Cited by 685Statistical Methods and Bayesian InferencePsychometric Methodologies and TestingSurvey Methodology and Nonresponse

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Handling Item-Level Missing Data: Simpler Is Just as Good

Parent, Mike C.·2013·The Counseling Psychologist

DOI 10.1177/0011000012445176

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Abstract

The topic of missing data has been receiving increasing attention, with calls to apply advanced methods of handling missingness to counseling psychology research. The present study sought to assess whether advanced methods of handling item-level missing data performed equivalently to simpler methods in designs similar to those counseling psychologists typically engage in. Results of an initial preliminary analysis, an analysis using real-world data, and a series of simulation studies were used in the present investigation. Results indicated that available case analysis, mean substitution, and multiple imputation had similar results across low levels of missing data, though in data with higher levels of missing data and other problems (e.g., small sample size or scales with weak internal reliability) mean substitution produced inflation of correlation coefficients among items. The present results support the use of available case analysis when dealing with low-level item-level missingness.

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“Therefore, the recommended available item analysis data replacement strategy was implemented (Parent, 2013).”
Method
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“Of the 203 completed packets, missing data was less than 2% and was therefore replaced with mean substitution (Parent, 2013).”
Background
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“AIA is also known as pairwise deletion or pairwise inclusion, and it “functions equivalently” to participant mean substitution and the more recently recommended multiple imputation methods of dealing with item-level missingness (Parent, 2013, p. 570).”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
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Authors: Parent, M. C.
Affiliations: University of Florida (US)
Corresponding author: Parent, Mike C.
ORCID: Parent, Mike C.
Venue: The Counseling Psychologist
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2012-05-10
Volume: 41
Issue: 4
Pages: 568-600
ISSN: 0011-0000 (ISSN-L)
1552-3861
DOI: 10.1177/0011000012445176
OpenAlex: W2169361290
Cited by: 685
References: 19
Citations by year: 2026: 61 · 2025: 58 · 2024: 74 · 2023: 62 · 2022: 71 · 2021: 63 · 2020: 69 · 2019: 54 · 2018: 32 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 34 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 1
FWCI: 22.34
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: The Counseling Psychologist (publishedVersion)
Topics: Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
Keywords: missing data handling, available case analysis, mean substitution, multiple imputation, counseling psychology research, simulation study, internal consistency, small sample size

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Handling Item-Level Missing Data: Simpler Is Just as Good

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