Males’ mental health disadvantage: An estimation of gender-specific changes in service utilisation for mental and substance use disorders in Australia
Open accessAbstract
Background: Concerns about low levels of service utilisation for mental and substance use disorders in Australia – especially among males – have prompted targeted help-seeking and stigma-reduction initiatives. Resulting changes in service utilisation according to gender are unknown. We modelled the percentage of Australian males with a mental or substance use disorder who used services each year between 2006–2007 and 2011–2012, and the types of services they used, relative to females. Methods: Twelve-month prevalence of mental and substance use disorders, stratified by gender, was synthesised from existing estimates. The percentage of males and females with these disorders who used mental health services in each year from 2006–2007 to 2011–2012 was modelled from published programme activity data, supplemented by analyses of epidemiological survey data. Uncertainty analysis quantified the effects of sampling error and assumptions on the estimates. Results: Modelling showed a significant increase in the percentage of people with mental or substance use disorders who used services for their mental health – from 32.0% in 2006–2007 to 40.0% in 2011–2012 in males and from 45.1% in 2006–2007 to 54.6% in 2011–2012 in females. Growth was driven largely by uptake of private specialised services – males’ use of these services grew by 92.7% and females’ by 115.4%. There appeared to be a non-significant decrease in use of general practitioner-only mental health care for males (−17.9%), and a significant decrease in the same for females (−35.1%); however, some assumptions made in the modelling of general practitioner-only care require validation. In 2006–2007, the percentage of females treated was 40.9% higher than for males; in 2011–2012, it was 36.6% greater. Conclusions: Recently implemented initiatives have improved males’ likelihood of service utilisation, particularly their use of specialised mental health services. Although the gender gap may have narrowed, improving males’ access to services should remain a policy priority.
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Men use mental health services less than women across Western countries, even after controlling for prevalence rates.
“These attitudes are reflected in low service use, which is consistently observed across Western countries.”
From Improving Mental Health Service Utilization Among Men: A Systematic Review and Synthesis of Behavior Change Techniques Within Interventions Targeting Help-Seeking (2019) · cites this paper as Harris et al., 2015
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- Authors
- Harris, M. G., Diminic, S., Reavley, N., Baxter, A., Pirkis, J., & Whiteford, H. A.
- Affiliations
- The University of Queensland (AU)
- The University of Melbourne (AU)
- Venue
- Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-03-27
- Volume
- 49
- Issue
- 9
- Pages
- 821-832
- ISSN
- 0004-8674 (ISSN-L)
- 1440-1614
- OpenAlex
- W2050254841
- Cited by
- 113
- References
- 38
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 43 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 1
- FWCI
- 27.86
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Minerva Access (University of Melbourne) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Movember Foundation
- National Health and Medical Research Council (1041131)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Gender Roles and Identity Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Keywords
- mental health service utilization, substance use disorders, gender differences, males, help-seeking, mental health stigma, Australia
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Australia, Mental Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Men, Mental Health Services, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Substance-Related Disorders, Healthcare Disparities, Young Adult
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