The DOI matches its Crossref record; 45 of the 47 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
On the Meaning and Measure of Narcissism
Open accessAbstract
For three decades, social-personality research on overt narcissism has relied almost exclusively on the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI). However, the NPI suffers from a host of psychometric and validity concerns that make composite NPI scores (summed across its subscales) difficult to interpret. The present studies propose that narcissistic characteristics tend to fall under two general clusters: grandiosity and entitlement. The studies show that measures of grandiosity and entitlement interact to predict scores on the NPI, controlling for gender, self-esteem, and basic personality (Study 1), but also that grandiosity and entitlement function independently with respect to mental health (Study 2) and ethical misconduct (Study 3). Together, these results challenge the view of overt narcissism as a unidimensional construct and underscore the importance of distinguishing between grandiose and entitled aspects of the narcissistic self-concept.
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“expert ratings by researchers and clinicians (Brown et al. 2009, Lynam & Widiger 2001, Samuel & Widiger 2004, Samuel et al. 2012, Thomas et al. 2012) and meta-analytic reviews (e.g., O'Boyle et al. 2015, Samuel & Widiger 2008a) identify these as key traits associated with narcissism and NPD.”
From Controversies in Narcissism (2017) · cites this paper as Brown et al. 2009
Citations
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Narcissistic admiration and rivalry: disentangling the bright and dark sides of narcissism.
Back, M. D., Küfner, A. C. P., Dufner, M., Gerlach, T. M., Rauthmann, J. F., & Denissen, J. J. A. (2013) · Journal of Personality and Social Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0034431 · Cited by 1,255
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Pincus, A. L., & Lukowitsky, M. R. (2010) · Annual Review of Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.121208.131215 · Cited by 1,082
What Does the Narcissistic Personality Inventory Really Measure?
Ackerman, R. A., Witt, E. A., Donnellan, M. B., Trzesniewski, K. H., Robins, R. W., & Kashy, D. A. (2010) · Assessment · doi:10.1177/1073191110382845 · Cited by 927
The Narcissism Spectrum Model: A Synthetic View of Narcissistic Personality
Krizan, Z., & Herlache, A. D. (2018) · Personality and Social Psychology Review · doi:10.1177/1088868316685018 · Cited by 807
Gender differences in narcissism: A meta-analytic review.
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Metadata
- Authors
- Brown, R. P., Budzek, K., & Tamborski, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Oklahoma (US)
- Corresponding author
- Brown, Ryan P.
- ORCID
- Brown, Ryan P.
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-06-01
- Volume
- 35
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 951-964
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W2127423490
- Cited by
- 382
- References
- 47
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 19 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 34 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 19 · 2018: 30 · 2017: 44 · 2016: 26 · 2015: 27 · 2014: 30 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 16
- FWCI
- 19.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- hdl.handle.net
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- SHAREOK (University of Oklahoma; Oklahoma State University; Central Oklahoma University) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Traits and Psychology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Personality Disorders and Psychopathology
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Keywords
- grandiose narcissism, Narcissistic Personality Inventory, grandiosity, entitlement, self-concept, mental health, ethical violations, self-esteem
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Extraversion, Psychological, Female, Health Status, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Models, Psychological, Narcissism, Personality, Personality Inventory, Probability, Psychometrics, Regression Analysis, Self Concept, Sex Factors, Conduct Disorder
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