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Estimating age-specific trends in circulating testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in males and females across the lifespan
Abstract
Background: Age-specific trends of serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin across the full lifespan have not been reported. Methods: We deduced age-specific trends in serum testosterone and sex hormone-binding globulin in males and females between ages 10 and 90 from a large sample of consecutive results from a single large pathology laboratory. Coded results of 110,712 consecutive blood samples requesting serum testosterone over seven years (2007–2013) comprising blood testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin and calculated free testosterone together with gender and age were analysed create smoothed age-specific centiles (2.5%, 5%, 25%, 50%, 75%, 95%, 97.5%) for males and females. Results: These identified the pubertal increases in serum testosterone in males peaking at 20 years of age and remaining stable thereafter until the eighth decade. In females, circulating testosterone peaked in late adolescence and declined gradually over the next two decades but remained stable across menopause and beyond. After early childhood, serum sex hormone-binding globulin declines to a nadir in males at the age of 20 years and remains stable till the sixth decade with a gradual, progressive rise thereafter. In females, the sex hormone-binding globulin nadir is reached earlier with levels rising gradually and progressively with age thereafter and accelerating after the age of 70 years. Females also exhibit a second sex hormone-binding globulin peak during reproductive ages reflected only in upper centiles due to effects of pregnancy and oral contraceptive use in a significant minority of females. Conclusions: This large sample of clinical data provides a comprehensive profile of androgen status across the lifespan from early adolescence to late old age.
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“Male puberty results in circulating testosterone concentrations rising from the prepubertal and female postpubertal range (<2 nmol/L) to adult male circulating testosterone concentrations (18).”
From Circulating Testosterone as the Hormonal Basis of Sex Differences in Athletic Performance (2018) · cites this paper as [18]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Handelsman, D. J., Sikaris, K., & Ly, L. P.
- Affiliations
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Melbourne Pathology, Collingwood, Victoria, Australia
- Concord Repatriation General Hospital (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Handelsman, David J
- Venue
- Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-10-05
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 377-384
- ISSN
- 0004-5632 (ISSN-L)
- 1758-1001
- OpenAlex
- W2192883521
- Semantic Scholar
- 05790eca0009b04f5e1ac0cb608c83b07098528e
- Cited by
- 122
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 14 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 13 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 6
- FWCI
- 6.07
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Hormonal and reproductive studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Sexual Differentiation and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Sperm and Testicular Function
- Keywords
- serum testosterone, sex hormone-binding globulin, free testosterone, lifespan, puberty, menopause, androgen status, sex differences, oral contraceptive use
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Age Factors, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Testosterone, Young Adult
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