Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 4,943

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 7 of the 7 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Evaluating Service Encounters: The Effects of Physical Surroundings and Employee Responses

Bitner, Mary Jo·1990·Journal of Marketing

Abstract

For consumers, evaluation of a service firm often depends on evaluation of the “service encounter” or the period of time when the customer interacts directly with the firm. Knowledge of the factors that influence customer evaluations in service encounters is therefore critical, particularly at a time when general perceptions of service quality are declining. The author presents a model for understanding service encounter evaluation that synthesizes consumer satisfaction, services marketing, and attribution theories. A portion of the model is tested experimentally to assess the effects of physical surroundings and employee responses (explanations and offers to compensate) on attributions and satisfaction in a service failure context.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/002224299005400206

Cites

7 of 7 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Research works printed but not linked: 58

  1. Baker Julie, 1987, The Services Challenge: Integrating for Competitive Advantage, 79
  2. Berry Leonard L., 1981, Journal of Retail Banking, 3, 33
  3. Berry Leonard L., 1983, Emerging Perspectives on Services Marketing, 25
  4. 10.1177/014616728281015 · DOI
  5. 10.1177/002224299005400105 · DOI · Paper page
  6. Booms Bernard H., 1981, Marketing of Services, 47
  7. 10.1177/001088048202300107 · DOI · Paper page
  8. Bowen David E., 1988, Research in Organizational Behavior, 10
  9. Carlsmith J. Merrill, 1976, Methods of Research in Social Psychology.
  10. 10.1177/002224378201900410 · DOI · Paper page
  11. Clemmer Elizabeth C., 1989, Designing a Winning Service Strategy, 87
  12. Cook T. C., 1979, Quasi-Experimentation: Design and Analysis Issues for Field Settings.
  13. 10.1037/0021-9010.71.2.179 · DOI
  14. 10.1177/002224378702400408 · DOI · Paper page
  15. 10.1086/224256 · DOI
  16. 10.1086/208978 · DOI · Paper page
  17. 10.1086/209135 · DOI · Paper page
  18. 10.1086/209086 · DOI · Paper page
  19. 10.1037/h0025000 · DOI
  20. 10.1108/EUM0000000004784 · DOI
  21. 10.1146/annurev.ps.35.020184.002235 · DOI · Paper page
  22. Heskett James L., 1987, Harvard Business Review, 87, 118
  23. Koepp Stephen, 1987, Time, 28
  24. Krishnan S., 1979, Advances in Consumer Research, 6, 445
  25. Langeard Eric, 1981, “Services Marketing: New Insights from Consumers and Managers,”
  26. 10.1080/00223980.1956.9713000 · DOI
  27. McCarthy E. Jerome, 1987, Basic Marketing
  28. 10.1037/0022-3514.43.5.937 · DOI · Paper page
  29. Mehrabian A., 1974, An Approach to Environmental Psychology.
  30. 10.1086/209131 · DOI
  31. Oliver Richard L., 1982, New Findings in Consumer Satisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 11
  32. 10.1177/002224298504900403 · DOI · Paper page
  33. Parasuraman A., 1988, Journal of Retailing, 64, 12
  34. 10.1086/209039 · DOI
  35. 10.1037/0022-3514.50.6.1123 · DOI
  36. 10.1037/0033-2909.85.1.185 · DOI · Paper page
  37. 10.1037/0022-3514.42.6.1137 · DOI · Paper page
  38. 10.1086/208604 · DOI
  39. Sawyer Alan G., 1977, Contemporary Marketing Thought, 191
  40. Schneider Benjamin, 1988, Quality in Services
  41. 10.1177/002224297704100219 · DOI · Paper page
  42. Shostack G. Lynn, 1984, Harvard Business Review, 62, 133
  43. Shostack G. Lynn, 1985, The Service Encounter, 243
  44. 10.1177/002224298705100103 · DOI · Paper page
  45. 10.1080/02642068500000006 · DOI
  46. 10.1177/002224298504900110 · DOI · Paper page
  47. 10.1037/0033-2909.99.3.407 · DOI
  48. Surprenant Carol F., 1984, Advances in Consumer Research, 11, 122
  49. 10.2307/1251131 · DOI · Paper page
  50. Swan John, 1983, International Fare in Consumer Satisfaction and Complaining Behavior, 124
  51. 10.1177/002224378802500209 · DOI
  52. Valle Valerie A., 1977, Consumer Satisfaction, Dissatisfaction, and Complaining Behavior, 26
  53. 10.1037/0022-3514.39.2.186 · DOI · Paper page
  54. 10.1037/0033-2909.97.1.74 · DOI · Paper page
  55. 10.1177/002224298004400410 · DOI
  56. 10.1177/002224298805200302 · DOI · Paper page
  57. 10.1177/002224298805200203 · DOI · Paper page
  58. 10.1177/002224298504900203 · DOI

Cited by

See all 4,943

Metadata

Authors
Bitner, M. J.
Venue
Journal of Marketing
Published
1990-04
Volume
54
Issue
2
Pages
69-82
ISSN
  • 0022-2429 (ISSN-L)
  • 1547-7185
OpenAlex
W2043947871
Cited by
4,943
References
7
FWCI
35.10
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.