The DOI matches its Crossref record; 58 of the 58 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Assessing the Clinical or Applied Importance of Behavior Change through Social Validation
Abstract
Applied behavior analysis has emphasized that the effects of treatment interventions should be evaluated in part on the basis of whether changes of clinical, social, or applied importance have been achieved. Recently, social validation has been proposed as a means of evaluating whether behavior changes achieved during treatment are clinically important. In the context of evaluating treatment outcome, social validation consists of two procedures. First, the behavior of the target subject is compared with that of his or her peers who have not been identified as problematic. Second, subjective evaluations of the target subject's behavior by individuals in the natural environment are solicited. Behavior changes can be viewed as clinically important if the intervention has brought the client's performance within the range of socially acceptable levels, as evidenced by the client's peer group, or if the client's behavior is judged by others as reflecting a qualitative improvement on global ratings. The present paper reviews the literature on social validation in applied behavior analysis and discusses problems in assessing and interpreting normative data and subjective evaluations.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“While we have not focused on intra-rater reliability (i.e., internal consistency of a rater, Flemenbaum & Zimmermann, 1973) within this analysis, the attention to data collection reliability and rater drift is one way to account for intra-rater reliability over time (Kazdin, 1977).”
From Exploring Differences in Measurement and Reporting of Classroom Observation Inter-Rater Reliability (2018) · cites this paper as Kazdin, 1977
Citations
Cites
Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change
Garfield, S. L., Bergin, A. E., & Dryden, W. (1987) · Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1891/0889-8391.1.4.264a · Cited by 3,998
SOME CURRENT DIMENSIONS OF APPLIED BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS1
Baer, D. M., Wolf, M. M., & Risley, T. R. (1968) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1968.1-91 · Cited by 3,935
Wolf, M. M. (1978) · Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis · doi:10.1901/jaba.1978.11-203 · Cited by 3,176
Single Case Experimental Designs: Strategies for Studying Behavior Change
Barlow, D. H., Nock, M. K., & Hersen, M. (1976) · Cited by 3,036
Brodsky, S. L. (1980) · Criminal Justice and Behavior · doi:10.1177/009385488000700401 · Cited by 1,740
Progress in Behavior Modification
Hersen, M., & Eisler, R. M. (1983) · Cited by 1,020
Behavior change : methodology, concepts, and practice
Hamerlynck, L. A., Handy, L. C., & Mash, E. J. (1974) · Research Press eBooks · Cited by 608
A psychological approach to abnormal behavior
Ullmann, L. P., & Krasner, L. (1969) · Prentice Hall eBooks · Cited by 574
Rachman, S. (1970) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/0005-7967(70)90063-x · Cited by 464
Interventions for boys with conduct problems: Multiple settings, treatments, and criteria.
Patterson, G. R. (1974) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/h0036731 · Cited by 432
Research works printed but not linked: 10
- Azrin, N. H., 1973, Mental Retardation, 11, 9
- Braukmann, C. J., 1975, Issues in evaluating behavior modification
- Greenwood, C. R., meeting of the American Psychological Association
- Kazdin, A. E., 1976, Single-case experimental designs: Strategies for studying behavior change
- Kazdin, A. E., 1977, Handbook of applied behavior research: Social and instructional processes
- 10.1037/0022-006X.44.4.586 · DOI
- Patterson, G. R., 1972, Implementing behavioral programs for schools and clinics
- Patterson, G. R., 1969, Modifying deviant social behavviors in various classroom settings
- Wolf, M. M., meeting of the American Psychological Association
- Wolf, M. M., 1971, The nature of reinforcement
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 801–900 of 1,002
Lipien, L., Kirby, M. S., & Ferron, J. M. (2023) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-19964-6_20 · Cited by 5
Kim, S., Kim, H., & Saffo, R. W. (2017) · International Journal of Special Education (IJSE) · Cited by 5
Karlsson, E. A., Sandqvist, J. L., Seing, I., & Ståhl, C. (2021) · Work · doi:10.3233/wor-213558 · Cited by 5
Hamilton, S. B., & MacQuiddy, S. L. (1984) · Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology · doi:10.1207/s15374424jccp1301_10 · Cited by 5
Little, S. G., Akin‐Little, A., Gopaul, M., & Nicholson, T. (2019) · Autism and child psychopathology series · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-20843-1_37 · Cited by 5
Contingency Management Systems
Salend, S. J. (1987) · Intervention in School and Clinic · doi:10.1177/105345128702200303 · Cited by 5
Assertiveness training and human communication processes
Boisvert, J.-M., Beaudry, M., & Bittar, J. (1985) · Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy · doi:10.1007/bf00946127 · Cited by 5
Social Validation of Relaxation Training in Pediatric Headache Control
Engel, J. M. (1992) · Occupational Therapy in Mental Health · doi:10.1300/j004v11n04_06 · Cited by 5
Interviewing and Report Writing
Edelstein, B. A., & Berler, E. S. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0041-8_8 · Cited by 5
Shapiro, E. S. (1986) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0588-8_3 · Cited by 5
Storey, K. (1992) · Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities · doi:10.1007/bf01046342 · Cited by 5
Livi, J., & Ford, A. (1985) · Education and training of the mentally retarded · doi:10.1177/001312378502000108 · Cited by 5
An evaluation system for school-community prevention programs
Maher, C. A. (1981) · The Journal of Primary Prevention · doi:10.1007/bf01333747 · Cited by 5
Long term maintenance of language and social skills
Foxx, R. M. (1999) · Behavioral Interventions · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-078x(199907/09)14:3 · Cited by 5
Theoretical Models and Special Education
Rosenberg, M. S., & Jackson, L. B. (1988) · Remedial and Special Education · doi:10.1177/074193258800900306 · Cited by 5
Social Interactions between Autistic Students and their Peers
Stainback, W. C., & Stainback, S. B. (1982) · Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/019874298200700207 · Cited by 5
Social validation of A Program to Reduce Topic Repetition in A Nonsheltered Setting
Rusch, F. R., Weithers, J. A., Menchetti, B. M., & Schutz, R. P. (1980) · Education and training of the mentally retarded · doi:10.1177/001312378001500308 · Cited by 5
Lambert, J. M., Fettig, A., & Ledford, J. R. (2026) · Journal of Behavioral Education · doi:10.1007/s10864-026-09651-w · Cited by 4
Telepractice in Early Childhood Intervention: A Parent-Reported Social Validity Scale
Rico, G. M., García‐Grau, P., Cañadas, M., & González-García, R. J. (2023) · Psicothema · doi:10.7334/psicothema2022.290 · Cited by 4
Beahm, L. A., Cook, B. G., McLucas, A. S., Ellis, K., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2024) · Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions · doi:10.1177/10983007241230596 · Cited by 4
Social and Ecological Validity of the Good Behavior Game: A Systematic Review
Zimmerman, D. M., Najafichaghabouri, M., Joslyn, P. R., & Pinkelman, S. E. (2024) · Journal of Behavioral Education · doi:10.1007/s10864-024-09562-8 · Cited by 4
A Systematic Review of Strategies and Interventions to Promote the Inclusion of Autistic Adolescents
Mercado-Garrido, E., González, N. C., O’Connor, A., & McTiernan, A. (2024) · Review Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders · doi:10.1007/s40489-024-00491-w · Cited by 4
Hunt, P. (2019) · Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities · doi:10.1177/1540796919862874 · Cited by 4
Assessing children's perceptions of intervention acceptability ratings
Eckert, T. L., Eggleston, B., Hamsho, N. F., & Williams, N. (2021) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.22564 · Cited by 4
Beahm, L. A., Smith, L. H., & Bradshaw, C. P. (2024) · Teaching and Teacher Education · doi:10.1016/j.tate.2024.104522 · Cited by 4
Zane, N. W. S., Kim, J. E., Bernal, G., & Gotuaco, C. (2016) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/14940-009 · Cited by 4
Schroeder, S. R., Hellings, J. A., & Courtemanche, A. B. (2013) · Issues in clinical child psychology · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6531-7_17 · Cited by 4
Valuation Alteration: Stimuli Increase in Value When Preschoolers Deliver Them to Peers
Oblak, M., Greer, R. D., & Singer‐Dudek, J. (2015) · The Psychological Record · doi:10.1007/s40732-015-0140-5 · Cited by 4
Bandeira, M. D. B., Machado, E. L., Barroso, S. M., Gaspar, T. R., & Silva, M. M. (2003) · Estudos de Psicologia (Natal) · doi:10.1590/s1413-294x2003000300015 · Cited by 4
A component analysis of public‐speaking behaviors across individuals and behavioral categories
Black, E. L., & Martin, G. L. (1980) · Communication Education · doi:10.1080/03634528009378425 · Cited by 4
A direct nomination method for the identification of neglected members in children's peer groups
Dygdon, J. A., & Conger, A. (1990) · Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology · doi:10.1007/bf00919456 · Cited by 3
Training developmentally handicapped persons as supervisors in sheltered workshops
Martin, G. L., Cornick, G., Hughes, J., Mullen, H., & Ducharme, D. E. (1984) · Applied Research in Mental Retardation · doi:10.1016/s0270-3092(84)80002-8 · Cited by 4
Stability reliability of the behavior rating profile
Ellers, R. A., Ellers, S. L., & Bradley‐Johnson, S. (1989) · Journal of School Psychology · doi:10.1016/0022-4405(89)90040-x · Cited by 4
Problems in the case for psychotherapeutic integration
O’Donohue, W., & McKelvie, M. (1993) · Journal of Behavior Therapy and Experimental Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/0005-7916(93)90045-x · Cited by 4
Quantitative Methods and Ethics
Rosnow, R. L., & Rosenthal, R. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199934874.013.0003 · Cited by 4
Modification of Attitudes of Regular Education Preservice Teachers toward Visually Impaired Students
Skrtic, T. M., Clark, F. L., & White, W. J. (1982) · Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness · doi:10.1177/0145482x8207600203 · Cited by 4
Meadan, H., Stoner, J. B., & Angell, M. E. (2015) · Journal of the American Academy of Special Education Professionals · doi:10.64546/jaasep.279 · Cited by 4
Snow, C. S., & McLaughlin, T. F. (2005) · Educational research quarterly · Cited by 4
Issues, Strategies, and Perspectives in the Management of Disruptive Child Behavior in the Classroom
Walker, H. M., & Holland, F. (1979) · Journal of Education · doi:10.1177/002205747916100204 · Cited by 4
Behavior therapy's promise for child treatment: Where we've been, where we may be going
Peterson, L. (1997) · Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7894(97)80009-3 · Cited by 4
Gannon, P. M. (1986) · Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability · doi:10.3109/13668258609084068 · Cited by 4
Some Normative Goals for Conversation Training
Lindsay, W. R. (1982) · Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy · doi:10.1017/s0141347300007813 · Cited by 4
Conditions for Positive Psychological and Educational Development of Hearing‐Impaired Persons
Luckner, J. L. (1989) · The Journal of Humanistic Education and Development · doi:10.1002/j.2164-4683.1989.tb00180.x · Cited by 4
Kennedy, C. H., & Haring, T. G. (1992) · Behavioral Interventions · doi:10.1002/bin.2360070203 · Cited by 4
Comparing Employer and Teacher Identified Entry-Level Job Requisites of Service Occupations
Alper, S. (1985) · Education and training of the mentally retarded · doi:10.1177/001312378502000110 · Cited by 4
Treatment of Cardiovascular Disorders
Herd, J. A. (1981) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-565960-4.50014-x · Cited by 4
Véronneau, J., Chevestrier-Lefeuvre, A., Fournier, V., Laurin, A., Caron-Trahan, R., Landry, M., Guiné, J., Dubey-Harispe, O., Godin, N., Moulay, I., et al. (2025) · Journal of Patient Experience · doi:10.1177/23743735251393915 · Cited by 3
Tactics of Scientific Research at 30: Some Personal Reflections
Fuqua, R. W. (1990) · The Behavior Analyst · doi:10.1007/bf03392536 · Cited by 3
Krueger, J. C., Boecker, M., Gauggel, S., Bleich, A., & Tolba, R. H. (2023) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0287965 · Cited by 3
Coalson, G. A., & Byrd, C. T. (2025) · Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences · doi:10.3389/fresc.2025.1541059 · Cited by 3
Utilizing Behavior Change Techniques to Elicit Adherence to Clinical Practice Guidelines
Ferreira, D. (2017) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2017.00037 · Cited by 3
Chen, H., & Nunes, M. B. (2023) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-99-1486-9_4 · Cited by 3
Interpreting Results in Mental Health Research
Harman, J. S., Manning, W. G., Lurie, N., & Liu, C. (2001) · Mental Health Services Research · doi:10.1023/a:1011564918552 · Cited by 3
Outcome in psychiatric outpatient services
Söderberg, P., & Tungström, S. (2007) · Cited by 3
Graf, F. A., Grumm, M., Hein, S. D., & Fingerle, M. (2012) · Kindheit und Entwicklung · doi:10.1026/0942-5403/a000070 · Cited by 3
Social validation of a conversational skills-training program
Kupke, T. E., Hobbs, S. A., Lavin, P. F., & Cheney, T. H. (1984) · Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment · doi:10.1007/bf01321527 · Cited by 3
Aman, M. G., & Farmer, C. (2008) · Journal of Empirical Research on Human Research Ethics · doi:10.1525/jer.2008.3.3.39 · Cited by 3
A Social Validation of College Examinations
Runco, M. A., Okuda, S. M., & Thurston, B. J. (1991) · Educational and Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/0013164491512021 · Cited by 3
Remedying Social Skills Deficits in a Chronic Schizophrenic-Retarded Person
Jackson, H. J., & Martin, R. (1983) · Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability · doi:10.3109/13668258309016139 · Cited by 3
A Retrospective Evaluation of Behavioral Programming in an Institutional Setting
Tyson, M. E., & Spooner, F. (1991) · Education and training in mental retardation · doi:10.1177/104298599102600207 · Cited by 3
Mental Health Assessment of Juveniles
Morgan-d'atrio, C. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-0905-2_12 · Cited by 3
Bradley, L. G., & Houghton, S. J. (1992) · Behaviour Change · doi:10.1017/s0813483900006185 · Cited by 3
Bloch‐Elkouby, S., Eubanks, C. F., Knopf, L., Gorman, B. S., & Muran, J. C. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01180 · Cited by 3
Marx, B. P., & Gross, A. M. (1998) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-5905-4_24 · Cited by 3
Caballo, V. E., Andrés, V., & Bas, F. (1998) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-008043433-9/50004-3 · Cited by 3
Social Calibration of the SSIT
Wallander, J. L., Curran, J. P., & Myers, P. E. (1983) · Behavior Modification · doi:10.1177/01454455830073008 · Cited by 3
Teaching Social Skills to Persons with Severe Handicaps in Community Settings: A Review
Storey, K. (1987) · Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability · doi:10.3109/13668258708998658 · Cited by 3
A review of behavioral procedures to teach motor skills to individuals with severe disabilities
Demchak, M. (1993) · Journal of Behavioral Education · doi:10.1007/bf00961540 · Cited by 3
Appearance changes associated with participation in a behavioral weight control program
Houlihan, M. M., Dickson-Parnell, B. E., Jackson, J. L., & Zeichner, A. (1987) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/0306-4603(87)90022-0 · Cited by 3
Cochrane, M., & Ballard, K. D. (1986) · The Exceptional Child · doi:10.1080/0156655860330202 · Cited by 3
Teaching social skills to emotionally disturbed adolescent inpatients
Foxx, R. M., McMorrow, M. J., Hernandez, M., Kyle, M. S., & Bittle, R. G. (1987) · Behavioral Interventions · doi:10.1002/bin.2360020202 · Cited by 3
Gauvain‐Piquard, A., Rodary, C., Rezvani, A., & Lemerle, J. (1988) · Douleur et Analgésie · doi:10.1007/bf03006308 · Cited by 3
Methods of Assessing Children's Social Skills: Current Status and Future Directions
Hoier, T. S., & Foster, S. L. (1985) · Journal of Special Education Technology · doi:10.1177/016264348500700203 · Cited by 2
Facial Screening and Visual Occlusion
Rojahn, J., & Marshburn, E. C. (1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9130-2_8 · Cited by 3
The Case Against Social Validation
Schwade, S. (1979) · Behaviorists for Social Action Journal · doi:10.1007/bf03406121 · Cited by 3
Home living for developmentally disabled persons: instructional design and evaluation
Cuvo, A. J., & Davis, P. K. (1981) · Exceptional Education Quarterly · doi:10.1177/074193258100200113 · Cited by 3
Analysis and prediction of emotions using human-robot and driver-vehicle interactions
Gandomi (2018) · doi:10.17760/d20292404 · Cited by 3
Dissemination of Behavioral Procedures in the Schools
Anderson, T. K., & Kratochwill, T. R. (1988) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-0905-5_9 · Cited by 3
Clinical Applications of Direct Behavioral Observation
Wasik, B. H. (1984) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4613-9817-2_5 · Cited by 3
Hobbs, S. A., & Lahey, B. B. (1983) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-7136-0_16 · Cited by 3
Danforth, J. (2012) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-1698-3_1456 · Cited by 3
Ferguson, J. L., & Cihon, J. H. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4614-6435-8_102237-1 · Cited by 3
Gardner, W. I., & Cole, C. L. (1987) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-1-4899-0041-8_11 · Cited by 3
Silverman, W. K., & Spencer, S. D. (2025) · Research on Child and Adolescent Psychopathology · doi:10.1007/s10802-025-01324-y · Cited by 3
Bandeira, M. D. B., Barroso, S. M., Reis, F. V., Gaspar, T. R., & Silva, M. M. (2004) · Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas) · doi:10.1590/s0103-166x2004000300001 · Cited by 2
Increasing and Maintaining Exercise-Physical Activity
Luiselli, J. K. (2016) · Evidence-based practices in behavioral health · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-27297-9_4 · Cited by 2
Karlsson, E. A. (2022) · Linköping University medical dissertations · doi:10.3384/9789179291815 · Cited by 2
Belmonte-Mulhall, C. P., & Harrison, J. R. (2022) · Journal of Applied School Psychology · doi:10.1080/15377903.2022.2113945 · Cited by 3
Eckert, T. L., Maguire, S. C., Nelson, K. A., Amidon, S. Y. M., Goldstein, A. R., Antoine, M. S., Circe, J. J., Alderman, S. V., & Young, T. J. (2023) · Psychology in the Schools · doi:10.1002/pits.23063 · Cited by 2
Zingg, S., de Graaf, M., & Hilfiker, R. (2023) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2023.11.063 · Cited by 2
Academic and Behavioral Strategies in Inclusive Settings for Students With EBD: A Meta Analysis
Soares, D. A., Harrison, J. R., Peltier, C. J., & Press, K. (2024) · Behavioral Disorders · doi:10.1177/01987429241261382 · Cited by 2
Overcoming Stigma in Neurodiversity: Toward Stigma-Informed ABA Practice
Čolić, M. (2025) · Behavior Analysis in Practice · doi:10.1007/s40617-025-01064-x · Cited by 2
SAZAK, E. Ç. B. B. E. (2020) · Sosyal Bilimler Elektronik Dergisi Electronic Journal of Social Sciences · doi:10.29228/sbe.39944 · Cited by 2
Teaching Prelinguistic Communication Skills to School Age Children with Autism.
Franco, J. H. (2008) · Texas ScholarWorks (Texas Digital Library) · Cited by 2
Clinical Decision Processes and Criteria for Social Validity
Millard, R. W., & Evans, I. M. (1983) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.1983.53.3.775 · Cited by 2
Classroom teachers' ratings of the acceptability of in-class crisis intervention services.
Jaksec, C. M., Dedrick, R. F., & Weinberg, R. B. (2000) · Traumatology An International Journal · doi:10.1177/153476560000600102 · Cited by 2
A Procedure for Socially Valid Goal Setting
Ogletree, B. T., Howell, A., & Carpenter, D. (2005) · Intervention in School and Clinic · doi:10.1177/10534512050410020701 · Cited by 2
Kunkle, K. L., & Ortiz, C. (2016) · Child & Family Behavior Therapy · doi:10.1080/07317107.2016.1172875 · Cited by 2
Search for Best Available Evidence
Macgowan, M. J. (2008) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195183450.003.0003 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Kazdin, A. E.
- Affiliations
- Pennsylvania State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Kazdin, Alan E.
- ORCID
- Kazdin, Alan E.
- Venue
- Behavior Modification
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1977-10
- Volume
- 1
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 427-452
- ISSN
- 0145-4455 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4167
- OpenAlex
- W1977842618
- Cited by
- 1,117
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 19 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 31 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 22 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 14 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 31 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 25
- FWCI
- 34.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavior Modification (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Behavioral and Psychological Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- social validation, clinical significance, applied behavior analysis, treatment outcome assessment, peer comparison, reference values, subjective evaluation, global ratings, behavior change
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review