The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Cross-Cultural Study of the Affective Meanings of Color
Abstract
Color data from the Osgood et al. 23-culture semantic differential study of affective meanings reveal cross-cultural similarities in feelings about colors. The concept RED is affectively quite salient. BLACK and GREY are bad, and WHITE, BLUE, and GREEN are good. YELLOW, WHITE, and GREY are weak; RED and BLACK are strong. BLACK and GREY are passive; RED is active. The color component Brightness, as determined by comparing data on WHITE, GREY, and BLACK, is strongly associated with positive Evaluation, but also with negative Potency. Eighty-nine previous studies of color and affect were analyzed. They generally support these findings, and, together with the fact that there are very few exceptions in our data or the literature, lead one to believe that there are strong universal trends in the attribution of affect in the color domain.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Guilford, J. P., & Smith, P. C. (1959) · The American Journal of Psychology · doi:10.2307/1419491 · Cited by 264
Wright, B., & Rainwater, L. (1962) · The Journal of General Psychology · doi:10.1080/00221309.1962.9711531 · Cited by 168
Cited by
Managing Images in Different Cultures: A Cross-National Study of Color Meanings and Preferences
Madden, T. J., Hewett, K., & Roth, M. S. (2000) · Journal of International Marketing · doi:10.1509/jimk.8.4.90.19795 · Cited by 607
Emotional design in multimedia learning: Effects of shape and color on affect and learning
Plass, J. L., Heidig, S., Hayward, E. O., Homer, B. D., & Um, E. (2014) · Learning and Instruction · doi:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2013.02.006 · Cited by 550
Colour appeal in website design within and across cultures: A multi-method evaluation
Cyr, D., Head, M., & Larios, H. (2010) · International Journal of Human-Computer Studies · doi:10.1016/j.ijhcs.2009.08.005 · Cited by 511
The impact of colour on Website appeal and users’ cognitive processes
Bonnardel, N., Piolat, A., & Le Bigot, L. (2011) · Displays · doi:10.1016/j.displa.2010.12.002 · Cited by 216
Spence, C., & Velasco, C. (2018) · Food Quality and Preference · doi:10.1016/j.foodqual.2018.03.008 · Cited by 177
Metadata
- Authors
- Adams, F. M., & Osgood, C. E.
- Venue
- Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1973-06
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 135-156
- ISSN
- 0022-0221 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-5422
- OpenAlex
- W2117379956
- Cited by
- 846
- References
- 2
- FWCI
- 3.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: A Cross-Cultural Study of the Affective Meanings of Color. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/002202217300400201
- The paper
- Adams, F. M., & Osgood, C. E. (1973). A Cross-Cultural Study of the Affective Meanings of Color. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1177/002202217300400201
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
