The DOI matches its Crossref record; 35 of the 35 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Apathy Is Not Depression
Abstract
If depression is associated with apathy, then they should be expressed together in different dementia syndromes and should co-occur at varying levels of disease severity. The authors performed a cross-sectional comparison of neuropsychiatric symptoms in 30 Alzheimer's disease, 28 frontotemporal dementia, 40 Parkinson's disease, 34 Huntington's disease, and 22 progressive supranuclear palsy patients, using a standardized rating scale (the Neuropsychiatric Inventory). Apathy did not correlate with depression in the combined sample; apathy (r = -0.40, P < 0.0001), but not depression, correlated with lower cognitive function as measured by the Mini-Mental State Examination. The relationship of apathy to depression also varied across diagnostic groups. Apathy is a specific neuropsychiatric syndrome that is distinct from depression. Distinguishing these two syndromes has therapeutic implications.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Folstein, M. F., Folstein, S. E., & McHugh, P. R. (1975) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/0022-3956(75)90026-6 · Cited by 88,282
Hamilton, M. (1960) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.23.1.56 · Cited by 32,817
McKhann, G., Drachman, D., Folstein, M., Katzman, R., Price, D., & Stadlan, E. M. (1984) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.34.7.939 · Cited by 27,915
The Neuropsychiatric Inventory: Comprehensive assessment of psychopathology in dementia
Cummings, J. L., Mega, M., Gray, K., Rosenberg-Thompson, S., Carusi, D. A., & Gornbein, J. (1994) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.44.12.2308 · Cited by 7,568
Self-citationLitvan, I., Agid, Y., Calne, D., Campbell, G., Dubois, B., Duvoisin, R. C., Goetz, C. G., Golbe, L. I., Grafman, J., Growdon, J. H., et al. (1996) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.47.1.1 · Cited by 2,538
Self-citationFrontal-subcortical circuits and human behavior
Cummings, J. L. (1993) · Archives of Neurology · doi:10.1001/archneur.1993.00540080076020 · Cited by 2,262
Self-citationReliability and validity of the apathy evaluation scale
Marin, R. S., Biedrzycki, R. C., & Firinciogullari, S. (1991) · Psychiatry Research · doi:10.1016/0165-1781(91)90040-v · Cited by 1,805
Clinical and neuropathological criteria for frontotemporal dementia. The Lund and Manchester Groups.
(1994) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.57.4.416 · Cited by 1,331
Reduction of Prefrontal Cortex Glucose Metabolism Common to Three Types of Depression
Baxter, L. R. (1989) · Archives of General Psychiatry · doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1989.01810030049007 · Cited by 1,320
Reliability, validity, and clinical correlates of apathy in Parkinson's disease
(1992) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/jnp.4.2.134 · Cited by 1,185
Cited by
Apathy and the Functional Anatomy of the Prefrontal Cortex–Basal Ganglia Circuits
Levy, R., & Dubois, B. (2006) · Cerebral Cortex · doi:10.1093/cercor/bhj043 · Cited by 1,285
Neuropsychiatric aspects of Huntington’s disease.
Paulsen, J. S. (2001) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.71.3.310 · Cited by 486
Self-citationThe nosological position of apathy in clinical practice
Starkstein, S. E., & Leentjens, A. F. G. (2008) · Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry · doi:10.1136/jnnp.2007.136895 · Cited by 371
van Reekum, R., Stuss, D. T., & Ostrander, L. (2005) · The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences · doi:10.1176/jnp.17.1.7 · Cited by 360
Apathy and anhedonia rating scales in Parkinson's disease: Critique and recommendations
Leentjens, A. F. G., Dujardin, K., Marsh, L., Martinez‐Martin, P., Richard, I. H., Starkstein, S. E., Weintraub, D., Sampaio, C., Poewe, W., Rascol, O., et al. (2008) · Movement Disorders · doi:10.1002/mds.22229 · Cited by 346
Metadata
- Authors
- Levy, M. L., Cummings, J. L., Fairbanks, L. A., Masterman, D., Miller, B. L., Craig, A. H., Paulsen, J. S., & Litvan, I.
- Venue
- The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences
- Published
- 1998-08
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 314-319
- ISSN
- 0895-0172 (ISSN-L)
- 1545-7222
- OpenAlex
- W2010202486
- Cited by
- 678
- References
- 35
- FWCI
- 8.19
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Apathy Is Not Depression. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1176/jnp.10.3.314
- The paper
- Levy, M. L., Cummings, J. L., Fairbanks, L. A., Masterman, D., Miller, B. L., Craig, A. H., Paulsen, J. S., & Litvan, I. (1998). Apathy Is Not Depression. The Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences. https://doi.org/10.1176/jnp.10.3.314
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.