How paranoid are conspiracy believers? Toward a more fine-grained understanding of the connect and disconnect between paranoia and belief in conspiracy theories

Imhoff, Roland; Lamberty, Pia

doi:10.1002/ejsp.2494

Cited by 267Misinformation and Its ImpactsSocial and Intergroup PsychologyParanormal Experiences and Beliefs

How paranoid are conspiracy believers? Toward a more fine-grained understanding of the connect and disconnect between paranoia and belief in conspiracy theories

Imhoff, Roland, Lamberty, Pia·2018·European Journal of Social Psychology

DOI 10.1002/ejsp.2494

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Abstract

Public discourse and scholarly literature often make a strong connection between paranoid thought and belief in conspiracy theories. We report one meta‐analysis and two correlational studies across two distinct cultural contexts (total N = 578) to provide an estimate for their association but also evidence for their distinctiveness via a multi‐trait‐multi‐method approach. Whereas the meta‐analysis (k = 11 studies) provided support for a reliable association between paranoia and conspiracy beliefs, the two additional studies provide direct evidence for their distinctiveness and divergent associations with other constructs. Although both assume sinister intentions of others, beliefs in conspiracy theories are more specific in who these others are (powerful groups) than paranoia (everyone). In contrast, paranoia was more restricted in terms of who the target of the negative intentions is (the self) than conspiracy theorizing (society as a whole). In light of this and distinct associations of conspiracy beliefs with political control and trust but not (inter‐)personal control and trust (like paranoia), we propose to treat the two as distinct (albeit correlated) constructs with conspiracy beliefs reflecting a political attitude compared to paranoia as a self‐relevant belief.

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From The dark side of social movements: social identity, non-conformity, and the lure of conspiracy theories (2020) · cites this paper as [36]

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Authors: Imhoff, R., & Lamberty, P.
Affiliations: Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (DE)
Corresponding author: Imhoff, Roland
ORCID: Imhoff, Roland
Lamberty, Pia
Venue: European Journal of Social Psychology
Publisher: Wiley
Published: 2018-05-30
Volume: 48
Issue: 7
Pages: 909-926
ISSN: 0046-2772 (ISSN-L)
1099-0992
DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2494
OpenAlex: W2799716520
Semantic Scholar: 47550a1d8d5b54bb390d03c1b1d299c52887c2b9
Cited by: 267
References: 70
Citations by year: 2026: 39 · 2025: 31 · 2024: 32 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 58 · 2021: 33 · 2020: 27 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 3
FWCI: 43.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor (vor)
Locations: European Journal of Social Psychology (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social and Intergroup Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Paranormal Experiences and Beliefs
Keywords: paranoia, conspiracy beliefs, conspiracy theories, paranoid thinking, political control, trust, interpersonal control, self-relevance, construct distinctiveness

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How paranoid are conspiracy believers? Toward a more fine-grained understanding of the connect and disconnect between paranoia and belief in conspiracy theories

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