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An Empirical Evaluation of the Use of Fixed Cutoff Points in RMSEA Test Statistic in Structural Equation Models

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Feinian Chen, Curran, Patrick J., Bollen, Kenneth A., Kirby, James, Paxton, Pamela·2008·Sociological Methods & Research

DOI 10.1177/0049124108314720PMC PMC2743032

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Abstract

This article is an empirical evaluation of the choice of fixed cutoff points in assessing the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA) test statistic as a measure of goodness-of-fit in Structural Equation Models. Using simulation data, the authors first examine whether there is any empirical evidence for the use of a universal cutoff, and then compare the practice of using the point estimate of the RMSEA alone versus that of using it jointly with its related confidence interval. The results of the study demonstrate that there is little empirical support for the use of .05 or any other value as universal cutoff values to determine adequate model fit, regardless of whether the point estimate is used alone or jointly with the confidence interval. The authors' analyses suggest that to achieve a certain level of power or Type I error rate, the choice of cutoff values depends on model specifications, degrees of freedom, and sample size.

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Authors: Chen, F., Curran, P. J., Bollen, K. A., Kirby, J., & Paxton, P.
Affiliations: North Carolina State University (US)
University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (US)
The Ohio State University (US)
ORCID: Curran, Patrick J.
Bollen, Kenneth A.
Kirby, James
Paxton, Pamela
Venue: Sociological Methods & Research
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2008-05
Volume: 36
Issue: 4
Pages: 462-494
ISSN: 0049-1241 (ISSN-L)
1552-8294
DOI: 10.1177/0049124108314720
PMC: PMC2743032
OpenAlex: W2098563832
Cited by: 1,538
References: 35
Citations by year: 2026: 99 · 2025: 116 · 2024: 115 · 2023: 124 · 2022: 124 · 2021: 112 · 2020: 99 · 2019: 95 · 2018: 107 · 2017: 85 · 2016: 72 · 2015: 75 · 2014: 78 · 2013: 59 · 2012: 56
FWCI: 62.04
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Sociological Methods & Research (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (K01HD047369)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Distribution Estimation and Applications
Keywords: RMSEA, cut-off values, model fit indices, goodness of fit, structural equation modeling, confidence intervals, type I error, statistical power, sample size, degrees of freedom

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An Empirical Evaluation of the Use of Fixed Cutoff Points in RMSEA Test Statistic in Structural Equation Models

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