Cited by 106Psychometric Methodologies and TestingSurvey Methodology and NonresponseEconomic and Environmental Valuation

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Determinants of Scale Response: Label versus Position

Wildt, Albert R., Mazis, Michael B.·1978·Journal of Marketing Research

DOI 10.1177/002224377801500209

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Abstract

Two determinants of scale response—the denotative meaning of the adjective labels used and the location of the labels in relation to scale endpoints—were investigated. On the basis of the procedures used, both label and location were found to have an impact on subject response. Estimation of a mixing parameter for the two factors permits comparison of their relative effects across different scales.

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Three-Point Likert Scales Are Good Enough
Jacoby, J., & Matell, M. S. (1971) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.2307/3150242 · Cited by 457
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Show all 9 references

Research works printed but not linked: 6

BartramPeter, and YieldingDavid. “The Development of an Empirical Method of Selecting Phrases Used in Verbal Rating Scales: A Report on a Recent Experiment,” Journal of the Market Research Society, 15(July 1973), 151–6.
BrownGordon, and CopelandTony, and MillwardMaurice. “Monadic Testing of New Products—An Old Problem and Some Partial Solutions,” Journal of the Market Research Society, 15(April 1973), 112–31.
CliffNorman, “The Relation of Adverb-Adjective Combinations to Their Components,” unpublished doctoral dissertation, Princeton University, 1956.
10.1177/002224377100800414 · DOI
VidaliJoseph J., “Context Effects on Scaled Evaluatory Adjective Meaning,” Journal of the Market Research Society, 17(January 1975), 215.
WorcesterRobert M., and BurnsTimothy R., “A Statistical Examination of the Relative Precision of Verbal Scales,” Journal of the Market Research Society, 17(July 1975), 181–97.

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Authors: Wildt, A. R., & Mazis, M. B.
Affiliations: University of Florida (US)
Federal Trade Commission (US)
Venue: Journal of Marketing Research
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 1978-05
Volume: 15
Issue: 2
Pages: 261-267
ISSN: 0022-2437 (ISSN-L)
1547-7193
DOI: 10.1177/002224377801500209
OpenAlex: W2327727947
Cited by: 105
References: 9
Citations by year: 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
FWCI: 2.17
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Marketing Research (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Economic and Environmental Valuation
Keywords: denotative meaning, scale design, rating scales

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Determinants of Scale Response: Label versus Position

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