The DOI matches its Crossref record; 48 of the 51 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Understanding the Social Costs of Narcissism: The Case of the Tragedy of the Commons
Abstract
Two studies examined narcissism and behavior in a commons dilemma. Study 1 used a four-person, laboratory-based task and Study 2 used a dyadic task. Participants were told that they represented one of four (Study 1) or two (Study 2) forestry companies and then were asked to harvest timber from a renewable forest. Narcissism was found to be positively related to acquisitive goals and harvesting more timber in the initial round. The more narcissists harvesting in the competitive group of four (Study 1) or dyad (Study 2), the less timber was harvested overall and the more rapidly the forest was depleted. Within competitive groups and dyads, however, narcissists harvested more than the nonnarcissists competing with them. In all, narcissism provided a benefit to the self, but at a long-term cost to other individuals and to the commons.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“They are more likely to make high-risk investments (Foster, Reidy, Misra, & Goff, 2011) and will less hesitantly attempt to maximize short-term profits at the cost of long-term losses (Campbell, Bush, Brunell, & Shelton, 2005).”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Campbell, Bush, Brunell, & Shelton, 2005
In the citing paper
“In one study, narcissists used a greater proportion of shared environmental resources in their attempt to supersede others in performance, ignoring the fact that their behavior would result in environmental costs and in a long-term depletion of the resources required to maintain their status (Campbell et al., 2005).”
From The "Why" and "How" of Narcissism: A Process Model of Narcissistic Status Pursuit (2020) · cites this paper as Campbell et al., 2005
In the citing paper
“In narcissistic personality disorder, there is frequently a hypersensitivity to the evaluations of others and a fluctuation in the self-esteem between grandiose and depleted states, depending on life circumstances [16, 17]; these are personality features associated with an increased risk of both suicidal and non-suicidal self-injury [18, 19].”
From Euthanasia and assisted suicide in patients with personality disorders: a review of current practice and challenges (2020) · cites this paper as [19]
Citations
Cites
Society and the Adolescent Self-Image
Rosenberg, M. (1965) · doi:10.1515/9781400876136 · Cited by 30,126
Hardin, G. (1968) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.162.3859.1243 · Cited by 25,167
Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
American Psychiatric Association (2022) · doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787 · Cited by 23,476
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods.
Longford, N. T., Bryk, A. S., & Raudenbush, S. W. (1993) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2075823 · Cited by 18,773
Hierarchical Linear Models: Applications and Data Analysis Methods
Davidian, M. (2003) · Journal of the American Statistical Association · doi:10.1198/jasa.2003.s288 · Cited by 13,820
Hardin, G. (2009) · Journal of Natural Resources Policy Research · doi:10.1080/19390450903037302 · Cited by 6,461
Further Examining the American Dream: Differential Correlates of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Goals
Kasser, T., & Ryan, R. M. (1996) · Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin · doi:10.1177/0146167296223006 · Cited by 2,745
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.5.890 · Cited by 2,273
Raskin, R., & Terry, H. (1988) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-3514.54.5.890 · Cited by 2,267
Unraveling the Paradoxes of Narcissism: A Dynamic Self-Regulatory Processing Model
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001) · Psychological Inquiry · doi:10.1207/s15327965pli1204_1 · Cited by 2,215
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Foster, J. D., annual meeting of the American Psychological Society
- Watson, P. J., 1984, Journal of Personality Assessment, 45, 159
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Grant, B. F., Chou, S. P., Goldstein, R. B., Huang, B., Stinson, F. S., Saha, T. D., Smith, S. M., Dawson, D. S., Pulay, A. J., Pickering, R. P., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry · doi:10.4088/jcp.v69n0404 · Cited by 1,618
Egos inflating over time: A cross-temporal meta-analysis of the Narcissistic Personality Inventory
Twenge, J. M., Konrath, S., Foster, J. D., Keith Campbell, W., & Bushman, B. J. (2008) · Journal of Personality · doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.2008.00507.x · Cited by 972
Self-citationThe Narcissism Spectrum Model: A Synthetic View of Narcissistic Personality
Krizan, Z., & Herlache, A. D. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868316685018 · Cited by 807
The psychology of social dilemmas: A review
Lange, P. A. M. V., Joireman, J. A., Parks, C. D., & van Dijk, E. (2013) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2012.11.003 · Cited by 819
Generational differences in psychological traits and their impact on the workplace
Twenge, J. M., & Campbell, S. M. (2008) · Journal of Managerial Psychology · doi:10.1108/02683940810904367 · Cited by 749
Metadata
- Authors
- Campbell, W. K., Bush, C. P., Brunell, A. B., & Shelton, J.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- Lamar University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Campbell, W. Keith
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2005-10
- Volume
- 31
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1358-1368
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2146974039
- Cited by
- 370
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 18 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 26 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 31 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 24 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 27 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 8.10
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Economics, Econometrics and Finance › Economics and Econometrics › Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Death Anxiety and Social Exclusion
- Keywords
- narcissism, tragedy of the commons, commons dilemma, competitive behavior, group competition, dyadic interaction, logging, resource depletion, self-interest
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cognition, Female, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Male, Narcissism, Personality Inventory, Self Concept, Social Behavior
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
