The Measurement of Destination Image: An Empirical Assessment
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to carefully examine the concept of destination image with the goal of designing more appropriate and rigorous techniques for its measurement. A framework is presented which suggests that to completely measure destination image, several components must be captured. These include attribute-based images, holistic impressions, and functional, psychological, unique and common characteristics. It is proposed that a combination of structured and unstructured methodologies is necessary to measure destination image as envisaged in the conceptual framework. A series of openended questions and scale items are developed and are shown to successfully capture all of the components of destination image.
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Evaluations of destination image could be influenced by prior experiences and/or repeat visitations.
“Fifth, evaluations of destination image could be influenced by prior experiences and/or repeat visitations (Echtner & Ritchie, 1993).”
From The impact of tourism mini-movies on destination image: The influence of travel motivation and advertising disclosure (2017) · cites this paper as Echtner & Ritchie, 1993
Cites
A Paradigm for Developing Better Measures of Marketing Constructs
Churchill, G. A. (1979) · Journal of Marketing Research · doi:10.1177/002224377901600110 · Cited by 16,549 · see citing works
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Prayag, G., Hosany, S., Muskat, B., & Del Chiappa, G. (2017) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/0047287515620567 · Cited by 924 · see citing works
Tourism, Terrorism, and Political Instability
Sönmez, S. F. (1998) · Annals of Tourism Research · doi:10.1016/s0160-7383(97)00093-5 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Measurement of Korean tourists’ perceived images of overseas destinations
Chen, J. S., & Hsu, C. H. C. (2000) · Journal of Travel Research · doi:10.1177/004728750003800410 · Cited by 249 · see citing works
Influencer Marketing for Tourism Destinations: Lessons from a Mature Destination
Femenia-Serra, F., & Gretzel, U. (2020) · Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2020 · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-36737-4_6 · Cited by 118 · see citing works
Gong, T., & Tung, V. W. S. (2017) · Journal of Travel & Tourism Marketing · doi:10.1080/10548408.2016.1182458 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Benítez-Márquez, M. D., Bermúdez-González, G., Sánchez-Teba, E. M., & Cruz-Ruiz, E. (2021) · Mathematics · doi:10.3390/math9111218 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
- Authors
- Echtner, C. M., & Ritchie, J. R. B.
- Venue
- Journal of Travel Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1993-04
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 3-13
- ISSN
- 0047-2875 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6763
- OpenAlex
- W2070787446
- Cited by
- 1,847
- References
- 1
- Citations by year
- 2026: 76 · 2025: 60 · 2024: 72 · 2023: 83 · 2022: 88 · 2021: 112 · 2020: 103 · 2019: 88 · 2018: 72 · 2017: 83 · 2016: 106 · 2015: 94 · 2014: 101 · 2013: 95 · 2012: 85
- FWCI
- 10.15
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Travel Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Diverse Aspects of Tourism Research
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Culinary Culture and Tourism
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › European Cultural and National Identity
- Keywords
- destination image, destination image measurement, destination attributes, scale development, open-ended questions
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