Cited by 115Global Health Workforce IssuesMental Health Treatment and AccessHealthcare Policy and Management

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County-Level Estimates of Mental Health Professional Supply in the United States

Ellis, Alan R., Konrad, Thomas R., Thomas, Kathleen C., Morrissey, Joseph P.·2009·Psychiatric Services

DOI 10.1176/ps.2009.60.10.1315

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Abstract

OBJECTIVE: This study compiled national county-level data and examined the geographic distribution of providers in six mental health professions and the correlates of county-level provider supply. METHODS: Data for six groups--advanced practice psychiatric nurses, licensed professional counselors, marriage and family therapists, psychiatrists, psychologists, and social workers--were compiled from licensing counts from state boards, certification counts from national credentialing organizations, and membership counts from professional associations. The geographic distribution of professionals was examined with descriptive statistics and a national choropleth map. Correlations were examined among county-level totals and between provider-to-population ratios and county characteristics. RESULTS: There were 353,398 clinically active providers in the six professions. Provider-to-population ratios varied greatly across counties, both within professions and overall. Social workers and licensed professional counselors were the largest groups; psychiatrists and advanced practice psychiatric nurses were the smallest. Professionals tended to be in urban, high-population, high-income counties. Marriage and family therapists were concentrated in California, and other mental health professionals were concentrated in the Northeast. CONCLUSIONS: Rural, low-income counties are likely candidates for interventions such as the training of local clinicians or the provision of incentives and infrastructure to facilitate clinical practice. Workforce planning and policy analysis should consider the unique combination of professions in each area. National workforce planning efforts and state licensing boards would benefit from the central collection of standardized practice information from clinically active providers in all mental health professions.

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County-level estimates of mental health professional shortage in the United States.
Thomas, K., Ellis, A. R., Konrad, T., Holzer, C., & Morrissey, J. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.10.1323 · Cited by 589
Self-citation
County-Level Estimates of Need for Mental Health Professionals in the United States
Konrad, T. R., Ellis, A. R., Thomas, K. C., Holzer, C. E., & MORRISSEY, J. P. (2009) · Psychiatric Services · doi:10.1176/ps.2009.60.10.1307 · Cited by 81
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Authors: Ellis, A. R., Konrad, T. R., Thomas, K. C., & Morrissey, J. P.
Affiliations: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
ORCID: Ellis, Alan R.
Konrad, Thomas R.
Thomas, Kathleen C.
Morrissey, Joseph P.
Venue: Psychiatric Services
Publisher: American Psychiatric Association Publishing
Published: 2009-10
Volume: 60
Issue: 10
Pages: 1315-1322
ISSN: 0022-1597 (ISSN-L)
1075-2730
1557-9700
DOI: 10.1176/ps.2009.60.10.1315
OpenAlex: W4241858169
Cited by: 114
References: 8
Citations by year: 2026: 2 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 11 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 7.70
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Locations: Psychiatric Services (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Geographic Society
Health Resources and Services Administration
U.S. Public Health Service (230200532038C)
Center for Substance Abuse Treatment
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Global Health Workforce Issues
Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Healthcare Policy and Management
Keywords: mental health professionals, licensed professional counselors, marriage and family therapists, psychiatrists, psychologists, social workers, urban-rural differences, low-income counties, workforce planning
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Female, Health Workforce, Humans, Licensure, Male, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Primary Health Care, Rural Population, United States, Urban Population, Databases as Topic, Young Adult

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County-Level Estimates of Mental Health Professional Supply in the United States

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