The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Commentary: Testing the General Theory of Crime
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Testing the Core Empirical Implications of Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory of Crime
GRASMICK, H. G., TITTLE, C. R., BURSIK, R. J., & ARNEKLEV, B. J. (1993) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427893030001002 · Cited by 2,269
Age and the Explanation of Crime
Hirschi, T., & Gottfredson, M. (1983) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/227905 · Cited by 2,030
Self-citationCrime and Deviance over the Life Course: The Salience of Adult Social Bonds
Sampson, R. J., & Laub, J. H. (1990) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095859 · Cited by 1,026
Drinking and Driving, Self-Control, and Gender: Testing a General Theory of Crime
KEANE, C., MAXIM, P. S., & TEEVAN, J. J. (1993) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427893030001003 · Cited by 353
Self-control as a general theory of crime
Akers, R. L. (1991) · Journal of Quantitative Criminology · doi:10.1007/bf01268629 · Cited by 345
BENSON, M. L., & MOORE, E. (1992) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427892029003001 · Cited by 277
THE METHODOLOGICAL ADEQUACY OF LONGITUDINAL RESEARCH ON CRIME*
GOTTFREDSON, M., & HIRSCHI, T. (1987) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1987.tb00812.x · Cited by 245
Self-citationHIRSCHI, T., & GOTTFREDSON, M. (1987) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.1987.tb00827.x · Cited by 182
Self-citationWhite-Collar Crime and Criminal Careers: Some Preliminary Findings
Weisburd, D. L., Chayet, E. F., & Waring, E. J. (1990) · Crime & Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0011128790036003003 · Cited by 78
Procedural Rules and the Study of Deviant Behavior
Hirschi, T. (1973) · Social Problems · doi:10.2307/799537 · Cited by 37
Self-citation
Cited by
Surveillance and System Avoidance: Criminal Justice Contact and Institutional Attachment
Brayne, S. (2014) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.1177/0003122414530398 · Cited by 538
VAZSONYI, A. T., PICKERING, L. E., JUNGER, M., & HESSING, D. (2001) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427801038002001 · Cited by 464
LOW SELF‐CONTROL, ROUTINE ACTIVITIES, AND FRAUD VICTIMIZATION*
HOLTFRETER, K., REISIG, M. D., & PRATT, T. C. (2008) · Criminology · doi:10.1111/j.1745-9125.2008.00101.x · Cited by 375
Pratt, T. C., Turner, M. G., & Piquero, A. R. (2004) · Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency · doi:10.1177/0022427803260270 · Cited by 327
Fostering and Measuring Skills: Interventions That Improve Character and Cognition
Heckman, J., & Kautz, T. (2013) · doi:10.3386/w19656 · Cited by 311
Metadata
- Authors
- HIRSCHI, T., & GOTTFREDSON, M.
- Venue
- Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1993-02
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 47-54
- ISSN
- 0022-4278 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-731X
- OpenAlex
- W2131124269
- Cited by
- 435
- References
- 11
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Commentary: Testing the General Theory of Crime. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/0022427893030001004
- The paper
- HIRSCHI, T., & GOTTFREDSON, M. (1993). Commentary: Testing the General Theory of Crime. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022427893030001004
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
