The DOI matches its Crossref record; 6 of the 6 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
The Multiple Affective Outcomes of AIDS PSAs: Fear Appeals Do More Than Scare People
Abstract
The widespread use of fear appeals in health communication campaigns seems to reflect the existence of a folk theory that predicts message acceptance as a function of induced fright. Whereas there is empirical evidence consistent with that position, recent research also shows that other affects may influence message acceptance as well. Two studies were conducted to determine the extent to which a sample of public service announcements (PSAs) on the topic of AIDS / HIV evoked affective responses, the degree to which those affects predicted message acceptance, and the mechanism by which feelings, including fear; operate on message acceptance. Results showed that a variety of affects were induced by the PSAs, most of which did predict message acceptance. However, considerable variation was observed in both sign and magnitude of the associations. As for mechanism, the data suggested that the effects of affect on message acceptance were mediated by heuristic rather than systematic message processing.
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
Russell, J. A. (1980) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0077714 · Cited by 16,334
Lazarus, R. S. (1991) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195069945.001.0001 · Cited by 12,691
Feeling and thinking: Preferences need no inferences.
Zajonc, R. B. (1980) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.2.151 · Cited by 8,094
Putting the fear back into fear appeals: the extended parallel process model
Witte, K. (1992) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637759209376276 · Cited by 3,880
Voluntary Facial Action Generates Emotion‐Specific Autonomic Nervous System Activity
Levenson, R. W., Ekman, P., & Friesen, W. V. (1990) · Psychophysiology · doi:10.1111/j.1469-8986.1990.tb02330.x · Cited by 1,248
Appraisals of emotion-eliciting events: Testing a theory of discrete emotions.
Roseman, I. J., Spindel, M. S., & Jose, P. E. (1990) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.59.5.899 · Cited by 827
Cited by
A Meta-Analysis of Fear Appeals: Implications for Effective Public Health Campaigns
Witte, K., & Allen, M. (2000) · Health Education & Behavior · doi:10.1177/109019810002700506 · Cited by 3,216
On the Nature of Reactance and its Role in Persuasive Health Communication
Dillard, J. P., & Shen, L. (2005) · Communication Monographs · doi:10.1080/03637750500111815 · Cited by 1,571
Self-citationAppealing to fear: A meta-analysis of fear appeal effectiveness and theories
Tannenbaum, M. B., Hepler, J., Zimmerman, R. S., Saul, L., Jacobs, S., Wilson, K., & Albarracín, D. (2015) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/a0039729 · Cited by 1,315
“…the impact of message characteristics on fear appeal effectiveness: 1 The linear model of fear appeals (e.g., Witte & Allen, 2000), the curvilinear model of fear appeals (e.g., Hovland et al., 1953), the health belief model (Rosenstock , 1966; Becker, 1974; Becker et al., 1977, 1978;…”
BackgroundGriffin, R. J., Dunwoody, S., & Neuwirth, K. (1999) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1006/enrs.1998.3940 · Cited by 1,187
Nabi, R. L. (1999) · Communication Theory · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2885.1999.tb00172.x · Cited by 537
Metadata
- Authors
- DILLARD, J. P., PLOTNICK, C. A., GODBOLD, L. C., FREIMUTH, V. S., & EDGAR, T.
- Venue
- Communication Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1996-02
- Volume
- 23
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 44-72
- ISSN
- 0093-6502 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3810
- OpenAlex
- W2133456431
- Cited by
- 325
- References
- 6
- FWCI
- 125.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The Multiple Affective Outcomes of AIDS PSAs: Fear Appeals Do More Than Scare People. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/009365096023001002
- The paper
- DILLARD, J. P., PLOTNICK, C. A., GODBOLD, L. C., FREIMUTH, V. S., & EDGAR, T. (1996). The Multiple Affective Outcomes of AIDS PSAs: Fear Appeals Do More Than Scare People. Communication Research. https://doi.org/10.1177/009365096023001002
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
