The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
A Dual Process Model of Perfectionism Based on Reinforcement Theory
Abstract
This article begins with a brief review of the current literature on the structure and measurement of perfectionism. It is concluded from this review that two major types can be distinguished, a normal/healthy form and a pathological form. These two forms are then defined as positive and negative perfectionism and related directly to Skinnerian concepts of positive and negative reinforcement. The positive/negative distinction is then further elaborated on in terms of approach/avoidance behavior, goal differences, self-concept involvement, emotional correlates, and the promoting environment. Finally, some of the more obvious theoretical and practical implications are briefly explored.
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“according to this 'dual process model' of perfectionism (Slade & Owens, 1998), individuals with high levels of perfectionistic strivings are driven by the pursuit of success, whereas individuals with high levels of perfectionistic concerns are motivated by a fear of failure.”
From A Meta–Analytic and Conceptual Update on the Associations between Procrastination and Multidimensional Perfectionism (2017) · cites this paper as Slade & Owens, 1998
In the citing paper
“perfectionistic concerns and perfectionistic strivings have been differentially associated with approach and avoidance behavior.”
From A Meta–Analytic and Conceptual Update on the Associations between Procrastination and Multidimensional Perfectionism (2017) · cites this paper as Slade & Owens, 1998
Citations
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Clinical perfectionism: A cognitive behavioural analysis
Shafran, R., Cooper, Z., & Fairburn, C. G. (2002) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(01)00059-6 · Cited by 984
Perfectionism and maladjustment: An overview of theoretical, definitional, and treatment issues.
Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2002) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10458-001 · Cited by 741
Perfectionism and psychopathology: a review of research and treatment
Shafran, R., & Mansell, W. (2001) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/s0272-7358(00)00072-6 · Cited by 664
Is Perfectionism Good, Bad, or Both? Examining Models of the Perfectionism Construct
Bieling, P. J., Israeli, A. L., & Antony, M. M. (2004) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(03)00235-6 · Cited by 630
(2001) · Behaviour Research and Therapy · doi:10.1016/s0005-7967(00)00085-1 · Cited by 590
Metadata
- Authors
- Slade, P. D., & Owens, R. G.
- Affiliations
- Boğaziçi University (TR)
- University of Auckland (NZ)
- Venue
- Behavior Modification
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1998-07
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 372-390
- ISSN
- 0145-4455 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-4167
- OpenAlex
- W2094583828
- Cited by
- 440
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 12 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 18 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 32 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 29 · 2016: 27 · 2015: 16 · 2014: 22 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 19
- FWCI
- 3.00
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behavior Modification (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Perfectionism, Procrastination, Anxiety Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- perfectionism, dual-process models, positive reinforcement, negative reinforcement, approach-avoidance behavior, goal difference, self-concept, emotional correlates
- MeSH terms
- Feeding and Eating Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Models, Psychological, Narcissism, Neurotic Disorders, Personality, Personality Assessment, Personality Disorders, Reinforcement, Psychology, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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