The Risk Principle in Action: What Have We Learned From 13,676 Offenders and 97 Correctional Programs?

Lowenkamp, Christopher T.; Latessa, Edward J.; Holsinger, Alexander M.

doi:10.1177/0011128705281747

Cited by 477Criminal Justice and Corrections AnalysisCriminal Justice and PenologyCrime Patterns and Interventions

The Risk Principle in Action: What Have We Learned From 13,676 Offenders and 97 Correctional Programs?

Lowenkamp, Christopher T., Latessa, Edward J., Holsinger, Alexander M.·2006·Crime & Delinquency

DOI 10.1177/0011128705281747

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Abstract

Over the recent past there have been several meta-analyses and primary studies that support the importance of the risk principle. Oftentimes these studies, particularly the meta-analyses, are limited in their ability to assess how the actual implementation of the risk principle by correctional agencies affects effectiveness in reducing recidivism. Furthermore, primary studies are typically limited to the assessment of one or two programs, which again limits the types of analyses conducted. This study, using data from two independent studies of 97 correctional programs, investigates how adherence to the risk principle by targeting offenders who are higher risk and varying length of stay and services by level of risk affects program effectiveness in reducing recidivism. Overall, this research indicates that for residential and nonresidential programs, adhering to the risk principle has a strong relationship with a program’s ability to reduce recidivism.

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Study findings have repeatedly shown that when low-risk offenders are brought into the justice system, the outcome is almost exclusively iatrogenic.
“Study findings have repeatedly shown that when low‐risk offenders are brought into the justice system, the outcome is almost exclusively iatrogenic (e.g., Gatti, Tremblay, & Vitaro, 2009; Lowenkamp, Latessa, & Holsinger, 2006; Nagin, Cullen, & Jonson, 2009; Sperber, Latessa, & Makarios, 2013).”
From Does contact with the justice system deter or promote future delinquency? Results from a longitudinal study of British adolescent twins (2020) · cites this paper as Lowenkamp, Latessa, & Holsinger, 2006

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Authors: Lowenkamp, C. T., Latessa, E. J., & Holsinger, A. M.
Affiliations: University of Cincinnati (US)
University of Missouri–Kansas City (US)
ORCID: Lowenkamp, Christopher T.
Venue: Crime & Delinquency
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2006-01
Volume: 52
Issue: 1
Pages: 77-93
ISSN: 0011-1287 (ISSN-L)
1552-387X
DOI: 10.1177/0011128705281747
OpenAlex: W2023265936
Cited by: 473
References: 34
Citations by year: 2026: 10 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 20 · 2023: 13 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 42 · 2019: 28 · 2018: 24 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 29 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 50 · 2012: 30
FWCI: 29.15
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Crime & Delinquency (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Criminal Justice and Corrections Analysis
Social Sciences › Law › Criminal Justice and Penology
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Keywords: risk principle, recidivism reduction, correctional programs, length of hospital stay, residential programs, program effectiveness

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The Risk Principle in Action: What Have We Learned From 13,676 Offenders and 97 Correctional Programs?

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