Screening of Astaxanthin-Hyperproducing Haematococcus pluvialis Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Raman Microspectroscopy
Abstract
Haematococcus pluvialis has promising applications owing to its ability to accumulate astaxanthin under stress conditions. In order to acquire higher astaxanthin productivity from H. pluvialis, it is critical not only to develop efficient mutagenesis techniques, but also to establish rapid and effective screening methods which are highly demanded in current research and application practice. In this work, we therefore attempted to develop a new approach to screening the astaxanthin-hyperproducing strains based on spectroscopic tools. Using Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman microspectroscopy, we have achieved rapid and quantitative analysis of the algal cells in terms of astaxanthin, β-carotene, proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates. In particular, we have found that the ratio of the IR absorption band at 1740 cm −1 to the band at 1156 cm −1 can be utilized for identifying astaxanthin-hyperproducing strains. This work may therefore open a new avenue for developing high-throughput screening methods necessary for the microbial mutant breeding industry.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Proportions and ratios of these bonds can elucidate information of very specific chemical compounds including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and silica (diatoms) and be used to characterize more specific molecules of industrial interest such as fatty acids, TAG, and beta-carotene as a precursor astaxanthin.
“Proportions and ratios of these bonds can elucidate information of very specific chemical compounds including lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, and silica (diatoms) and be used to characterize more specific molecules of industrial interest such as fatty acids [34,35], TAG [36], and beta-carotene as a precursor astaxanthin [37].”
From Microalgal process-monitoring based on high-selectivity spectroscopy tools: status and future perspectives (2018) · cites this paper as [37]
Cites
Chemistry and biochemistry of plant pigments
Goodwin, T. W. (1976) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 3,081 · see citing works
FT-IR study of plant cell wall model compounds: pectic polysaccharides and hemicelluloses
Kačuráková, M. (2000) · Carbohydrate Polymers · doi:10.1016/s0144-8617(00)00151-x · Cited by 1,755 · see citing works
Haematococcus astaxanthin: applications for human health and nutrition
Guerin, M., Huntley, M. E., & Olaizola, M. (2003) · Trends in Biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(03)00078-7 · Cited by 1,495 · see citing works
Astaxanthin: a review of its chemistry and applications
Higuera-Ciapara, I., Félix-Valenzuela, L., & Goycoolea, F. M. (2006) · Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition · doi:10.1080/10408690590957188 · Cited by 1,287 · see citing works
Commercial potential for Haematococcus microalgae as a natural source of astaxanthin
Lorenz, R. T., & Cysewski, G. R. (2000) · Trends in biotechnology · doi:10.1016/s0167-7799(00)01433-5 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Biological functions and activities of animal carotenoids
Miki, W. (1991) · Pure and Applied Chemistry · doi:10.1351/pac199163010141 · Cited by 964 · see citing works
Microbiological characterizations by FT-IR spectroscopy
Naumann, D., Helm, D., & Labischinski, H. (1991) · Nature · doi:10.1038/351081a0 · Cited by 923 · see citing works
Identification of medically relevant microorganisms by vibrational spectroscopy
Maquelin, K., Kirschner, C., Choo‐Smith, L., van den Braak, N., Endtz, H. P., Naumann, D., & Puppels, G. J. (2002) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/s0167-7012(02)00127-6 · Cited by 828 · see citing works
Carotenogenesis in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis : Cellular physiology and stress response
Boussiba, S. (2000) · Physiologia Plantarum · doi:10.1034/j.1399-3054.2000.108002111.x · Cited by 591 · see citing works
Astaxanthin Accumulation in the Green Alga Haematococcus pluvialis1
Boussiba, S., & Vonshak, A. (1991) · Plant and Cell Physiology · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.pcp.a078171 · Cited by 502 · see citing works
Zhekisheva, M., Boussiba, S., Khozin‐Goldberg, I., Zarka, A., & Cohen, Z. (2002) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1046/j.1529-8817.2002.01107.x · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Sarada, R., Tripathi, U., & Ravishankar, G. A. (2002) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0032-9592(01)00246-1 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Zhang, D., Wang, P., Slipchenko, M. N., Ben‐Amotz, D., Weiner, A. M., & Cheng, J. (2012) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac3019119 · Cited by 241 · see citing works
Huang, Y.-S., Karashima, T., Yamamoto, M. P., & Hamaguchi, H. (2005) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi050179w · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Identification of some bacterial cell components by FT-IR spectroscopy
Helm, D., & Naumann, D. (1995) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07393.x · Cited by 198 · see citing works
Antioxidant role of astaxanthin in the green alga Haematococcus pluvialis
Kobayashi, M., Kakizono, T., Nishio, N., Nagai, S., Kurimura, Y., & Tsuji, Y. (1997) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s002530051061 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Ip, P.-F., Wong, K.-H., & Chen, F. (2004) · Process Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.procbio.2003.08.003 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Grünewald, K., Hirschberg, J., & Hagen, C. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m006400200 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Vidhyavathi, R., Venkatachalam, L., Sarada, R., & Ravishankar, G. A. (2008) · Journal of Experimental Botany · doi:10.1093/jxb/ern048 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Carotenoid Distribution in Living Cells of Haematococcus pluvialis (Chlorophyceae)
Collins, A. M., Jones, H. D. T., Han, D., Hu, Q., Beechem, T. E., & Timlin, J. A. (2011) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0024302 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Szeghalmi, A. V., Kaminskyj, S. G. W., & Gough, K. M. (2006) · Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry · doi:10.1007/s00216-006-0850-2 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Kamath, B. S., Vidhyavathi, R., Sarada, R., & Ravishankar, G. A. (2008) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2008.04.013 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Okuno, M., Kano, H., Leproux, P., Couderc, V., Day, J. P. R., Bonn, M., & Hamaguchi, H. (2010) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201001560 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Tarantilis, P. Α., Beljebbar, A., Manfait, M., & Polissiou, M. G. (1998) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/s1386-1425(98)00024-9 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Production of astaxanthin in Haematococcus pluvialis cultured in various media
Tripathi, U., Sarada, R., Rao, S. R., & Ravishankar, G. A. (1999) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/s0960-8524(98)00143-6 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
In situ Raman imaging of astaxanthin in a single microalgal cell
Kaczor, A., Turnau, K., & Barańśka, M. (2011) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/c0an00553c · Cited by 83 · see citing works
In vivo time‐resolved Raman imaging of a spontaneous death process of a single budding yeast cell
Naito, Y., Toh‐e, A., & Hamaguchi, H. (2005) · Journal of Raman Spectroscopy · doi:10.1002/jrs.1397 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Bonente, G., Formighieri, C., Mantelli, M., Catalanotti, C., Giuliano, G., Morosinotto, T., & Bassi, R. (2011) · Photosynthesis Research · doi:10.1007/s11120-011-9660-2 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Budevska, B. O., Sum, S. T., & Jones, T. J. (2003) · Applied Spectroscopy · doi:10.1366/000370203321535015 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Screening and characterization of astaxanthin-hyperproducing mutants of Haematococcus pluvialis
Chen, Y., Li, D., Lu, W., Xing, J., Hui, B., & Han, Y. (2003) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1023/a:1022877703008 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
He, X. N., Allen, J., Black, P. N., Baldacchini, T., Huang, X., Huang, H., Jiang, L., & Lu, Y. F. (2012) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.3.002896 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Tan, S. Y., Cunningham, F. X., Youmans, M., Grabowski, B., Sun, Z., & Gantt, E. (1995) · Journal of Phycology · doi:10.1111/j.0022-3646.1995.00897.x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Haaland, D. M., Jones, H. D. T., Benthem, M. H. V., Sinclair, M. B., Melgaard, D. K., Stork, C. L., Pedroso, M. C., Liu, P., Brasier, A. R., Andrews, N. L., et al. (2009) · Applied Spectroscopy · doi:10.1366/000370209787598843 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Huang, C., Hamaguchi, H., & Shigeto, S. (2011) · Chemical Communications · doi:10.1039/c1cc12350e · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Moh, M. H., Man, Y. B. C., Badlishah, S., Jinap, S., Saad, M. S., & Abdullah, W. J. W. (1999) · Journal of the American Oil Chemists Society · doi:10.1007/s11746-999-0226-9 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Jilkine, K., Gough, K. M., Julian, R., & Kaminskyj, S. G. W. (2007) · Journal of Inorganic Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2007.10.023 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Characterization of Yeast Species Using Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering
Sayın, I., Kahraman, M., Şahi̇n, F., Yurdakul, D., & Çulha, M. (2009) · Applied Spectroscopy · doi:10.1366/000370209789806849 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Isolation and proteomic alalysis of cell wall‐deficient Haematococcus pluvialis mutants
Wang, S.-B., Chen, F., Sommerfeld, M. R., & Hu, Q. (2005) · PROTEOMICS · doi:10.1002/pmic.200400092 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Li, B., Sirimuthu, N. M. S., Ray, B. H., & Ryder, A. G. (2011) · Journal of Raman Spectroscopy · doi:10.1002/jrs.3141 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Weighting hyperspectral image data for improved multivariate curve resolution results
Jones, H. D. T., Haaland, D. M., Sinclair, M. B., Melgaard, D. K., Benthem, M. H. V., & Pedroso, M. C. (2008) · Journal of Chemometrics · doi:10.1002/cem.1170 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Raman, V., Lakshmanan, V., Kamath, B. S., Sarada, R., & Ravishankar, G. A. (2007) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s00253-007-0876-1 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Chumpolkulwong, N., Kakizono, T., Handa, T., & Nishio, N. (1997) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1023/a:1018330329357 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Dementjev, A., & Kostkevičienė, J. (2013) · Journal of Raman Spectroscopy · doi:10.1002/jrs.4321 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Barlow, A. M., Slepkov, A. D., Ridsdale, A., McGinn, P. J., & Stolow, A. (2014) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.5.003391 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Direct FTIR Assay of Streptomycin in Agar
Meanwell, R. J. L., & Shama, G. (2005) · Biotechnology Letters · doi:10.1007/s10529-005-2604-1 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 46 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Biotechnological production of astaxanthin from the microalga Haematococcus pluvialis
Li, X., Wang, X., Duan, C., Yi, S., Gao, Z., Xiao, C., Agathos, S. N., Wang, G., & Li, J. (2020) · Biotechnology Advances · doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107602 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Wang, X., Ren, L., Su, Y., Ji, Y., Liu, Y., Li, C., Li, X., Zhang, Y., Wang, W., Hu, Q., et al. (2017) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.7b03884 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Zhu, Y., Gu, Z., Liao, Y., Li, S., Xue, Y., Firempong, M. A., Xu, Y. D., Yu, J., Smyth, H. D. C., & Xu, X. (2021) · Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture · doi:10.1002/jsfa.11435 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Recent application of spectroscopy for the detection of microalgae life information: A review
Liu, J.-Y., Zeng, L.-H., & Ren, Z.-H. (2020) · Applied Spectroscopy Reviews · doi:10.1080/05704928.2018.1509345 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Self-citationRobust Spontaneous Raman Flow Cytometry for Single‐Cell Metabolic Phenome Profiling via pDEP‐DLD‐RFC
Wang, X., Ren, L., Diao, Z., He, Y., Zhang, J., Liu, M., Li, Y., Sun, L., Chen, R., Ji, Y., et al. (2023) · Advanced Science · doi:10.1002/advs.202207497 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Li, K., Cheng, J., Ye, Q., He, Y., Zhou, J., & Cen, K. (2017) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.04.116 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Recent advances of microbial breeding via heavy-ion mutagenesis at IMP
Hu, W., Li, W., & Chen, J. (2017) · Letters in Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/lam.12780 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Study on the Visualization of Pigment in Haematococcus pluvialis by Raman Spectroscopy Technique
Shao, Y., Gu, W., Jiang, L., Zhu, Y., & Gong, A. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-47208-2 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Pavón-Pérez, J., Agurto-Muñoz, A., Figueroa, C. P., & Agurto-Muñoz, C. (2021) · Biomass and Bioenergy · doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2021.106078 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Strategies to improve the efficiency and quality of mutant breeding using heavy-ion beam irradiation
Guo, X., Ren, J., Zhou, X., Zhang, M., Lei, C., Chai, R., Zhang, L., & Lü, D. (2023) · Critical Reviews in Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/07388551.2023.2226339 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ma, Y., Zhang, Q., Zhang, Q., Hua-qi, H., Chen, Z., Zhao, Y. C., Wei, D., Kong, M., & Huang, Q. (2018) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0204266 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationPodevin, M., Fotidis, I. A., & Angelidaki, I. (2018) · Critical Reviews in Biotechnology · doi:10.1080/07388551.2017.1398132 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Astaxanthin Production from Microalgae
Butler, T. O., & Golan, Y. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-0169-2_6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Liu, J., Zhang, L., Zha, D., Chen, L. Q., Chen, X. X., & Qi, Z. (2018) · Letters in Applied Microbiology · doi:10.1111/lam.13043 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationChen, Z., Liu, J., Tian, L., Zhang, Q., Guan, Y., Chen, L., Liu, G., Yu, H., Tian, Y., & Huang, Q. (2020) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d0an00507j · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationAstaxanthin Isomers: A Comprehensive Review of Isomerization Methods and Analytic Techniques
Liu, X., Zhou, L., Xie, J., Zhang, J., Chen, Z., Xiao, J., Cao, Y., & Xiao, H. (2023) · Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06863 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Naik, R., & Gupte, S. A. (2023) · Natural Product Research · doi:10.1080/14786419.2023.2208358 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Sumathi, Y., Kumar, P., Singhania, R. R., Chen, C., Baskar, G., Dong, C., & Patel, A. K. (2024) · Separation and Purification Technology · doi:10.1016/j.seppur.2024.128408 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
DFT-Based Raman Spectral Study of Astaxanthin Geometrical Isomers
Yao, G., Muhammad, M., Zhao, J., Liu, J., & Huang, Q. (2021) · Food Chemistry Molecular Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.fochms.2022.100103 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Self-citationDFT and Raman study of all-trans astaxanthin optical isomers
Yao, G., Guo, S., Yu, W., Muhammad, M., Liu, J., & Huang, Q. (2021) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.saa.2021.120143 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Self-citationMussagy, C. U., Caicedo-Paz, A. V., Farias, F. O., Tropea, A., Tella, R. L., Guzmán‐Flores, J. M., Mondello, L., Herculano, R. D., Filho, P. E. D. L. L., Piazza, R. D., et al. (2024) · Algal Research · doi:10.1016/j.algal.2024.103862 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Li, Y.-L., Huang, Q., Yao, G., Wang, X., Zhang, F., Wang, T., Shao, C.-S., Zheng, X., Jing, X., & Zhou, H.-Y. (2020) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.0c02432 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationGuo, J., Yang, X., Chen, J., Wang, C., Kang, Y., Jiang, T., Chen, M., Li, W., Zhou, C., & Chen, Z. (2022) · ACS Biomaterials Science & Engineering · doi:10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00596 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Pereira, D. M., Fanesi, A., Martin, T., Tebbani, S., Olivier Bernard, A., & Lopes, F. (2023) · Biotechnology and Bioengineering · doi:10.1002/bit.28624 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Hu, W., Li, W., Chen, H., Liu, J., Wang, S., & Chen, J. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0180120 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Self-citationComparison of malachite green adsorption by two yeast strains using Raman microspectroscopy
Liu, J., Zha, D., Chen, X., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., & Li, Z. (2019) · FEMS Microbiology Letters · doi:10.1093/femsle/fnz163 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citationQuantitation of carotenoids and fatty acids from Atlantic salmon using a portable Raman device
Landry, J. D., Torley, P. J., & Blanch, E. W. (2022) · The Analyst · doi:10.1039/d2an01140a · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Exploring the Development of a Clean-Label Vegan Burger Enriched with Fermented Microalgae
Bassani, J. C., Martins, V. F. R., Barbosa, J. B., Coelho, M. C., Sousa, C. C. S., Steffens, J., Backes, G. T., Pereira, H., Pintado, M., Teixeira, P. C. M., et al. (2025) · Foods · doi:10.3390/foods14162884 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Liu, J., Zhu, C., Li, Z., & Zhou, H. (2022) · Frontiers in Microbiology · doi:10.3389/fmicb.2022.952597 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationXu, X., Cheng, Z., Liu, W., Lin, C., Xia, W., Shyu, H.-Y., Miao, W., & Yuan, H. (2025) · Computational and Structural Biotechnology Journal · doi:10.1016/j.csbj.2025.05.044 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Liu, J., Li, W., Ren, X., Qi, Z., Ma, J., Huang, S., Chai, L., Jiao, Y., Xu, J., & Liu, X. (2025) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.saa.2025.126613 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Self-citationColoration patterns of marine sponges assessed by vibrational spectroscopy
Maia, L. F., Gonzaga, T. A., Campos, M. T. C., Lôbo‐Hajdu, G., Edwards, H. G. M., & de Oliveira, L. F. C. (2021) · Journal of Raman Spectroscopy · doi:10.1002/jrs.6143 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Li, C., Wu, Q., Zong, L., Zhou, Y., & Wang, X. (2019) · Infrared Physics & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.infrared.2019.103147 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Cheng, X., An, Y., Qu, Z., Wang, J., Xie, X., Wang, H., & Liu, C. (2025) · Journal of Food Measurement & Characterization · doi:10.1007/s11694-025-03645-4 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Vinh, T. Q., Trung, T. N., Balasus, J., Sharma, S., Hegemann, T., Greulich, S., Khanh, T. Q., & Kaldenhoff, R. (2020) · Lighting Research & Technology · doi:10.1177/1477153520958455 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Aghajani, J., Mirzaei, M., Choopani, A., Abbasi, H., Shakeri, F., & Latifi, A. M. (2026) · Bioimpacts · doi:10.34172/bi.32651 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Metabolic engineering of astaxanthin pathway and heterologous production in novel organisms
Narayanan, A., Simon, D. P., Shanmugam, K., Ravi, S., Rao, A. R., & Ravishankar, G. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823304-7.00024-6 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Bhakthavatsalam, V. (2020) · Physical Science & Biophysics Journal · doi:10.23880/psbj-16000148
Optimization of astaxanthin production processes from microalga Haematococcus
Li, X., Wang, X., Yang, D., Gao, Z., & Li, J. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-823304-7.00017-9
Vandana, Garima, Singh, R. P., & Prasad, R. (2025) · Sustainable landscape planning and natural resources management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-82186-8_10
Intracellular mapping of a major metabolite in the filamentous cyanobacterium Moorena bouillonii
Salgado, L. T., de Carvalho, R. T., Paradas, W. C., Caires, T. A., Ribeiro, F. V., Pandoli, O. G., Moreira, D. D. L., Ramos, Y. J., Salomon, P. S., & Pereira, R. C. (2025) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.saa.2025.126586
Kumar, S., Kumar, R., Diksha, D., Kumari, A., & Panwar, A. (2025) · International Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s10123-025-00738-4
Xu, H., Zhang, S., Gouda, M., Lei, J., Dong, Y., Luo, W., He, Y., Li, X., & Zhang, H. (2026) · Bioresource Technology · doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2026.135183
Liu, J., Ren, X., Wang, Z., Liu, H., Zhu, C., Li, Y. X., Zhou, H., & Liu, X. (2026) · Spectrochimica Acta Part A Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy · doi:10.1016/j.saa.2026.128341
Self-citation
- Authors
- Liu, J., & Huang, Q.
- Affiliations
- University of Science and Technology of China (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Huang, Qing
- Venue
- Applied Spectroscopy
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2016-07-20
- Volume
- 70
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1639-1648
- ISSN
- 0003-7028 (ISSN-L)
- 1943-3530
- OpenAlex
- W2432130119
- Cited by
- 45
- References
- 46
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5
- FWCI
- 2.31
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Applied Spectroscopy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Biophysics › Spectroscopy Techniques in Biomedical and Chemical Research
- Physical Sciences › Chemistry › Analytical Chemistry › Spectroscopy and Chemometric Analyses
- Physical Sciences › Energy › Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment › Algal biology and biofuel production
- Keywords
- Haematococcus pluvialis, astaxanthin production, strain screening, FTIR spectroscopy, micro-Raman spectroscopy, carotenoid quantification, beta-carotene, lipid and protein content, high-throughput screening, mutation breeding
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
