The DOI matches its Crossref record.
Understanding the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Personalized Engagement Marketing
Abstract
This article explores the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in aiding personalized engagement marketing—an approach to create, communicate, and deliver personalized offerings to customers. It proposes that consumers are ready for a new journey in which AI is a tool for endless options and information that are narrowed and curated in a personalized way. It also provides predictions for managers regarding the AI-driven environment on branding and customer management practices in both developed and developing countries.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 774
Umashankar, K., & Charitra, H. G. (2024) · Information systems engineering and management · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-65727-6_19 · Cited by 1
Marketing Farmacéutico e IA en farmacias comunitarias: revisión de literatura
Quiñónez, M. B. R. (2024) · LATAM Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades · doi:10.56712/latam.v5i4.2580 · Cited by 1
Acharjee, P. B., Salunkhe, H. A., Thorat, S., et al. (2024) · International Conference on Trends in Quantum Computing and Emerging Business Technologies (TQCEBT) · doi:10.1109/tqcebt59414.2024.10545168 · Cited by 1
“According to Kumar et al. (2019) [10]., CRM in marketing involves collecting customer data, storing it centrally, and using it to personalize communication and tailor marketing efforts.”
BackgroundNayal, P., Sharma, A., Pandey, N., & Shankar, A. (2024) · Marketing Intelligence & Planning · doi:10.1108/mip-09-2023-0490 · Cited by 3
Turner-Henderson, T. (2024) · International Journal of Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.4018/ijaibm.365343 · Cited by 1
Revolutionizing Marketing through Artificial Intelligence: An Analytical Compendium of Case Studies
Agarwal, S., Agarwal, S., Mittal, V., & Anuradha (2024) · International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Advanced Applications (ICISAA) · doi:10.1109/icisaa62385.2024.10828777 · Cited by 1
Agarwal, P., Pathak, R. C., Singh, R. P., Gehlot, A., Akram, S. V., & Thakur, A. K. (2025) · SN Computer Science · doi:10.1007/s42979-025-03830-8 · Cited by 1
“AI acts as a tool for personalized engagement marketing which provides never-ending options and information to customers in a more contracted and organized manner [84].”
Bhattacharya, P., Ayertey, S., Panditharathna, R., & Banor, M. A. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-74657-4_9 · Cited by 1
Entrepreneurship Empowered by Artificial Intelligence
Janković, N., Lečić-Cvetković, D., & Rajković, T. (2025) · doi:10.18690/um.fov.2.2025.26 · Cited by 1
Navigating the AI Revolution in Advertising
Beede, P. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9894-4.ch006 · Cited by 1
The Integration of Artificial Intelligence in Customer Relationship Management
Perumal, E., Supritha, R. K., Kasule, G. W., & Kesavaraj, G. (2025) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/979-8-3373-0164-8.ch022 · Cited by 2
Ingari, L. S., Annan, J., & Choudrie, J. (2025) · Asia Pacific Information Technology Conference (APIT) · doi:10.1145/3726101.3726116 · Cited by 2
“AI can enhance organizational and process-level performance when aligned with relevant processes, requiring data, scalable infrastructure, exter-nal partnerships, strategic decisions, and domain expertise [23].”
Thakur, J., Kansra, P., & Mehra, P. (2025) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-9611-7.ch008 · Cited by 1
The Impact of AI along the Customer Journey Mapping: How AI Agents are Changing Customer Journey
Vasileva, S. (2025) · Proceedings of the ... International Conference on Business Excellence · doi:10.2478/picbe-2025-0086 · Cited by 3
“According to research by Kumar et al. (2019), personalized technology helps marketers create value by building close relationships with consumers.”
InfluentialDigital transformation strategy: the quest for competitive advantage among commercial banks in Kenya
Musau, N. N., & Muathe, S. M. (2025) · International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147-4478) · doi:10.20525/ijrbs.v14i5.4308 · Cited by 5
A Framework for Measuring Personalization in the Luxury Hotel Industry
Liao, K., & Halawi, L. (2025) · Business, management and economics · doi:10.5772/intechopen.1011894 · Cited by 1
The ethical dilemma of AI vs. Human capital: Salespersons’ perceptions and usage of technology
Edmondson, D. R., & Matthews, L. M. (2025) · The Journal of Marketing Theory and Practice · doi:10.1080/10696679.2025.2551194 · Cited by 2
Navigating the AI revolution in customer service: a bibliometric analysis
Khanna, A., Sarasan, S., & Sunil, M. P. (2025) · Spanish Journal of Marketing - ESIC · doi:10.1108/sjme-08-2024-0228 · Cited by 3
Impact of Digital Marketing Strategies on Business Growth Through Websites and Social Media
Wijaya, V. N. T., Abdillah, M. D., Fahrezy, V., et al. (2025) · doi:10.1109/iccit65724.2025.11167419 · Cited by 1
“The paragraph emphasizes that active participation and interaction on social media platforms can boost brand awareness, drive customer engagement, and strengthen brand advocacy and loyalty [27].”
Surfing artificial intelligence: creating value in mission-driven contexts
Anzivino, A., & Olivieri, M. (2025) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-11-2024-1364 · Cited by 1
Managing artificial intelligence across functions for enhanced retail firm performance
Cao, L., Yang, J.-C., & Chen, Y.-T. (2025) · European Management Review · doi:10.1111/emre.70042 · Cited by 3
Artificial intelligence in marketing
Kareem, S. (2025) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-29863-9.00030-1 · Cited by 1
The virtualisation of the influencer economy: Development of a conceptual model
Leggett, K. L., Lammi, M., & Mykkänen, J. (2026) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-025-00857-w · Cited by 4
“…the power of virtual influencers can vary, with some replacing the lower-level tasks, such as the image of the post itself, and others utilising AI being able to autonomously respond to audience comments, write their own captions, and generate their own content (Kumar et al., 2019; Travers, 2020).”
Devi, L. D., & Arumugam, T. (2026) · Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence · doi:10.3389/frai.2026.1734151 · Cited by 1
“AI-led cause-related marketing initiatives that incorporate gamification, immersive storytelling, or personalized cause recommendations aligned with consumer values enhance both enjoyment and perceived value (Babatunde et al., 2024; Malikireddy, 2024).”
Mathew, J., Mer, A., Shekhar, S., et al. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83662-188-120251027 · Cited by 1
Perillo, C., Lavorato, D., & Villasalero, M. (2026) · European Journal of Innovation Management · doi:10.1108/ejim-03-2025-0402 · Cited by 1
Contreras-Peña, M. F., Victoria-Mas, J. S., Martín-Barreiro, C., & Cabezas, X. (2026) · Journal of Marketing Analytics · doi:10.1057/s41270-026-00467-1 · Cited by 1
“Recent studies highlight how data-driven approaches can uncover hidden patterns in customer interactions, enabling personalized marketing strategies that significantly improve engagement and conversion rates (Kumar et al. 2019; Sinha et al. 2002).”
Artificial intelligence assimilation shapes sustainable performance through dynamic capabilities
Zhang, M., & Dong, W. (2026) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-026-46291-6 · Cited by 9
“Research indicates that AI adoption significantly boosts corporate green patent output and green technology performance 1,63 .”
Value Co-Creation and Modern Artificial Intelligence in the Hospitality Sector
Reda, L. (2026) · Advances in computational intelligence and robotics book series · doi:10.4018/406750 · Cited by 1
Hue, T. T., Nguyen, K. L., & Le, H.-L. (2026) · IFIP advances in information and communication technology · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-16779-8_22 · Cited by 1
Nguyen, H. T. S., Pham, M. T., Ninh, T. T., & Tran, H. P. (2026) · Journal of Promotion Management · doi:10.1080/10496491.2026.2669631 · Cited by 1
“…long-term relational performance, it is necessary to monitor the ability to be loyal to the customer over a long period and remain involved in the environment where the algorithms of personalization (Kumar et al., 2019) constantly interfere with great consumer privacy issues (Jayapal, 2025).”
Wu, Y., Guo, Z., & Li, M. (2026) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2026.104951 · Cited by 1
Farhan, S., & Fu, C. (2026) · Lecture notes in operations research · doi:10.1007/978-3-032-23493-3_21 · Cited by 2
Hussain, A., Narula, A., Singh, G., Sinha, M., Raj, R., & Nandal, N. (2026) · Future Business Journal · doi:10.1186/s43093-026-00910-w · Cited by 2
“• Consumer Engagement : Encompasses behavioral (likes, shares), emotional (affinity, interest), and cognitive (attention, recall) aspects of user interaction [39].”
Setor, T. K. (2021) · ACM SIGMIS Computers and People Research Conference (SIGMIS-CPR) · doi:10.1145/3458026.3462149 · Cited by 1
“Technological advances in artificial intelligence and big data technologies have paved the way for next-generation marketing strategies that deliver personalized content experiences [1], [2].”
BackgroundAn Updated Consumer Decision-making Model to Tackle Climate Change
Ozdemir, B. M. (2021) · Sosyal Mucit Academic Review · Cited by 1
THE RELEVANCE OF INTIMACY WITH MY INTELLIGENT VIRTUAL ASSISTANT
de Lisboa, I.-I. U., Garrotes, P., & Loureiro, S. M. C. (2021) · Global Fashion Management Conference · doi:10.15444/gfmc2021.03.04.03 · Cited by 1
“This technology functions through automation and continuous learning, and the main characteristic that makes it so life-changing and extremely popular is its level of personalization (Kumar et al., 2019).”
BackgroundMadya, F., Rulinawaty, R., & Pasaribu, D. (2022) · doi:10.33258/birci.v5i2.5272 · Cited by 1
Consumers and producers: whose personalisation is it?
Kent, T., Kuksa, I., & Fisher, T. A. (2023) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-101987-0.00001-1 · Cited by 1
Hanif, N., Hanif, O., Hanif, S., Javeed, L., Abbasi, M. N., Hanif, T., & Hanif, S. (2023) · IEEE Access · doi:10.1109/access.2023.3337427 · Cited by 1
“Another study aimed at understanding the use of AI in a customized offering of marketing plans to the target market, explained by Kumar and his colleagues [22].”
Fernandes, A., & Gabriel, M. L. D. D. S. (2023) · ReMark - Revista Brasileira de Marketing · doi:10.5585/remark.v22i4.23979 · Cited by 1
Aktaş, M., & Çavuşoğlu, S. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub398.c1662 · Cited by 3
أثر الذكاء الاصطناعي علي الرشاقة الإستراتيجية في شركات الطيران: شركة مصر للطيران كدراسة حالة
سليمان, ي. ر., فتحي, ع. م., & سليمان, م. ر. (2024) · مجلة کلية السياحة والفنادق - جامعة مدينة السادات · doi:10.21608/mfth.2024.333131 · Cited by 2
Hofeditz, L., Erle, L., Timm, L., & Mirbabaie, M. (2023) · Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences (HICSS) · doi:10.24251/hicss.2023.420 · Cited by 1
Leveraging Big Data Analytics for Customer Experience Excellence in Metaverse
Bathla, D., & Ahuja, R. (2024) · Advances in business strategy and competitive advantage book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-1734-1.ch010 · Cited by 1
Towards Artificial Intelligence-Driven Marketing: An Adoption Framework for Lesotho
Batani, J., Mothabeng, M. R., & Mbunge, E. (2024) · Conference on Information Communications Technology and Society (ICTAS) · doi:10.1109/ictas59620.2024.10507141 · Cited by 1
“Through these analyses, AI facilitates personalised and targeted marketing campaigns, leading to enhanced customer engagement and higher conversion rates [26].”
BackgroundMethodLanguage Personalized Recommendation Algorithm Based on NCF
Wang, Z., Tang, R., & Wu, S. (2024) · doi:10.1109/icdcot61034.2024.10516228 · Cited by 1
“It can consider users' interests, historical behavior, and the correlation between language resources, providing users with language resource recommendations that better meet their personalized needs [16-17].”
Background“Is It a Machine Influencing Me?”
Bakır, U., Akyol, Z., & Bazarcı, S. (2024) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-2754-8.ch002 · Cited by 1
Kumar, G., Seshasai, S. J., & Shriya, K. (2024) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-7122-0.ch028 · Cited by 1
Campaigning in the Age of AI: Ethical Dilemmas and Practical Solutions for The UK and US
Adebayo, A. A. (2024) · International Journal of Social Science and Human Research · doi:10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i12-65 · Cited by 2
“Kumar et al. (2019) argue that this personalized engagement is essential in contemporary political campaigning, as it helps to create, communicate, and deliver offerings specifically designed to resonate with individual voter preferences.”
Impact of COVID-19 on Marketing Communications: New Directions in the Promotional Mix
ÖZTÜRK, E., & Öztürk, L. (2024) · Studies in systems, decision and control · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-77286-3_10 · Cited by 1
Seth, K. (2024) · International Conference on Sustainable Computing and Integrated Communication in Changing Landscape of AI (ICSCAI) · doi:10.1109/icscai61790.2024.10866411 · Cited by 1
Sharma, V., & Rajani, R. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/978-1-83797-815-120251014 · Cited by 1
., K. D., & Mehta, M. (2024) · ShodhKosh Journal of Visual and Performing Arts · doi:10.29121/shodhkosh.v5.i7.2024.4647 · Cited by 1
Amalia, F., Savitri, M. A., & Tjokrowerdojo, A. W. (2024) · International Conference on Computing, Engineering and Design (ICCED) · doi:10.1109/icced64257.2024.10983737 · Cited by 1
“AI can makes sure pertinent material is delivered by tracking behavior and forecasting content trends [17].”
Okamoto, H., & Tachizaki, H. (2025) · Journal of Educational Technology Development and Exchange · doi:10.18785/jetde.1802.06 · Cited by 1
Integrating AI into your Tourism Operations Leadership Strategies
Mehmood, W., & Rehman, M. K. U. (2025) · Goodfellow Publishers Ltd eBooks · doi:10.23912/9781915097859-6103 · Cited by 1
Sanches, A., Agbulut, B., Castro, L. F. C., et al. (2025) · Artificial Intelligence in Geosciences · doi:10.1016/j.aiig.2025.100150 · Cited by 1
Artificial Intelligence and Innovation
Krzywdzinski, M., Schneiß, D., & Weisenburger, P. (2025) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-25143-6_75-1 · Cited by 1
MANIPULATION OF DIGITAL CONSUMPTION CULTURE HEGEMONY AND LEISURE TIME
GİLANLIOĞLU, E., & Öze, N. (2017) · Electronic Journal of New Media · doi:10.17932/iau.ejnm.25480200.2020/ejnm_v4i3004 · Cited by 1
Libraries on the Global Health Crisis
Ajaykumar, C. (2021) · Advances in library and information science (ALIS) book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-6449-3.ch010 · Cited by 1
Einleitung: Künstliche Intelligenz integriert und erfolgreich implementieren
Lichtenthaler, U. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-34670-6_1 · Cited by 1
(2023) · Scientific Papers of Silesian University of Technology Organization and Management Series · doi:10.29119/1641-3466.2023.187.21 · Cited by 1
Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Businesses
Oberoi, P. (2020) · Encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-71059-4_145-1 · Cited by 1
AI Technology and Online Purchase Intention:Multi-Group Analysis Based On Perceived ValuePreprint
Yin, J., & Qiu, X. (2021) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202103.0465.v1 · Cited by 1
“It uses the recommendation engine to recommend products that may be purchased in the future according to the past purchased behavior of users, reduces the cognitive load of consumers, and is committed to providing optimal services for consumers through prediction [21].”
BackgroundArtificial Intelligence and the Future of Businesses
Oberoi, P. (2021) · Encyclopedia of the UN sustainable development goals · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-95873-6_145 · Cited by 1
FERNANDES, A. C. A. (2022) · doi:10.17771/pucrio.acad.61296 · Cited by 1
Patnaik, P., Patra, S. K., Kumar, S., & Bakkar, M. N. (2025) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.5231082 · Cited by 1
DiscimusRW: An E-Learning Web Application for Classifying Random Walks with Machine Learning
Mousa, A., Auth, T., Samara, A., et al. (2021) · International Arab Conference on Information Technology (ACIT) · doi:10.1109/acit53391.2021.9677258
Designing Business Analytics Projects (BAP)
Junior, L. P. P., & Matheus, R. (2022) · Advances in business information systems and analytics book series · doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-9016-4.ch004
Rapport-Building Opportunities and Challenges in Technology-Infused Service Encounters
Wang, S., & Gremler, D. D. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-91828-6_43
Gonzalez, J. C. (2022) · Open Access Victoria University of Wellington | Te Herenga Waka (Figshare) · doi:10.26686/wgtn.20579568 · Cited by 1
Research of the effectiveness of launching functionality in mobile applications based on big data
Khegay, E. L., & Essimzhanova, S. R. (2023) · Bulletin of Turan University · doi:10.46914/1562-2959-2023-1-1-325-335
Agarwal, N., & Kumari, A. (2023) · International Conference on Innovative Practices in Technology and Management (ICIPTM) · doi:10.1109/iciptm57143.2023.10117729
“The CCE recognizes, expresses, and represents emotions depending on their cognitive and biological factors [20].”
BackgroundZukunft und neue Geschäftsmöglichkeiten
Shimpi, D. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-39277-2_3
Đào, T. T. X. Đ. T. T. X., Cúp, L. V., Linh, V. N., et al. (2022) · TẠP CHÍ KHOA HỌC TRƯỜNG ĐẠI HỌC QUỐC TẾ HỒNG BÀNG · doi:10.59294/hiujs.vol..2022.412
YAO, Y., Ng, S. I., & Kamal, N. B. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4567845
Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Marketing
Guruprasad, M., Agarwal, M., Johari, R., et al. (2023) · International Journal of Latest Engineering and Management Research (IJLEMR) · doi:10.56581/ijlemr.8.10.10-13
زرزورة, ر. م. ع. ا. (2023) · مجلة بحوث کلية الآداب جامعة المنوفية · doi:10.21608/sjam.2023.243829.2152
Oliveira, P. M., Guerreiro, J., & Rita, P. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4646548
Künstliche Intelligenz in Familienunternehmen
Patuelli, A., & Keplinger, K. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-41978-3_11 · Cited by 1
Beyond Connectivity: Artificial Intelligence and the Internationalisation of Digital FirmsPreprint
dos Santos, J. K. F., & Williamson, P. J. (2023) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4660555
Sustainable Brand Management: A Forward-Looking Perspective in The Business World
Pir, E. Ö. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub398.c1664 · Cited by 1
Tedarik Zinciri Bakış Açısıyla Şirketlerin Yeşil Aklama ile Başa Çıkma Stratejileri
Sofyalıoğlu, Ç., & Kartal, B. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub398.c1661 · Cited by 1
Dijital Dönüşümde Haberleşme İnovasyonu
Gültaş, P., & Gültaş, M. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub398.c1666
Uzkesici, D. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub398.c1660
Dijitalleşme ve Pazarlama Araştırmaları
Yılmaz, E. S., Uzkesici, D., Sofyalıoğlu, Ç., Kartal, B., Aktaş, M., Çavuşoğlu, S., Atlı, H. F., Pir, E. Ö., Erdem, A., Gültaş, M., et al. (2023) · Özgür Yayınları eBooks · doi:10.58830/ozgur.pub398
Effectiveness of Hyper Localized Data Driven Advertisements in India
Shah, S. (2023) · AIMS International Journal of Management · doi:10.26573/2023.17.2.3 · Cited by 2
Hakim, M., Milzam, M., Suseno, A. T., et al. (2024) · Jurnal Abdimas BSI Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat · doi:10.31294/jabdimas.v7i1.19927
“Neuromarketing menjadi pendorong berkembangnya kecerdasan buatan yang saat ini dimanfaatkan oleh para pemasar, hasil neuromarketing dipercepat oleh AI (Kumar et al., 2019).”
BackgroundAnalysis of Artificial Intelligence Towards the Digital Marketing Revolution
Srinivas, D., Yadav, B. S., Masood, G., et al. (2023) · doi:10.1109/gcitc60406.2023.10425868
“Applications for AI are becoming increasingly important in a variety of industries, including finance, banking, medical services, and energy production [3].”
BackgroundAghazadeh, H., & Khoshnevis, M. (2024) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-97-0607-5_5
Artificial Intelligence in Marketing. Current Status and Future Research Agenda
Alexa, L., Pîslaru, M., Nistor, G. C., & Alexa, M. (2024) · Intelligent systems reference library · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-55952-5_3 · Cited by 2
Peranan dan Pengaruh Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) terhadap Industri Periklanan di Malaysia
Agil, H., Ahmad, A. L., & Azlan, A. A. (2024) · Jurnal e-Bangi/e-Bangi · doi:10.17576/ebangi.2024.2102.25
Metadata
- Authors
- Kumar, V., Rajan, B., Venkatesan, R., & Lecinski, J.
- Affiliations
- Georgia State University (US)
- University of Virginia (US)
- Northwestern University (US)
- Venue
- California Management Review
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-07-04
- Volume
- 61
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 135-155
- ISSN
- 0008-1256 (ISSN-L)
- 2162-8564
- OpenAlex
- W2953773016
- Cited by
- 797
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 136 · 2025: 154 · 2024: 208 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 76 · 2021: 73 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 21.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- California Management Review (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › AI in Service Interactions
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Digital Marketing and Social Media
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Marketing › Marketing and Advertising Strategies
- Keywords
- artificial intelligence, personalized marketing, customer engagement, personalization, customer management, branding, consumer behavior, information curation, AI-driven marketing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review