The DOI matches its Crossref record; 70 of the 72 references it cites were found in a registry or an index; 13 of the 86 sources its claims cite were checked for support.
Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications
Abstract
Six studies examined the nostalgia-inspiration link and its motivational implications. In Study 1, nostalgia proneness was positively associated with inspiration frequency and intensity. In Studies 2 and 3, the recollection of nostalgic (vs. ordinary) experiences increased both general inspiration and specific inspiration to engage in exploratory activities. In Study 4, serial mediational analyses supported a model in which nostalgia increases social connectedness, which subsequently fosters self-esteem, which then boosts inspiration. In Study 5, a rigorous evaluation of this serial mediational model (with a novel nostalgia induction controlling for positive affect) reinforced the idea that nostalgia-elicited social connectedness increases self-esteem, which then heightens inspiration. Study 6 extended the serial mediational model by demonstrating that nostalgia-evoked inspiration predicts goal pursuit (intentions to pursue an important goal). Nostalgia spawns inspiration via social connectedness and attendant self-esteem. In turn, nostalgia-evoked inspiration bolsters motivation.
Overview
AI snapshot
Written from the paper’s full text.
TL;DR
Six studies show that nostalgia is linked to and can increase inspiration, with social connectedness and self-esteem operating as serial mediators. Nostalgia-evoked inspiration also predicts greater motivation to pursue personal goals.
Key findings
- In Study 1, nostalgia proneness correlated with inspiration frequency, \(r(83)=.23, p=.034\), inspiration intensity, \(r(83)=.30, p=.007\), and a composite inspiration measure, \(r(83)=.28, p=.010\).
- In Study 2, recalling a nostalgic versus ordinary event raised general inspiration (\(M=3.35\) vs. \(2.72\); \(F(1,147)=12.86, p<.001\)). In Study 3, it raised specific inspiration to explore novel activities (\(M=3.71\) vs. \(3.04\); \(F(1,48)=5.64, p=.022\)).
- Studies 4–6 supported a serial mediation path: nostalgia increased social connectedness, which increased self-esteem, which increased inspiration. For example, the serial indirect effect was \(a \times d \times f=.34\), 95% CI [0.08, 0.61] in Study 4, \(.43\), 95% CI [0.24, 0.66] in Study 5, and \(.35\), 95% CI [0.23, 0.50] in the pooled synthesis.
- In Study 6, nostalgia increased goal pursuit (\(M=6.74\) vs. \(6.01\); \(F=5.31, p=.024\)) and inspiration (\(M=4.22\) vs. \(3.64\); \(F=4.59, p=.035\)); the indirect path through social connectedness, self-esteem, and inspiration was \(a \times e \times h \times j=.07\), 95% CI [.02, .20] when controlling for positive affect.
Methods
- Six studies: Study 1 was a survey of 84 University of Southampton students; Studies 2–6 were experiments using nostalgia manipulations such as event reflection, nostalgic song lyrics, and narrative recall, with control or positive-event comparison conditions.
- Participants were mainly UK undergraduates and US MTurk respondents; measures included nostalgia proneness, state nostalgia, general and specific inspiration, positive affect, social connectedness, self-esteem, and goal pursuit.
- Main analyses used correlations, ANOVA, and serial mediation with bootstrapping (10,000 resamples); a research synthesis pooled Studies 4–6 (\(N=287\); \(N=285\) for positive-affect analyses), and alternative mediation sequences were compared using AIC and ECVI.
Limitations
- The paper states that Studies 3, 4, and 6 had few men, that self-report measures may capture what people say rather than what they do, and that the measurement-of-mediation design cannot establish causal chains as well as experimental-causal-chain or longitudinal designs.
- The paper also notes that future work should compare nostalgia with other positive states beyond luck and examine possible boundary conditions such as habitual worrying or neuroticism.
- Evident from the text: the samples were mostly students or MTurk participants, limiting generalizability, and Study 1 was correlational, so it cannot support causal claims.
Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.
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Claims the paper makes
13 of 86 cited sources checked · 10 supported · 0 flagged · accuracy not yet measured
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“social connectedness (i.e., a sense of acceptance, inclusion, and belongingness; Wildschut, Sedikides, Routledge, Arndt, & Cordaro, 2010;Zhou, Sedikides, Wildschut, & Gao, 2008)”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Wildschut, Sedikides, Routledge, Arndt, & Cordaro, 2010 source
- Supportedcites Zhou, Sedikides, Wildschut, & Gao, 2008 source
The General Discussion states that nostalgia strengthens social connectedness and belongingness. The Results and Discussion also report that participants who reflected on a nostalgic event perceived more social support than controls, supporting the attributed claim. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesThe cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“we assessed the effectiveness of the nostalgia manipulations with a validated three-item manipulation check (Hepper et al., 2012;Wildschut et al., 2006)”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > General Methodological Considerations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper et al., 2012 source
- Partly supportedcites Wildschut et al., 2006 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Manipulation check section describes a check of the nostalgia manipulation and reports high internal consistency (α = .96). It specifies two items, however, not the claimed three, and does not describe the check as validated. (LLM, conf=0.90)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesEvery source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“nostalgia increases social connectedness (Wildschut et al., 2006)”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Abstract
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Wildschut et al., 2006 source
The Function Question section (p. 38) reports that participants prompted to recall a nostalgic event scored higher on social bonding than controls. It also says the social-bonding effect was replicated in Study 6 and extended beyond romantic relationships in Study 7. This supports the paraphrase that nostalgia increases social connectedness. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“and behaviorally (e.g., seating distance and helping; Stephan et al., 2014)”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > How Does Nostalgia Elicit Inspiration?
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Stephan et al., 2014 source
The General Discussion states that Studies 4–5 found nostalgia increased approach behavior, measured by seating distance and helping behavior. The Study 4 results also report that participants in the nostalgia condition placed chairs closer together than controls. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“selfesteem (Hepper et al., 2012;Wildschut et al., 2006)”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper et al., 2012 source
- Supportedcites Wildschut et al., 2006 source
The Functions section reports that participants in the nostalgia condition had significantly higher self-esteem than controls (M = 5.08 vs. 4.62, p < .05). This directly supports the claim that nostalgic reflection increases self-esteem. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:direct· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesEvery source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“We implemented, in Study 2, a validated manipulation of nostalgia, the Event Reflection Task (Sedikides et al., 2015).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Study 2: Does Nostalgia Increase General State Inspiration?
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Sedikides et al., 2015 source
Section 4 identifies the Event Reflection Task (ERT) as a frequently used experimental induction of nostalgia and describes its manipulation check. Section 3.1.2.1 reports that participants assigned to reflect on a nostalgic event felt more nostalgic than those assigned an ordinary event, supporting the description of the task as validated. Page numbers were not provided in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“and raises self-esteem (Hepper et al., 2012;Wildschut et al., 2006).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Study 4: How Does Nostalgia Increase Inspiration?
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper et al., 2012 source
- Supportedcites Wildschut et al., 2006 source
The Functions section (p. 34) reports significantly higher self-esteem in the nostalgia condition than in the control condition (5.08 versus 4.62, p < .05). The Discussion likewise describes nostalgia as increasing self-regard. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“This nostalgia manipulation has been validated in prior research (Cheung et al., 2013;Routledge et al., 2011).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Study 4: How Does Nostalgia Increase Inspiration?
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Cheung et al., 2013 source
The Study 4 summary (p. 21) explicitly calls the nostalgic-versus-control song-lyrics manipulation a validated technique. The Results and Discussion (p. 17) also report that participants who read personally nostalgic lyrics felt more nostalgic than those who read control lyrics. (LLM, conf=0.94)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Routledge et al., 2011 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes- Supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“For example, the positive and negative elements of nostalgic narratives are often juxtaposed so as to form a redemption sequence (Sedikides, Wildschut, Arndt, & Routledge, 2006;Wildschut et al., 2006).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Implications
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Sedikides, Wildschut, Arndt, & Routledge, 2006
- Supportedcites Wildschut et al., 2006 source
The Study 1 Discussion (Nostalgia 11) states that negative and positive elements of nostalgic narratives were often juxtaposed to form a redemption sequence. The Study 2 Discussion likewise reports that negative life scenes were commonly followed by successes or triumphs. (LLM, conf=0.95)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesA result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nostalgia was positive related to this overall inspiration measure, r(83) = .28,p = .010.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Results and Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passes
- Probably not a substantial claim. 33
- It may state two separate claims as one. 43
- The quote only partly states this claim. 3
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“felt commonly (approximately 3 times a week; Wildschut, Sedikides, Arndt, & Routledge, 2006)”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Abstract
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Wildschut, Sedikides, Arndt, & Routledge, 2006 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Frequency of Nostalgia section says nostalgia was common: 79% of participants reported experiencing it at least weekly. Three or four times a week was the most frequently selected response (26%), but the median response was approximately twice a week, so three times a week is not supported as a typical frequency for participants overall. (LLM, conf=0.85)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
- Partly supported
Every source the paper cites for this claim was checked and supports it.
In the paper
“Nostalgia affords not only remarkable intrapersonal benefits (Sedikides et al., 2015) but also distinct patterns of futureoriented tendencies (i.e., inspiration, goal pursuit).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Summary of Findings
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Sedikides et al., 2015 source
The citation is attached to the claim about intrapersonal benefits, not the subsequent claim about inspiration and goal pursuit. The paper’s Section 6.1 overview says nostalgia fosters self-positivity and adds meaning to life; Section 4.4 likewise describes its self-oriented and existential functions. (LLM, conf=0.94)
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
The cited sources support only part of this claim — read each source’s verdict below.
In the paper
“We conceptualized nostalgia as a self-relevant, social, and predominantly positive emotion serving key psychological functions.These functions include (but are not limited to) PA, social connectedness, and self-esteem (Sedikides et al., 2015).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > General Discussion
What the sources say
- Partly supportedcites Sedikides et al., 2015 sourceExperimental — accuracy not yet measured
The Abstract describes nostalgia as predominantly positive and fundamentally social, while §4.4 identifies social connectedness and self-esteem as functions. Section 4.4 also says nostalgia can increase positive affect (PA), but distinguishes that affective effect from its psychological functions; §6.1 says those functions can occur regardless of positive affect. Thus, listing PA as a function overstates the source. (LLM, conf=0.88)
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Partly supported
The sources with a verdict support this claim; the rest weren’t checked yet, have no full text we could read, or their verdicts aren’t rated yet.
In the paper
“This may explain why, despite the presence of negative affect, nostalgia is often experienced as a positive emotion and is associated with optimism (Cheung et al., 2013) and growth (Baldwin & Landau, 2014).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Implications
What the sources say
- Supportedcites Cheung et al., 2013 source
The Historical and Contemporary Conceptions of Nostalgia section (p. 5) describes nostalgia as bittersweet but says its positive affect outweighs its negative affect. The Coda (p. 24) states that the research established that nostalgia promotes optimism. The separate claim about growth is attributed to Baldwin and Landau, not to this paper. (LLM, conf=0.93)
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Baldwin & Landau, 2014 source
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Supported
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nostalgia was positively related to both inspiration frequency, r(83) = .23,p = .034,and inspiration intensity, r(83) = .30,p = .007.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Results and Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Nostalgia was positively related to both inspiration frequency, r(83) = .23,p = .034,and inspiration intensity, r(83) = .30,p = .007.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Results and Discussion
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesThe quote only partly states this claim.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In Study 5, a rigorous evaluation of this serial mediational model (with a novel nostalgia induction controlling for positive affect) reinforced the idea that nostalgia-elicited social connectedness increases self-esteem, which then heightens inspiration.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Abstract
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Whereas the unique indirect effect via PA was significant in the research synthesis, it was not significant in any of the three individual studies (Table 2, Parallel mediational analysis).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Mediational Analyses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Both types of analysis yielded significant indirect effects via PA, social connectedness, and self-esteem.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Mediational Analyses
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results were identical to those obtained previously (Study 4) and subsequently (Study 6) with the ordinary-event control condition.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Weaknesses
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We found that social connectedness per se predicted increased inspiration and mediated the effect of nostalgia on inspiration.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Implications
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“However, Studies 1, 2, and 6 included adequate numbers of men and found no hint of sex differences in the relation between nostalgia and inspiration.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Weaknesses
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The current findings are consistent with this work, showing, in the context of simple mediational analyses, that nostalgia increased inspiration by generating PA and boosting self-esteem (Study 4).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Implications
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The analyses revealed that increased PA can be sufficient, but is not necessary, to carry the effect of nostalgia to social connectedness (and henceforth to self-esteem and inspiration).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Additional information
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A result the paper reports from its own data — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We established that nostalgia is associated with, and indeed prompts, inspiration-both general and specific.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Coda
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Inspiration is an evoked experience that involves transcendence of ordinary preoccupations and motivates goal pursuit or behavior (Thrash & Elliot, 2003, 2004).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Nostalgia and Inspiration
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Thrash & Elliot, 2003, 2004
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies 1, 2 and 5 contained adequate numbers of men and obtained no evidence for sex differences.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > General Methodological Considerations
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Thrash and Elliot's (2003) findings suggest that PA and high self-esteem are crucial antecedents of inspiration.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > How Does Nostalgia Elicit Inspiration?
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thrash and Elliot's (2003) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Nostalgia, then, is a self-relevant, but social, as well as predominantly positive emotion that is felt commonly (approximately 3 times a week; Wildschut, Sedikides, Arndt, & Routledge, 2006) and across cultures (18 countries spanning five continents; Hepper et al., 2014).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper et al., 2012 source
- Not matchedcites The New Oxford Dictionary of English (1998)
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“as well as efficiency and productivity in writing (Thrash, Maruskin, et al., 2010)”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Does Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration Bolster Goal Pursuit?
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thrash, Maruskin, et al., 2010 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“across cultures (18 countries spanning five continents; Hepper et al., 2014)”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper et al., 2014 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“describe themselves as curious, perceive curiosity as an opportunity for growth, and engage in information search to satisfy their curiosity (Kumashiro & Sedikides, 2005;Mikulincer, 1997)”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > How Does Nostalgia Elicit Inspiration?
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“the daily experience of inspiration predicts work mastery and creativity (Thrash & Elliot, 2003).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Does Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration Bolster Goal Pursuit?
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thrash & Elliot, 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“trait inspiration predicts creativity in writing and poetry (Thrash, Maruskin, Cassidy, Fryer, & Ryan, 2010)”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Does Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration Bolster Goal Pursuit?
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thrash, Maruskin, Cassidy, Fryer, & Ryan, 2010 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“and that nostalgia augments both (Routledge, Wildschut, Sedikides, & Juhl, 2013)”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Routledge, Wildschut, Sedikides, & Juhl, 2013 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
The paper states this without a source or data behind it here, so there is nothing to check it against. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The association between social connectedness and inspiration has not been tested.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > How Does Nostalgia Elicit Inspiration?
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✗ Based: failsProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. The paper may give no reason why it holds.
In the paper
“Hepper, Ritchie, Sedikides, and Wildschut (2012) demonstrated that laypersons conceive of nostalgia as a predominantly positive, social, and past-oriented emotion.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Hepper, Ritchie, Sedikides, and Wildschut (2012) source
Strength:boosted· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes? Load-bearing: unclear✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Hence, evidence links, albeit indirectly, social connectedness to cognitive openness and greater engagement with the environment, both of which were identified by Thrash and Elliot (2004) as antecedents to inspiration.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > How Does Nostalgia Elicit Inspiration?
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thrash and Elliot (2004) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Rests on an assumption: Social connectedness is a trademark of attachment security.
In the paper
“Researchers have argued that inspiration not only entails transcendence of mundane preoccupations, but it also motivates goal pursuit or behavior (Thrash & Elliot, 2003, 2004).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Does Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration Bolster Goal Pursuit?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Thrash & Elliot, 2003, 2004
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Inspiration consists of two interrelated processes (Thrash, Elliot, Maruskin, & Cassidy, 2010).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Nostalgia and Inspiration
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thrash, Elliot, Maruskin, & Cassidy, 2010 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
In the paper
“trait inspiration predicts increased goal progress over time (Milyavskaya, Ianakieva, Foxen-Craft, Colantuoni, & Koestner, 2012).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Does Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration Bolster Goal Pursuit?
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Milyavskaya, Ianakieva, Foxen-Craft, Colantuoni, & Koestner, 2012
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“In the experiments (Studies 2-6), we did so under the stipulation that the number of observations per condition (n condition ) should be equal to or greater than 20 (Simmons, Nelson, & Simonsohn, 2011).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > General Methodological Considerations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Simmons, Nelson, & Simonsohn, 2011 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Research has now established that PA and self-esteem are antecedents of inspiration (Thrash & Elliot, 2003)”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Abstract
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thrash & Elliot, 2003 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We therefore excluded sex from the reported analyses.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > General Methodological Considerations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Serial mediational analyses gave credence to a theoretically grounded model in which nostalgia increases social connectedness, which subsequently fosters self-esteem, which then boosts inspiration.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Mediational analyses.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“it is inadvisable to make claims of complete (vs.partial) mediation based on the non-significance of the direct effect”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > General Methodological Considerations
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
In the paper
“Indeed, Thrash and Elliot (2004) identified environmental engagement and cognitive openness as antecedents to inspiration.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Study 4: How Does Nostalgia Increase Inspiration?
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thrash and Elliot (2004) source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Study 5 furnished additional support for the mediating role of social connectedness and self-esteem: Nostalgia raised social connectedness, which predicted increased selfesteem, which foreshadowed inspiration.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Mediational analyses.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Social connectedness forms a platform for self-esteem and gives rise to it.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Mediational analyses.
What the sources say
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“we regard these analyses as informative, because they placed our hypotheses at risk (Fiedler, Schott, & Meiser, 2011).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > General Methodological Considerations
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Fiedler, Schott, & Meiser, 2011 source
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“By using the term indirect effect, we adopt the terminology of intervening variable models and do not claim support for causal effects.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Mediational analyses.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“To secure high statistical power, we also report a research synthesis based on the combined data of Studies 4 to 6.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > General Methodological Considerations
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We randomly assigned them to the nostalgia (n = 73) or positive-event (n = 77) condition.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Method
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two independent judges identified three broad themes in the listed goals: social (e.g., having a family), agentic (e.g., graduating with good grades), and hedonistic (e.g., enjoying life).They agreed on 94.8% of the cases (k = .89)and resolved disagreements through discussion.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Nostalgia and inspiration.
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Two participants failed to complete the PA measure.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Method
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedn = 2Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We assigned them randomly to the nostalgia (n = 39) or control (n = 38) condition.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Method
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“This provides justification for examining perceived rather than actual social connectedness.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Weaknesses
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✗ Checkable: fails✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may be too vague to check against evidence.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“From a methodological standpoint, we capitalized on a systematic sequence of studies, with a consistent replicate-and-extend strategy.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Strengths
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
In the paper
“Given that individuals were nested within studies, our analyses featured”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Research Synthesis
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Hayes, 2013
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one. The quote only partly states this claim.
- Not matched
In the paper
“Thrash and Elliot (2003) identified PA and self-esteem as antecedents of inspiration.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Implications
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thrash & Elliot, 2003 source
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“In all, by strengthening psychological resources-most crucially, social connectedness and self-esteem-nostalgia inspires individuals to enact new ideas and plans, which facilitate goal pursuit.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Summary of Findings
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The original model, in addition to being firmly grounded in prior theory, provided a superior description of the combined data from Studies 4 to 6.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Testing Alternative Models
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Our research offers a way to promote inspiration: Waxing nostalgic (and repeatedly so) will lead to (and sustain) inspiration.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Strengths
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A claim is checked only against the cited paper’s full text, never its abstract, and none is available for its sources.
In the paper
“We defined inspiration as an experience that involves evocation (triggering by a stimulus beyond the self), transcendence (moving away from the routine and becoming aware of possibilities), and an approach orientation (feeling ready for enacting a new idea or plan; Thrash & Elliot, 2003, 2004).Inspiration can be general (”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Summary of Findings
What the sources say
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“PA, social connectedness, and self-esteem qualified singly as mechanisms through which nostalgia enhances inspiration.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Summary of Findings
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“That is, the postulated mediational chains comprised several links.Failure of even a single link would have invalidated the hypothesized models, but each link held and did so repeatedly.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Weaknesses
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Study 5, in particular, reinforced this model while ruling out the role of PA.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Summary of Findings
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Studies 3, 4, and 6 contained few men, and there may be sex differences that those studies could not detect.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Weaknesses
Strength:hedged· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“We also used several techniques to manipulate nostalgia (e.g., vividrecall, song lyrics, inclusion of a positive-event control condition), relied both on student and community (MTurk) samples, and recruited participants from two cultures (the United Kingdom, the United States).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Strengths
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, nostalgia-evoked inspiration bolstered motivation, and did so via a serial mediational pathway involving social connectedness and self-esteem (Study 6).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Summary of Findings
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
None of the sources cited for this claim have been checked yet.
In the paper
“Within a set of models for the same data, the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC; Akaike, 1974) and Expected Cross Validation Index (ECVI; Browne & Cudeck, 1993) can be used to compare competing models that need not be nested (smaller is better).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Testing Alternative Models
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Akaike, 1974 source
- Not matchedcites Browne & Cudeck, 1993
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. It may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“The results were consistent with a theoretical model according to which nostalgia-evoked inspiration spawns motivational goal pursuit, and it does so through increases in social connectedness and self-esteem.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Summary. Study 6 focused on the motivational implications of nostalgia-evoked inspiration.
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
A conclusion the paper draws from its own results — it cites no other source for it, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“Finally, the mediation models in Studies 4 to 6 support a theoretically grounded sequence that follows from prior work on the functions of nostalgia, but would be more challenging to explain if the observed effects were due to some other consequence of the nostalgia manipulation.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Weaknesses
Tests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although inspiration and positive affect (PA) are positively correlated (Thrash & Elliot, 2003), inspiration is distinct from PA and has unique antecedents, correlates, and consequences (Thrash, 2007).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Additional information
What the sources say
- Not matchedcites Thrash, 2007
Couldn’t be matched to a paper in Crossref, so it can’t be checked.
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
- Not matched
What the paper did — it cites no source for this, so there is none to check. The quote shows it is in the paper.
In the paper
“All items loaded on their intended factors (and not on other factors), supporting the conclusion that they measured empirically distinct constructs.”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Additional information
Load-bearingStrength:plain· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✓ Load-bearing: passes✓ Based: passesIt may state two separate claims as one.
In the paper
“Although inspiration and positive affect (PA) are positively correlated (Thrash & Elliot, 2003), inspiration is distinct from PA and has unique antecedents, correlates, and consequences (Thrash, 2007).”
§ Nostalgia-Evoked Inspiration: Mediating Mechanisms and Motivational Implications > Additional information
What the sources say
- Not checked — no full text of the sourcecites Thrash & Elliot, 2003 source
Strength:plain· not yet calibratedCausal:correlational· not yet calibratedTests✓ Asserted: passes✓ Checkable: passes✗ Load-bearing: fails✓ Based: passesProbably not a substantial claim. The paper’s conclusions may not depend on it.
The paper relies on this without support.
Social connectedness is a trademark of attachment security.
“However, social connectedness is a trademark of attachment security.”
The paper relies on this without support.
The nostalgia manipulation check is a valid measure of state nostalgia.
“The nostalgia manipulation check followed.”
“Correlational analyses involving the nostalgia manipulation check revealed that the more nostalgic participants felt, the more inspired they were, r(150) = .45,p < .001.”
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“In all the experiments using this induction, reading nostalgic (vs. non-nostalgic) lyrics increased social connectedness.”
From Nostalgia: An impactful social emotion (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Investigations have revealed that nostalgia increases both inspiration [31] and optimism [6] and that social connectedness and self-esteem sequentially mediate these effects.”
From Nostalgia: An impactful social emotion (2023) · cites this paper as [31]
Statistics that don’t add up
Each reported p-value recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom.
Inconsistent p-value: r(83) = .30,p = .007
MinorThe paper reports p = .007 here; recomputing from the test statistic and its degrees of freedom gives p = .005 (two-tailed). The check cannot tell whether the statistic or the p-value is the misprint.
Reported p = .007 · recomputed p = .005
“r(83) = .30,p = .007”
Statistics recomputed
Every reported test result, recomputed from its test statistic and degrees of freedom. A result shows as not adding up only once an independent check has confirmed it.
- Doesn’t add upr(83) = 0.3reported p = .007 · recomputed p = .005
“r(83) = .30,p = .007”
- Consistentr(84) = 0.64reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“r(84) = .64,p < .001”
- Consistentr(83) = 0.23reported p = .034 · recomputed p = .034
“r(83) = .23,p = .034”
- Consistentr(83) = 0.75reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“r(83) = .75,p < .001”
- Consistentr(83) = 0.28reported p = .01 · recomputed p = .009
“r(83) = .28,p = .010”
- ConsistentF(1, 147) = 12.86reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“F(1, 147) = 12.86, p < .001”
- Consistentr(149) = 0.41reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“r(149) = .41,p < .001”
- ConsistentF(1, 48) = 5.64reported p = .022 · recomputed p = .022
“F(1, 48) = 5.64, p = .022”
- Consistentr(50) = 0.47reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“r(50) = .47,p < .001”
- Consistentr(59) = 0.53reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“r(59) = .53,p < .001”
- ConsistentF(1, 145) = 10.02reported p = .002 · recomputed p = .002
“F(1, 145) = 10.02,p = .002”
- Consistentr(150) = 0.45reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“r(150) = .45,p < .001”
- Consistentr(77) = 0.4reported p < .001 · recomputed p < .001
“r(77) = .40,p < .001”
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.
The discussion names the wrong study as having enough men
MinorThe methodological section identifies Studies 1, 2, and 5 as having adequate numbers of men, but the weaknesses section substitutes Study 6. Study 6 reports 15 men, consistent with the methodological section's statement that it had fewer than 20.
“However, Studies 1, 2, and 6 included adequate numbers of men and found no hint of sex differences in the relation between nostalgia and inspiration.”
“However, Studies 1, 2 and 5 contained adequate numbers of men and obtained no evidence for sex differences.”
Citations
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Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Sedikides C., The handbook of positive clinical psychology
- Sedikides C., 2006, Affect in social thinking and behavior: Frontiers in social psychology, 197
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 101–146 of 146
From nostalgia, through communion, to psychological benefits: the moderating role of narcissism
Białobrzeska, O., Wildschut, T., & Sedikides, C. (2023) · Self and Identity · doi:10.1080/15298868.2023.2228544 · Cited by 6
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Tan, S., Chong, P. L. G., Tan, S., & Tan, B. C. (2025) · Wellbeing Space and Society · doi:10.1016/j.wss.2025.100318 · Cited by 5
Farber, B. A., Roe, D., & Cherner, R. (2025) · Counselling Psychology Quarterly · doi:10.1080/09515070.2025.2517011 · Cited by 4
Remembering the Past for Better Future: Positive Effect of Nostalgia on Hope
Putri, A. R., Andangsari, E. W., Hurriyati, E. A., Fitri, R. A., & Dhamayanti, M. (2023) · E3S Web of Conferences · doi:10.1051/e3sconf/202338804019 · Cited by 3
Nostalgia, authenticity and wellbeing in autistic and non-autistic young adults
Bennett, J., Rathbone, C. J., & Wilmut, K. (2024) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-024-06296-8 · Cited by 3
Mapping inspiration in human resources: A systematic review of themes and approaches
Vagisha, V., James, P. S., & Iyer, V. (2023) · F1000Research · doi:10.12688/f1000research.128853.1 · Cited by 3
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From awe to identity and revisit intention: Evidence from heritage tourism
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Harmonizing the past: EEG-based brain network unveil modality-specific mechanisms of nostalgia
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Linking Personal Nostalgia, Subjective Vitality, and Tourist Wellbeing—A Mixed‐Methods Approach
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The past, the present and The Mandalorian
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Metadata
- Authors
- Stephan, E., Sedikides, C., Wildschut, T., Cheung, W.-Y., Routledge, C., & Arndt, J.
- Affiliations
- Bar-Ilan University (IL)
- University of Southampton (GB)
- North Dakota State University (US)
- University of Missouri (US)
- Corresponding author
- Stephan, Elena
- Venue
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2015-07-30
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 10
- Pages
- 1395-1410
- ISSN
- 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7433
- OpenAlex
- W1684290529
- Cited by
- 148
- References
- 72
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 13 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 14 · 2021: 11 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 13 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 2
- FWCI
- 16.36
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- ePrints Soton (University of Southampton) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Nostalgia and Consumer Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Identity, Memory, and Therapy
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Psychological and Educational Research Studies
- Keywords
- nostalgia, inspiration, motivation, social connectedness, self-esteem, exploratory behavior, goal pursuit, serial mediation
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Emotions, Female, Goals, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motivation, Mental Recall, Self Concept, Social Perception, Young Adult
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