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Does Experiential Avoidance Mediate the Effects of Maladaptive Coping Styles on Psychopathology and Mental Health?
Open accessAbstract
Experiential avoidance (EA) is considered a risk factor for psychopathology.This study explores whether EA mediates the relationship between maladaptive coping styles (palliative, avoidance, and passive coping) and psychopathology and positive mental health. A total of 93 adults with mild to moderate psychological distress completed measures assessing coping styles, psychopathology (depression, anxiety, and alcohol use), and mental health (emotional, psychological, and social well-being). Results showed that EA mediated the effects of passive coping on both increased anxiety and depression and decreased emotional and psychological well-being. These results suggest that a person who is prone to use EA or has learned EA in stressful situations has a higher risk of developing psychopathology and lower mental health.This indicates that early interventions that aim at people with high levels of EA are highly relevant.
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“Some of these processes, such as experiential avoidance, cognitive fusion, or self-as-content seem to be associated with the development and maintenance of psychopathologies and the psychological alterations both in normative [77,78] and clinical or chronic pain populations [79,80,81,82].”
From Effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy in central pain sensitization syndromes: A systematic review (2021) · cites this paper as [78]
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“In addition to their utility as psychotherapeutic targets, mindfulness and experiential avoidance have been examined as personal dispositions that vary across individuals [31, 37-39]”
From Mindfulness, Experiential Avoidance, and Recovery From Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
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“In fact, the attempt to avoid or suppress difficult thoughts can conversely increase those thoughts and the accompanying emotions [28-31]”
From Mindfulness, Experiential Avoidance, and Recovery From Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. (2019) · cites this paper as [31]
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“More specifically, Giacco et al. (2013) found that a reduction of PTSD symptoms was associated with improved quality of life over time and that improvements in quality of life were associated with reduced PTSD symptoms in a war-exposed sample.”
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“People who are prone to using avoidance to cope are at higher risk of developing psychopathology (Fledderus et al., 2010), and people under stress have a higher need to employ coping mechanisms than nonstressed individuals (Coyne & Gottlieb, 1996).”
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TEACHER DISTRESS AND THE ROLE OF EXPERIENTIAL AVOIDANCE
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“These results agree with a large number of studies indicating that EA is a psychological process that plays a key role in how well people cope with a wide variety of stressors (Andrew & Dulin, 2007; Fledderus et al., 2010; Gratz et al., 2008; Kashdan et al., 2006; Kashdan & Kane, 2011; Merwin et al., 2009; Santanello…”
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“…avoidance may be beneficial for alleviating such negative feelings in the short term, it is more likely to impair physical function and limit participation in daily activities in the long run [38], resulting in a vicious cycle that maintains negative emotions and blocks positive experiences [39].”
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“…and conceptual research suggests that many disorders share biological, psychological, and social process variables (e.g., Berg et al., 2022; Fledderus et al., 2010; Hakulinen et al., 2016; Krupnik, 2021; McEvoy & Mahoney, 2012) raising even more questions about the validity of current…”
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“However, there is ample evidence suggesting emotional avoidance is not sustainable (e.g., Boulanger et al., 2010; Fledderus et al., 2010; Hayes et al., 1996) and instead, it may contribute to burnout and exacerbate PTSD symptoms (Colville et al., 2014; Orcutt et al., 2020).”
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“…loneliness [18], and the relationship between paranoid ideation and depressive symptoms [19], as well as the association between rumination and depression [20], illness appraisal and medication adherence [21], and the effects of maladaptive coping styles on psychopathology and mental health [22].”
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“It is also in line with literature that have linked EA with the development and persistence of psychological distress (Hayes et al., 2004) and higher risk of developing psychopathology (Fledderus et al., 2010).”
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Exploring an Implicit Measure of Acceptance and Experiential Avoidance of Anxiety
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Psychological inflexibility and valuing happiness: Dangerous liaisons
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Gallego‐Alberto, L., Martínez‐Huertas, J. Á., Márquez‐González, M., Cabrera, I., Olazarán, J., & Losada‐Baltar, A. (2024) · Aging & Mental Health · doi:10.1080/13607863.2024.2430530 · Cited by 5
“…(Hayes et al., 2011). experiential avoidance thus acts as a risk factor for developing psychopathology in general samples (Dinis et al., 2015; Fledderus et al., 2010) and it has been linked to mental and physical health problems among dementia family caregivers (Kishita et al., 2023;…”
Smith-Russell, D., & Bowen, S. W. (2023) · Substance Use & Misuse · doi:10.1080/10826084.2023.2212277 · Cited by 5
“These constructs are usually combined (Hayes et al., 1996), and research has demonstrated that maladaptive coping styles, particularly avoidance, may be associated with poor outcomes (Fledderus et al., 2010).”
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“Prior studies identified various risk factors for experiential avoidance, such as mal-adaptive coping styles (Fledderus et al., 2010), trauma symptoms (Franz et al., 2021), gender role conflict (Spendelow & Joubert, 2018), and anxiety sensitivity (Ugwu et al., 2021).”
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Wasil, A. R., Franzen, R. E., Gillespie, S., Steinberg, J. S., Malhotra, T., & DeRubeis, R. J. (2020) · doi:10.31234/osf.io/6wj85 · Cited by 5
Mak, Y. W., Leung, D. Y. P., Zhang, X., Chung, J. O. K., Chow, P. S. Y., Ruan, J., & Yeung, W. (2024) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2024.1485836 · Cited by 4
Jacob, G. A., & Seebauer, L. (2014) · Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie · doi:10.1026/1616-3443/a000278 · Cited by 4
Experiential Avoidance, Pain, and Suicide Risk in a National Sample of Gulf War Veterans
Grove, J. L., Young, J. R., Chen, Z., Blakey, S. M., Beckham, J. C., Calhoun, P. S., Dedert, E. A., Goldston, D. B., Pugh, M. J., & Kimbrel, N. A. (2022) · Archives of Suicide Research · doi:10.1080/13811118.2022.2160681 · Cited by 5
“Indeed, avoidance is a fundamental process in many forms of high-risk psychopathology (Chawla & Ostafin, 2007; Fledderus, Bohlmeijer, & Pieterse, 2010).”
BackgroundAbbasi, M., Pirāni, Z., Zanguei, A. R., & zarei, M. H. (2018) · مجله طب جانباز · doi:10.29252/ijwph.10.2.107 · Cited by 4
Examination of Coping in the Anxiety Disorders With and Without Comorbid Depression
Man, V. Y., Dougan, C. M., & Rector, N. A. (2012) · International Journal of Cognitive Therapy · doi:10.1521/ijct.2012.5.2.186 · Cited by 5
Inoue, K., Yamada, T., & Ohtsuki, T. (2024) · Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology · doi:10.1123/jcsp.2022-0057 · Cited by 3
Associations Among Experiential Avoidance, Positive Affect, and Reward Responsivity
Fields, J. S., Wieman, S. T., MacDonald, H. Z., Robins, H., & Liverant, G. I. (2023) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/s10862-023-10072-6 · Cited by 3
Music Affects State Anxiety and Brain ConnectivityPreprint
Pedersen, M., Shepherd, D., Vashista, G., Kercher, A., & Hautus, M. J. (2023) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2023.05.18.541357 · Cited by 3
“When feeling worried or distressed, individuals who use experiential avoidance and maladaptive coping show decreased emotional and psychological well-being (Fledderus et al., 2010).”
BackgroundJuszczyk-Kalina, A., Holas, P., Bachem, R., & Roczon, P. (2026) · Journal of American College Health · doi:10.1080/07448481.2025.2593313 · Cited by 2
“Additionally, Fledderus et al. 69 demonstrated that individuals prone to using experiential avoidance in stressful situations face an elevated risk of developing psychopathology.”
Emotion Regulation Under Stress: A Social Processing and Memory Perspective
Dennis, N. J., Bulgin, T., Nicastri, C. M., Bell, C., & Delgado, M. R. (2024) · Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · doi:10.1007/7854_2024_560 · Cited by 3
“Similar to suppression, experiential avoidance tends to increase negative affect; however, individuals continue to use experiential avoidance as an emotion regulation strategy due to its seemingly positive outcomes, even if short-term (Sloan 2004; Fledderus et al. 2010).”
Coping styles in HIV positives and HIV negatives
Heydari, M., Karimzadeh, Y., Faghih, M., Heydari, Z., Hosseini, E., & Mehraeen, M. (2020) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-020-00484-4 · Cited by 2
Avoidance as an Explanatory Mechanism for Poor Outcomes in Treatment for Substance Use Disorders
Oakland, A. (2015) · Lincoln (University of Nebraska) · Cited by 2
Seaton, F. S. (2021) · Educational and Child Psychology · doi:10.53841/bpsecp.2021.38.1.37 · Cited by 6
Validation of the Valuing Questionnaire (VQ) to the Argentinian context
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“Furthermore, experiential avoidance has been reported to hinder the pursuit of actions aligned with personal values (Fledderus et al., 2010), indicating that it can obstruct taking steps toward what is important in life.”
Fledderus, M. (2009) · Cited by 1
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“Experiential avoidance is being associated with a higher risk of developing psychopathology and lower psychological well-being [45].”
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Evaluating Process Variables in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy
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Metadata
- Authors
- Fledderus, M., Bohlmeijer, E. T., & Pieterse, M. E.
- Affiliations
- University of Twente (NL)
- Corresponding author
- Fledderus, Martine
- Venue
- Behavior Modification
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-07-21
- Volume
- 34
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 503-519
- ISSN
- 0145-4455 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4167
- OpenAlex
- W2127511991
- Cited by
- 123
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 13 · 2020: 11 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 4 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.91
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- research.utwente.nl
- Locations
- Behavior Modification (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion)
- University of Twente Research Information (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- experiential avoidance, passive coping, avoidance coping, palliative coping, psychopathology, depression, anxiety, alcohol consumption, well-being, mediation, psychological distress
- MeSH terms
- Adaptation, Psychological, Adult, Aged, Alcoholism, Anxiety, Depression, Emotions, Female, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Middle Aged, Psychiatric Status Rating Scales, Surveys and Questionnaires, Risk Factors, Stress, Psychological
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