Cited by 128Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesEmotions and Moral BehaviorBullying, Victimization, and Aggression

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Understanding Clinical Anger and Violence: The Anger Avoidance Model

Gardner, Frank L., Moore, Zella E.·2008·Behavior Modification

DOI 10.1177/0145445508319282

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Abstract

Although anger is a primary emotion and holds clear functional necessities, the presence of anger and its behavioral manifestations of aggression/violence can have serious emotional, health, and social consequences. Despite such consequences, the construct of clinical anger has to date suffered from few theoretical and treatment advancements and has received insufficient research attention. Thus, the purpose of this article is to introduce the Anger Avoidance Model, which is a new conceptualization of clinical anger and its behavioral manifestations. The Anger Avoidance Model suggests that among anger patients, a chronic early aversive history leads to information processing biases and emotion regulation deficits, which in turn result in intense efforts to avoid the experience of anger. This avoidance takes the form of hostile rumination (cognitive avoidance) and aggressive and violent behavior (behavioral avoidance). This model holds clear implications for research and treatment of this challenging clinical phenomenon.

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Authors: Gardner, F. L., & Moore, Z. E.
Affiliations: La Salle University (US)
Manhattan University (US)
ORCID: Gardner, Frank L.
Venue: Behavior Modification
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2008-07-09
Volume: 32
Issue: 6
Pages: 897-912
ISSN: 0145-4455 (ISSN-L)
1552-4167
DOI: 10.1177/0145445508319282
OpenAlex: W1974239922
Cited by: 128
References: 38
Citations by year: 2026: 13 · 2025: 6 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 7 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 9 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 4
FWCI: 4.06
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Behavior Modification (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Bullying, Victimization, and Aggression
Keywords: aggression, violence, cognitive avoidance, emotional dysregulation, information processing biases, anger management
MeSH terms: Aggression, Anger, Avoidance Learning, Behavior Therapy, Defense Mechanisms, Hostility, Humans, Internal-External Control, Models, Psychological, Violence

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Understanding Clinical Anger and Violence: The Anger Avoidance Model

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