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Measures of Anchoring in Estimation Tasks

Jacowitz, Karen E., Kahneman, Daniel·1995·Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin

Abstract

The authors describe a method for the quantitative study of anchoring effects in estimation tasks. A calibration group provides estimates of a set of uncertain quantities. Subjects in the anchored condition first judge whether a specified number (the anchor) is higher or lower than the true value before estimating each quantity. The anchors are set at predetermined percentiles of the distribution of estimates in the calibration group (15th and 85th percentiles in this study). This procedure permits the transformation of anchored estimates into percentiles in the calibration group, allows pooling of results across problems, and provides a natural measure of the size of the effect. The authors illustrate the method by a demonstration that the initial judgment of the anchor is susceptible to an anchoring-like bias and by an analysis of the relation between anchoring and subjective confidence.

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Metadata

Authors
Jacowitz, K. E., & Kahneman, D.
Venue
Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
Published
1995-11
Volume
21
Issue
11
Pages
1161-1166
ISSN
  • 0146-1672 (ISSN-L)
  • 1552-7433
OpenAlex
W2147091291
Cited by
746
References
2
FWCI
4.18
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Measures of Anchoring in Estimation Tasks. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/01461672952111004
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Jacowitz, K. E., & Kahneman, D. (1995). Measures of Anchoring in Estimation Tasks. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin. https://doi.org/10.1177/01461672952111004

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Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.