At What Level (and in Whom) We Trust: Trust Across Multiple Organizational Levels
Abstract
Despite the importance of trust across multiple levels in organizations, extant reviews have focused predominantly on trust at the individual level. A systematic review of trust research across levels and trust referents is sorely needed to synthesize the growing number of both micro and macro studies on this topic. Moreover, as trust is a linchpin for divergent areas, such as negotiation, leadership, team processes, human resource management, organizational change, entrepreneurship, and strategic alliances, a multilevel–multireferent review of trust can facilitate integration in the field of organizational sciences. In this review, the authors adopt a levels-of-analysis approach to organize the research on trust between 2000 and 2011 in multiple referents that include interpersonal, team, and organization at the individual, team, and organizational levels and analyze the similarities and differences in antecedents, consequences, and theoretical perspectives dominant at each level. Building on this foundation, the authors identify current strengths, weaknesses, and research gaps; offer recommendations for integration across levels and referents; and discuss lingering questions that research so far has overlooked. In doing so, the review offers a systematic and comprehensive view of the current state of the trust literature in organizational sciences and provides a blueprint for future research.
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Trust plays a critical role in most work relationship theories.
“Trust plays a critical role in most work relationship theories (Ferris et al., 2009; Fulmer & Gelfand, 2012).”
From A meta-analysis of the role of trust in the leadership- performance relationship (2021) · cites this paper as Fulmer & Gelfand, 2012
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- Authors
- Fulmer, C. A., & Gelfand, M. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Maryland, College Park (US)
- Venue
- Journal of Management
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-05-29
- Volume
- 38
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 1167-1230
- ISSN
- 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1211
- OpenAlex
- W2108104236
- Cited by
- 886
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2026: 61 · 2025: 84 · 2024: 68 · 2023: 64 · 2022: 66 · 2021: 79 · 2020: 88 · 2019: 73 · 2018: 64 · 2017: 57 · 2016: 58 · 2015: 48 · 2014: 40 · 2013: 28 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 79.04
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Management (publishedVersion, public-domain)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Capital and Networks
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Social Power and Status Dynamics
- Keywords
- trust, levels of analysis, interpersonal trust, team trust, organizational trust, antecedents of trust, consequences of trust, research gaps
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