Measuring Social Desirability: Short Forms of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale
Abstract
A practical difficulty with the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale (SDS) is its length. Preferring a shorter measure of social desirability, researchers have devised a number of short forms of the SDS. The present study used confirmatory factor analysis to establish the adequacy of these subscales in measuring social desirability. Results showed that (a) of the six short forms of SDS considered two models (XI and X2) provide the best measures of social desirability, (b) improved measures of all of the models can be constructed, and (c) improved measures of the dimensions, denial and attribution, thought to measure the latent construct of social approval can also be constructed.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The MC-10 has shown high internal consistency (α = .88), high correlation with the original full scale (r = .96), and has been proposed as a significant improvement over the original scale and other short forms in psychology undergraduates.
“The MC-10 has shown high internal consistency ( α = .88), high correlation with the original full scale ( r = .96), and has been proposed as a significant improvement over the original scale and other short forms when tested in a sample of psychology university undergraduates (Fischer and Fick 1993).”
From Development and Validation of the Equanimity Scale-16 (2021) · cites this paper as Fischer and Fick 1993
Cites
Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.88.3.588 · Cited by 19,266 · see citing works
A new scale of social desirability independent of psychopathology.
Crowne, D. P., & Marlowe, D. (1960) · Journal of Consulting Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0047358 · Cited by 8,686 · see citing works
Two-component models of socially desirable responding.
Paulhus, D. L. (1984) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.46.3.598 · Cited by 3,013 · see citing works
Short, homogeneous versions of the Marlow-Crowne Social Desirability Scale
Strahan, R. F., & Gerbasi, K. C. (1972) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(197204)28:2 · Cited by 1,652 · see citing works
Millham, J. (1974) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(74)90028-2 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Ramanaiah, N. V., Schill, T. R., & Leung, L. S. (1977) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/0092-6566(77)90022-8 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
On the Two-Dimensional Nature of the Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale
Ramanaiah, N. V., & Martin, H. J. (1980) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa4405_11 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Development of reliable and valid short forms of the Marlowe - Crowne Social Desirability Scale
Reynolds, W. M. (1982) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/1097-4679(198201)38:1
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The Development and Validation of a Scale to Measure Self-Compassion
NEFF, K. D. (2003) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860309027 · Cited by 6,436 · see citing works
Methods and Data Analysis for Cross-Cultural Research
van de Vijver, F. J. R., & Leung, K. Y. (2021) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781107415188 · Cited by 2,611 · see citing works
Reputation as a sufficient condition for data quality on Amazon Mechanical Turk
Peer, E., Vosgerau, J., & Acquisti, A. (2014) · Behavior Research Methods · doi:10.3758/s13428-013-0434-y · Cited by 1,618 · see citing works
Testing and Controlling for Common Method Variance: A Review of Available Methods
Tehseen, S., Ramayah, T., & Sajilan, S. (2017) · Journal of Management Sciences · doi:10.20547/jms.2014.1704202 · Cited by 1,380 · see citing works
Measuring the self-stigma associated with seeking psychological help
Vogel, D. L., Wade, N. G., & Haake, S. (2006) · Journal of Counseling Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-0167.53.3.325 · Cited by 1,190 · see citing works
Development and initial validation of the COVID Stress Scales
Taylor, S., Landry, C. A., Paluszek, M. M., Fergus, T. A., McKay, D., & Asmundson, G. J. G. (2020) · Journal of Anxiety Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.janxdis.2020.102232 · Cited by 1,169 · see citing works
Subar, A. F. (2003) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwg092 · Cited by 1,070 · see citing works
Controlling social desirability bias
Larson, R. B. (2018) · International Journal of Market Research · doi:10.1177/1470785318805305 · Cited by 662 · see citing works
Being good by doing good: Daily eudaimonic activity and well-being
Steger, M. F., Kashdan, T. B., & Oishi, S. (2008) · Journal of Research in Personality · doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.03.004 · Cited by 626 · see citing works
Aelterman, N., Vansteenkiste, M., Haerens, L., Soenens, B., Fontaine, J. R. J., & Reeve, J. (2019) · Journal of Educational Psychology · doi:10.1037/edu0000293 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Ethics Programs, Perceived Corporate Social Responsibility and Job Satisfaction
Valentine, S. R., & Fleischman, G. M. (2007) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-006-9306-z · Cited by 611 · see citing works
A re-examination of socially responsible consumption and its measurement
Webb, D. J., Mohr, L. A., & Harris, K. E. (2007) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2007.05.007 · Cited by 613 · see citing works
The impact of supply chain structure on the use of supplier socially responsible practices
Awaysheh, A., & Klassen, R. D. (2010) · International Journal of Operations & Production Management · doi:10.1108/01443571011094253 · Cited by 556 · see citing works
Neff, K. D., & Pommier, E. (2013) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2011.649546 · Cited by 651 · see citing works
Selective orienting of attention to masked threat faces in social anxiety
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(02)00017-7 · Cited by 480 · see citing works
Mogg, K., Millar, N., & Bradley, B. P. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.109.4.695 · Cited by 478 · see citing works
Mogg, K., Millar, N., & Bradley, B. (2000) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037//0021-843x.109.4.695 · Cited by 515 · see citing works
Raineri, N., & Paillé, P. (2015) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-015-2548-x · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Measuring Teachers’ enjoyment, anger, and anxiety: The Teacher Emotions Scales (TES)
Frenzel, A. C., Pekrun, R. H., Goetz, T., Daniels, L. M., Durksen, T. L., Becker-Kurz, B., & Klassen, R. M. (2016) · Contemporary Educational Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.cedpsych.2016.05.003 · Cited by 440 · see citing works
The interplay of strategic and internal green marketing orientation on competitive advantage
Papadas, K. A., Avlonitis, G. J., Carrigan, M., & Piha, L. P. (2018) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2018.07.009 · Cited by 387 · see citing works
Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (1999) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(98)00158-2 · Cited by 336 · see citing works
Orienting and maintenance of gaze to facial expressions in social anxiety
Garner, M., Mogg, K., & Bradley, B. P. (2006) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.115.4.760 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Chen, L., Yan, Z., Tang, W., Yang, F., Xie, X., & He, J. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2015.10.030 · Cited by 334 · see citing works
Weigold, A., Weigold, I. K., & Russell, E. J. (2013) · Psychological Methods · doi:10.1037/a0031607 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Measuring attentional bias to threat: reliability of dot probe and eye movement indices
Waechter, S., Nelson, A. L., Wright, C., Hyatt, A., & Oakman, J. (2014) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-013-9588-2 · Cited by 324 · see citing works
Psychosocial predictors of energy underreporting in a large doubly labeled water study
Tooze, J. A., Subar, A. F., Thompson, F. E., Troiano, R. P., Schatzkin, A. G., & Kipnis, V. (2004) · American Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1093/ajcn/79.5.795 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Depression, loneliness and Internet addiction: How important is low self-control?
Özdemir, Y., Kuzucu, Y., & Ak, Ş. (2014) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2014.02.009 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Valentine, S. R., Gódkin, L., Fleischman, G. M., & Kidwell, R. E. (2010) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-010-0554-6 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
Loo, R., & Thorpe, K. (2000) · The Journal of Social Psychology · doi:10.1080/00224540009600503 · Cited by 282 · see citing works
Common Method Variance and Specification Errors: A Practical Approach to Detection
Kline, T. J. B., Sulsky, L. M., & Rever-Moriyama, S. D. (2000) · The Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1080/00223980009598225 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Exercise duration and mood state: How much is enough to feel better?
Hansen, C. J., Stevens, L. C., & Coast, J. R. (2001) · Health Psychology · doi:10.1037/0278-6133.20.4.267 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Selective attention to threat: A test of two cognitive models of anxiety
Mogg, K., McNamara, J., Powys, M., Rawlinson, H., Seiffer, A., & Bradley, B. P. (2000) · Cognition & Emotion · doi:10.1080/026999300378888 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Perceived social media marketing activities and consumer-based brand equity
Koay, K. Y., Ong, D. L. T., Khoo, K. L., & Yeoh, H. J. (2020) · Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics · doi:10.1108/apjml-07-2019-0453 · Cited by 298 · see citing works
The Marlowe-Crowne Affair: Short Forms, Psychometric Structure, and Social Desirability
Barger, S. D. (2002) · Journal of Personality Assessment · doi:10.1207/s15327752jpa7902_11 · Cited by 224 · see citing works
Barnett, T., & Valentine, S. R. (2002) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/s0148-2963(02)00365-x · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Ethics Training and Businesspersons? Perceptions of Organizational Ethics
Valentine, S. R., & Fleischman, G. M. (2004) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-004-5591-6 · Cited by 207 · see citing works
Bardwell, W. A., Natarajan, L., Dimsdale, J. E., Rock, C. L., Mortimer, J. E., Hollenbach, K. A., & Pierce, J. P. (2006) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2005.02.0081 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Zafar, A. U., Shen, J., Ashfaq, M., & Shahzad, M. (2021) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102751 · Cited by 225 · see citing works
Leite, W. L., & Beretvas, S. N. (2004) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164404267285 · Cited by 200 · see citing works
Heeren, M., Wittmann, L., Ehlert, U., Schnyder, U., Maier, T., & Müller, J. (2014) · Comprehensive Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.02.003 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Mogg, K., Bradley, B., Dixon, C., Fisher, S., Twelftree, H., & McWilliams, A. (2000) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(99)00157-9 · Cited by 213 · see citing works
Newman, L. S., Duff, K. J., & Baumeister, R. F. (1997) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.72.5.980 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Ethics Code Awareness, Perceived Ethical Values, and Organizational Commitment
Valentine, S. R., & Barnett, T. (2003) · Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management · doi:10.1080/08853134.2003.10749009 · Cited by 184 · see citing works
Moral intensity, ethical decision making, and whistleblowing intention
Valentine, S. R., & Gódkin, L. (2019) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.01.009 · Cited by 196 · see citing works
Crisp, C. (2006) · Social Work · doi:10.1093/sw/51.2.115 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Marlowe–Crowne Social Desirability Scale and short Form C: Forensic norms
Andrews, P., & Meyer, R. G. (2003) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.10136 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Ren, S., Jiang, K., & Tang, G. (2022) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22079 · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Bornstein, M. H., Putnick, D. L., Lansford, J. E., Pastorelli, C., Skinner, A. T., Sorbring, E., Tapanya, S., Tirado, L. M. U., Zelli, A., Alampay, L. P., et al. (2014) · International Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1002/ijop.12084 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
The Wisdom Development Scale: Translating the Conceptual to the Concrete
Brown, S. C., & Greene, J. A. (2006) · Journal of college student development · doi:10.1353/csd.2006.0002 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Negative mood increases selective attention to food cues and subjective appetite
Hepworth, R., Mogg, K., Brignell, C. M., & Bradley, B. P. (2009) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2009.09.019 · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Do digital celebrities' relationships and social climate matter? Impulse buying in f-commerce
Zafar, A. U., Qiu, J., & Shahzad, M. (2020) · Internet Research · doi:10.1108/intr-04-2019-0142 · Cited by 176 · see citing works
Ethics Codes and Sales Professionals' Perceptions of Their Organizations' Ethical Values
Valentine, S. R., & Barnett, T. (2002) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1023/a:1020574217618 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Improving marketing success: The role of tacit knowledge exchange between sales and marketing
Arnett, D. B., & Wittmann, C. M. (2013) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2013.01.018 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Valentine, S. R., & Fleischman, G. M. (2007) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-007-9584-0 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
The Transgender Identity Survey: A Measure of Internalized Transphobia
Bockting, W. O., Miner, M. H., Romine, R. S., Dolezal, C. L., Robinson, B. “. E., Rosser, B. R. S., & Coleman, E. (2019) · LGBT Health · doi:10.1089/lgbt.2018.0265 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Antecedents and components of majority attitudes toward multiculturalism in the Netherlands
Breugelmans, S., & van de Vijver, F. (2004) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1464-0597.2004.00177.x · Cited by 152 · see citing works
Development and preliminary validation of a mental toughness inventory for Australian football
Gucciardi, D. F., Gordon, S., & Dimmock, J. A. (2008) · Psychology of sport and exercise · doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2008.07.011 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Social media influencer marketing: the moderating role of materialism
Koay, K. Y., Cheung, M. L., Soh, P. C.-H., & Teoh, C. W. (2022) · European Business Review · doi:10.1108/ebr-02-2021-0032 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
Larson, K. E., Pas, E. T., Bradshaw, C. P., Rosenberg, M. S., & Day‐Vines, N. L. (2018) · School Psychology Review · doi:10.17105/spr-2017-0070.v47-2 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Reliability among Senior Managers of the Marlowe–Crowne Short-Form Social Desirability Scale
Thompson, E. R., & Phua, F. T. T. (2005) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-005-4524-4 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Saving Face: Identifying Voter Responses to Black Candidates and Female Candidates
Krupnikov, Y., Piston, S., & Bauer, N. M. (2015) · Political Psychology · doi:10.1111/pops.12261 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Psychological and environmental empowerment: antecedents and consequences
Meyerson, S. L., & Kline, T. J. B. (2008) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/01437730810887049 · Cited by 127 · see citing works
National Culture and Social Desirability Bias in Measuring Public Service Motivation
Kim, S. H., & Kim, S. (2016) · Administration & Society · doi:10.1177/0095399713498749 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
The Polychronic—Monochronic Tendency Model
Lindquist, J. D., & Kaufman‐Scarborough, C. (2007) · Time & Society · doi:10.1177/0961463x07080270 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Loo, R., & Loewen, P. (2004) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.1559-1816.2004.tb01980.x · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Zafar, A. U., Shen, J., Shahzad, M., & Islam, T. (2020) · Sustainable Production and Consumption · doi:10.1016/j.spc.2020.11.020 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Perceived Organizational Ethics and the Ethical Decisions of Sales and Marketing Personnel
Valentine, S. R., & Barnett, T. (2007) · Journal of Personal Selling and Sales Management · doi:10.2753/pss0885-3134270407 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Anger, aggression, and self‐harm in PTSD and complex PTSD
Dyer, K. F. W., Dorahy, M. J., Hamilton, G., Corry, M., Shannon, M., MacSherry, A., McRobert, G., Elder, R., & McElhill, B. (2009) · Journal of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1002/jclp.20619 · Cited by 116 · see citing works
Arifin, W. N., & Yusoff, M. S. B. (2016) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244016650240 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
Entrepreneurial competencies and SMEs’ growth: the mediating role of network competence
Tehseen, S., Ahmed, F. U., Qureshi, Z. H., Uddin, M. J., & Ramayah, T. (2019) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration · doi:10.1108/apjba-05-2018-0084 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Huppert, J. D., Pasupuleti, R. V., Foa, E. B., & Mathews, A. (2007) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.01.006 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Wagner, A. C., Hart, T. A., McShane, K. E., Margolese, S., & Girard, T. A. (2014) · AIDS and Behavior · doi:10.1007/s10461-014-0834-8 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Development of the Cyberbullying Experiences Survey
Doane, A. N., Kelley, M. L., Chiang, E. S., & Padilla, M. A. (2013) · Emerging Adulthood · doi:10.1177/2167696813479584 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
Burge, S. K., White, D., Bajorek, E., Bazaldua, O. V., Treviño, J., Albright, T., Wright, F., & Cigarroa, L. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Raineri, N., & Paillé, P. (2016) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-016-3170-2 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Effects of Design in Web Surveys
Toepoel, V., Das, M., & van Soest, A. (2008) · Public Opinion Quarterly · doi:10.1093/poq/nfn060 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Lee, L. W. Y., Tang, Y., Yip, L. S. C., & Sharma, P. (2017) · Journal of Business Research · doi:10.1016/j.jbusres.2017.07.017 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Siepmann, C., & Kowalczuk, P. (2021) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-021-00458-3 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Consumers care and firms should too: On the benefits of disclosing supplier monitoring activities
Duan, Y., Hofer, C., & Aloysius, J. A. (2020) · Journal of Operations Management · doi:10.1002/joom.1129 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Adaptación y análisis psicométrico de la escala de deseabilidad social de Marlowe y Crowne
Ferrando, P. J., & Chico, E. (2000) · Psicothema · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Empirical Research About Same-Sex Intimate Partner Violence: A Methodological Review
Murray, C., & Mobley, A. (2009) · Journal of Homosexuality · doi:10.1080/00918360902728848 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
Attitudes of Japanese students toward people with intellectual disability
Horner‐Johnson, W., Keys, C. B., Henry, D. B., Yamaki, K., Oi, F., Watanabe, K., Shimada, H., & Fugjimura, I. (2002) · Journal of Intellectual Disability Research · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2788.2002.00406.x · Cited by 102 · see citing works
Tooze, J. A., Krebs-Smith, S. M., Troiano, R. P., & Subar, A. F. (2011) · European Journal of Clinical Nutrition · doi:10.1038/ejcn.2011.198 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Bourke, M. L., & Craun, S. W. (2014) · Sexual Abuse · doi:10.1177/1079063213509411 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Attitudes Toward Transgender Men and Women: Development and Validation of a New Measure
Billard, T. J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00387 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Left out of the office “tribe”: the influence of workplace ostracism on employee work engagement
Haldorai, K., Kim, W. G., Phetvaroon, K., & Li, J. (2020) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-04-2020-0285 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Halkitis, P. N., Parsons, J. T., Wolitski, R. J., & Remien, R. H. (2003) · AIDS Care · doi:10.1080/095401221000039798 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Moral Intensity, Issue Importance, and Ethical Reasoning in Operations Situations
Valentine, S. R., & Hollingworth, D. (2011) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-011-1107-3 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Jeon, L., Hur, E. H., & Buettner, C. K. (2016) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.jsp.2016.09.006 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Dyer, K. F. W., Bell, R., McCann, J., & Rauch, R. J. (2006) · Brain Injury · doi:10.1080/02699050601049312 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Williams, E. A., Pillai, R., Deptula, B. J., & Lowe, K. B. (2011) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2011.07.003 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Police Work, Burnout, and Pro-Organizational Behavior
Kohan, A., & Mazmanian, D. S. (2003) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/0093854803254432 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Dealing with social desirability bias: an application to charitable giving
Lee, Z., & Sargeant, A. (2011) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090561111119994 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Holloway, R. A., Waldrip, A. M., & Ickes, W. J. (2009) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0013883 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Cross-national differences in consumers’ willingness to pay (WTP) more for green hotels
Shehawy, Y. M., Agag, G., Alamoudi, H., Alharthi, M., Brown, A., Labben, T. G., & Abdelmoety, Z. H. S. (2023) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2023.103665 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Waechter, S., & Stolz, J. A. (2015) · Cognitive Therapy and Research · doi:10.1007/s10608-015-9670-z · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Having a weak versus strong sense of self: The sense of self scale (SOSS)
Flury, J. M., & Ickes, W. J. (2007) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298860601033208 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Managing the consumer-based brand equity process: A cross-cultural perspective
Chatzipanagiotou, K., Christodoulides, G., & Veloutsou, C. (2019) · International Business Review · doi:10.1016/j.ibusrev.2018.10.005 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Vilppu, H., Södervik, I., Postareff, L., & Murtonen, M. (2019) · Instructional Science · doi:10.1007/s11251-019-09496-z · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Role Conflict, Mindfulness, and Organizational Ethics in an Education-Based Healthcare Institution
Valentine, S. R., Gódkin, L., & Varca, P. E. (2009) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-009-0276-9 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
- Authors
- Fischer, D. G., & Fick, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Saskatchewan (CA)
- Venue
- Educational and Psychological Measurement
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1993-06
- Volume
- 53
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 417-424
- ISSN
- 0013-1644 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3888
- OpenAlex
- W2006331609
- Cited by
- 580
- References
- 8
- Citations by year
- 2026: 13 · 2025: 27 · 2024: 26 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 31 · 2020: 36 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 30 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 0.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Educational and Psychological Measurement (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Applied Psychology › Psychological Testing and Assessment
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Keywords
- social desirability, Marlowe-Crowne Social Desirability Scale, short form, scale length, factor structure, denial, attribution, social approval, psychometric validation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
