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On the Meaning and Measure of Narcissism

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Brown, Ryan P., Budzek, Karolyn, Tamborski, Michael·2009·Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

DOI 10.1177/0146167209335461

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Abstract

For three decades, social-personality research on overt narcissism has relied almost exclusively on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). However, the NPI suffers from a host of psychometric and validity concerns that make composite NPI scores (summed across its subscales) difficult to interpret. The present studies propose that narcissistic characteristics tend to fall under two general clusters: grandiosity and entitlement. The studies show that measures of grandiosity and entitlement interact to predict scores on the NPI, controlling for gender, self-esteem, and basic personality (Study 1), but also that grandiosity and entitlement function independently with respect to mental health (Study 2) and ethical misconduct (Study 3). Together, these results challenge the view of overt narcissism as a unidimensional construct and underscore the importance of distinguishing between grandiose and entitled aspects of the narcissistic self-concept.

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Authors: Brown, R. P., Budzek, K., & Tamborski, M.
Affiliations: University of Oklahoma (US)
Corresponding author: Brown, Ryan P.
ORCID: Brown, Ryan P.
Venue: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2009-06-01
Volume: 35
Issue: 7
Pages: 951-964
ISSN: 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
1552-7433
DOI: 10.1177/0146167209335461
OpenAlex: W2127423490
Cited by: 382
References: 47
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 16
FWCI: 19.78
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
Keywords: grandiose narcissism, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, grandiosity, entitlement, self-concept, mental health, ethical violations, self-esteem
MeSH terms: Adult, Extraversion, Psychological, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Models, Psychological, Narcissism, Personality, Personality Inventory, Probability, Psychometrics, Regression Analysis, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Conduct Disorder

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On the Meaning and Measure of Narcissism

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