The crossover of burnout and work engagement among working couples
Open accessAbstract
The present study tested the hypothesis that burnout and work engagement may crossover from husbands to wives and vice versa. Data were collected among 323 couples working in a variety of occupations. The Job Demands-Resources model was used to simultaneously examine possible correlates of burnout and engagement for each partner separately. The results of a series of hierarchical regression analyses provide evidence for the crossover of burnout (exhaustion and cynicism) and work engagement (vigor and dedication) among partners. The crossover relationships were significant and about equally strong for both partners, after controlling for some important characteristics of the work and home environment. These findings expand previous crossover research, particularly by showing that positive experiences at work may be transferred to the home domain. We argue that the crossover of positive feelings among partners should be placed more prominently on the research agenda.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The behavior of energetic people can be contagious for the productivity of others in their immediate surroundings.
“At the same time, the behavior of energetic people can be contagious for the productivity of others in their immediate surroundings (Bakker et al. 2005).”
From Energy Management of People in Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda (2011) · cites this paper as Bakker et al. 2005
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Self-efficacy: The exercise of control
Bandura, A., Freeman, W. H., & Lightsey, R. (1999) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.13.2.158 · Cited by 46,835 · see citing works
The job demands-resources model of burnout.
Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., Nachreiner, F., & Schaufeli, W. B. (2001) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.86.3.499 · Cited by 13,643 · see citing works
Self-citationMaslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2001) · Annual Review of Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.397 · Cited by 12,852 · see citing works
Self-citationLazarus, R. S. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195069945.001.0001 · Cited by 12,691 · see citing works
Job demands, job resources, and their relationship with burnout and engagement: a multi‐sample study
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2004) · Journal of Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1002/job.248 · Cited by 9,297 · see citing works
Self-citationFredrickson, B. L. (2001) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037//0003-066x.56.3.218 · Cited by 3,512 · see citing works
Burnout and Engagement in University Students: A Cross-National Study
Schaufeli, W. B., Martínez, I. M., Pinto, A. M., Salanova, M., & Bakker, A. B. (2002) · Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology · doi:10.1177/0022022102033005003 · Cited by 3,418 · see citing works
Self-citationA meta-analytic examination of the correlates of the three dimensions of job burnout
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (1996) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.81.2.123 · Cited by 3,262 · see citing works
Schutte, N., Toppinen, S., Kalimo, R., & Schaufeli, W. (2000) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/096317900166877 · Cited by 732 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Item 4 (‘I just want to do my job and not be bothered’) was omitted, as suggested by Schaufeli and Van Dierendonck (2000) and Schutte et al. (2000) because it proved to be unsound.”
BackgroundSelf-citation
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 53
- Bakker, A.B. Flow among music teachers and their students: The crossover of peak experi- ences. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2005, 66, 26-44.
- Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E., De Boer, E. & Schaufeli, W.B. Job demands and job resources as predictors of absence duration and frequency. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 2003a, 62, 341-56.
- Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Schaufeli, W.B. The socially induced burnout model. In S.P. Shohov (Ed.), Advances in psychology research, Vol. 25. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2003b, pp. 13-30.
- Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E. & Schaufeli, W.B. Dual processes at work in a call centre: An application of the Job Demands-Resources model. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 2003c, 12, 393-417.
- Bakker, A.B., Demerouti, E., Taris, T., Schaufeli, W.B. & Schreurs, P. A multi-group analysis of the Job Demands-Resources model in four home care organizations. International Journal of Stress Management, 2003d, 10, 16-38.
- Bakker, A.B. & Geurts, S. Toward a dual-process model of work-home interference. Work & Occupations, 2004, 31, 345-66.
- Bakker, A.B., Le Blanc, P.M. & Schaufeli, W.B. Burnout contagion among intensive care nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing, in press.
- Bakker, A.B. & Schaufeli, W.B. Burnout contagion processes among teachers. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2000, 30, 2289-308.
- Bakker, A.B., Schaufeli, W.B., Sixma, H. & Bosveld, W. Burnout contagion among general practitioners. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 2001, 20, 82-98.
- Brown, S.P. A meta-analysis and review of organizational research on job involvement. Psychological Bulletin, 1996, 120, 235-55.
- Cordes, C.L. & Dougherty, T.W. A review and integration of research on job burnout. Academy of Management Review, 1993, 18, 621-56.
- Frone, M.R., Russell, M. & Cooper, M.L. Antecedents and outcomes of work-family conflict: Testing a model of the work-family interface. Journal of Applied Psychology, 1992, 77, 65-78.
- Gareis, K.C., Barnett, R.C. & Brennan, R.T. Individual and crossover effects of work schedule fit: A within-couple analysis. Journal of Marriage and Family, 2003, 65, 1041-54.
- Geurts, S.A.E. & Demerouti, E. The work-home interface: State-of-the-art and future research agenda. In M. Schabracq, J. Winnubst & C.L. Cooper (Eds), Handbook of work and health psychology. Chichester: Wiley, 2003, pp. 279-312.
- González-Romá, V., Schaufeli, W.B., Bakker A.B. & Lloret, S. Burnout and work engage- ment: Independent factors or opposite poles? Journal of Vocational Behavior, in press.
- Green, D.E., Walkey, F.H. & Taylor, A.J.W. The three-factor structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Journal of Social Behavior & Personality, 1991, 6, 453-72.
- Hackman, J.R. & Oldham, G.R. Work redesign. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley, 1980.
- Hammer, L.B., Allen, E. & Grigsby, T.D. Work-family conflict in dual-earner couples: Within individual and crossover effects of work and family. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 1997, 50, 185-203.
- Hatfield, E., Cacioppo, J. & Rapson, R. Emotional contagion. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1994.
- Jones, F. & Fletcher, B. Transmission of occupational stress: A study of daily fluctuations in work stress and strain and their impact on marital partners. In H. Schroder, K. Rescke, M. Johnston & S. Maes (Eds), Health psychology: Potential indiversity. Regens- burg: Roderer Verlag, 1993, pp. 328-38.
- Katz, J., Beach, S. & Joiner, T. Contagious depression in dating couples. Journal of Social and Clinical Psychology, 1999, 18, 1-13.
- Keinan, G., Sadeh, A. & Rosen, S. Attitudes and reaction to media coverage on terrorist acts. Journal of Community Psychology, 2003, 31, 149-68.
- Lanzetta, J.T., Sullivan, D.G., Masters, R.D. & Mchugo, G.J. Viewers' emotional and cognitive responses to televised images of political leaders. In S. Kraus & R. Perloff (Eds), Mass media and political thought. Beverly Hills, CA: Sage, 1985, pp. 85-116.
- Leiter, M.P. Burnout as a developmental process: Consideration of models. In W.B. Schaufeli, C. Maslach & T. Marek (Eds), Professional burnout: Recent developments in theory and research. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis, 1993, pp. 237-50.
- Levy, S., Freitas, A. & Salovey, P. Construing actions abstractly and blurring social distinc- tions: Implications for perceiving homogeneity among, but also empathizing with helping others. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 2002, 83, 1224-38.
- Llorens, S., Salanova, M., Bakker, A.B. & Schaufeli, W.B. Does a positive gain spiral of resources, efficacy beliefs and engagement exist? Computers in Human Behavior, in press.
- Maslach, C. & Jackson, S.E. Maslach Burnout Inventory, 2nd edn. Palo Alto, CA: Consult- ing Psychologists Press, 1986.
- Maslach, C., Jackson, S.E. & Leiter, M.P. Maslach Burnout Inventory. Manual, 3rd edn. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1996.
- Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W.B. & Leiter, M.P. Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 2001, 52, 397-422.
- Montgomery, A.J., Peeters, M.C.W., Schaufeli, W.B. & Den Ouden, M. Work-home inter- ference among newspaper managers: Its relationship with burnout and engagement. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 2003, 16, 195-211.
- Organ D.W. & Paine, J.B. A new kind of performance for industrial and organizational psychology: Recent contributions to the study of organizational citizenship behavior. In C.L. Cooper & I.T. Robertson (Eds), International review of industrial and organiz- ational psychology, Vol. 14. Chichester: Wiley, 1999, pp. 337-68.
- Parasuraman, S., Purohit, Y.S. & Godschalk, V.M. Role stressors, social support and well- being among two-career couples. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1992, 13, 339-56.
- Pavett, C.M. High-stress professions: Satisfaction, stress, and well-being of spouses of professionals. Human Relations, 1986, 39, 1141-54.
- Pearlin, L.I. & Turner, H.A. The family as a context of the stress process. In S.V. Kasl & C. Cooper (Eds), Stress and health: Issues in research methodology. New York: Wiley, 1987, pp. 143-65.
- Peeters, M.C.W., Montgomery, A., Bakker, A.B. & Schaufeli, W.B. Balancing work and home: How job and home demands are related to burnout. International Journal of Stress Management, 2005, 12, 43-61.
- Rook, S.K., Dooley, D. & Catalano, R. Stress transmission: The effects of husbands' job stressors on emotional health of their wives. Journal of Marriage and the Family, 1991, 53, 165-77.
- Schaufeli, W.B. & Bakker, A.B. Werk en welbevinden: Naar een positieve benadering in de Arbeids-en Gezondheidspsychologie [Work and well-being: Towards a positive occu- pational health psychology]. Gedrag & Organisatie, 2001, 14, 229-53.
- Schaufeli, W.B. & Buunk, B.P. Burnout: An overview of 25 years of research and theoriz- ing. In M.J. Schabracq, J.A.M. Winnubst & C.L. Cooper (Eds), Handbook of work and health psychology. Chichester: Wiley, 2003, pp. 383-425.
- Schaufeli, W.B. & Enzmann, D. The burnout companion to study and practice: A critical analysis. London: Taylor & Francis, 1998.
- Schaufeli, W.B., Leiter, M.P., Maslach, C. & Jackson, S.E. The Maslach Burnout Inventory -General Survey. In C. Maslach, S.E. Jackson & M.P. Leiter (Eds), Maslach Burnout Inventory. Manual, 3rd edn. Palo Alto, CA: Consulting Psychologists Press, 1996.
- Schaufeli, W.B., Salanova, M., González-Romá, V. & Bakker, A.B. The measurement of engagement and burnout: A confirmative analytic approach. Journal of Happiness Studies, 2002b, 3, 71-92.
- Schaufeli, W.B., Taris, T., Le Blanc, P., Peeters, M., Bakker, A.B. & De Jonge, J. Maakt arbeid gezond? Op zoek naar de bevlogen werknemer [Does work cause health? The quest for the engaged worker]. De Psycholoog, 2001, 36, 422-8.
- Seligman, M.E.P. & Csikszentmihalyi, M. Positive psychology: An introduction. American Psychologist, 2000, 55, 5-14.
- Sonnentag, S. Recovery, work engagement, and proactive behavior. A new look at the inter- face between non-work and work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2003, 88, 518-28.
- Starcevic, V. & Piontek, C.M. Empathic understanding revisited: Conceptualization, controversies, and limitations. American Journal of Psychotherapy, 1997, 51, 317-28.
- Stotland, E. Exploratory investigations of empathy. In L. Berkowitz (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology, Vol. 4. New York: Academic Press, 1969, pp. 271-314.
- Vinokur, A., Price, R.H. & Caplan, R.D. Hard times and hurtful partners: How financial strain affects depression and relationship satisfaction of unemployed persons and their spouses. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 1996, 71, 166-79.
- Westman, M. Stress and strain crossover. Human Relations, 2001, 54, 557-91.
- Westman, M. & Etzion, D. Crossover of stress, strain and resources from one spouse to another. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 1995, 16, 169-81.
- Westman, M. & Etzion, D. The crossover of strain from school principals to teachers and vice versa. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 1999, 4, 269-78.
- Westman, M., Etzion, D. & Horovitz, S. The toll of unemployment does not stop with the unemployed. Human Relations, 2004a, 57, 823-44.
- Westman, M. & Vinokur, A. Unraveling the relationship of distress levels within couples: Common stressors, emphatic reactions, or crossover via social interactions? Human Relations, 1998, 51, 137-56.
- Westman, M., Vinokur, A.D., Hamilton, V.L. & Roziner, I. Crossover of marital dissatis- faction during downsizing: A study of Russian army officers and their spouses. Journal of Applied Psychology, 2004b, 89, 769-79.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J.-P., & Westman, M. (2018) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640 · Cited by 5,781 · see citing works
Burnout and work engagement: the JD–R approach.
Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Sanz-Vergel, A. I. (2014) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-031413-091235 · Cited by 2,486 · see citing works
Self-citationSalanova, M., Agut, S., & Peiró, J. M. (2005) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.6.1217 · Cited by 2,276 · see citing works
Hakanen, J. J., Schaufeli, W. B., & Ahola, K. (2008) · Work & Stress · doi:10.1080/02678370802379432 · Cited by 1,432 · see citing works
Self-citationThe commerce and crossover of resources: resource conservation in the service of resilience
Chen, S., Westman, M., & Hobfoll, S. E. (2015) · Stress and Health · doi:10.1002/smi.2574 · Cited by 404 · see citing works
Job control and burnout: a meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model
Park, H. I., Jacob, A. C., Wagner, S. H., & Baiden, M. (2014) · Applied Psychology · doi:10.1111/apps.12008 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Energy Management of People in Organizations: A Review and Research Agenda
Schippers, M. C., & Hogenes, R. (2011) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-011-9217-6 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Liu, J., Cho, S., & Putra, E. D. (2017) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-10-2015-0539 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Liu, L., Fathi, J., Allahveysi, S. P., & Kamran, K. (2023) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1137357 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Employee Burnout and Health: Current Knowledge and Future Research Paths
Shirom, A. (2010) · Contemporary Occupational Health Psychology · doi:10.1002/9780470661550.ch4 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
- Authors
- Bakker, A. B., Demerouti, E., & Schaufeli, W. B.
- Affiliations
- Utrecht University (NL)
- Venue
- Human Relations
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2005-05
- Volume
- 58
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 661-689
- ISSN
- 0018-7267 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-282X
- OpenAlex
- W2164182910
- Cited by
- 481
- References
- 9
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 30 · 2022: 26 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 35 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 23 · 2017: 25 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 21 · 2014: 35 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 15.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- dspace.library.uu.nl
- Locations
- Human Relations (publishedVersion)
- TU/e Research Portal (publishedVersion)
- Utrecht University Repository (Utrecht University) (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- TU/e Research Portal (submittedVersion)
- EUR Research Repository (Erasmus University Rotterdam) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Work-Family Balance Challenges
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Stress and Burnout Research
- Keywords
- burnout, work engagement, crossover effects, working couples, spouses, job demands-resources model, exhaustion, cynicism, vigor, dedication, occupational stress
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review