Putting the System Into Performance Management Systems: A Review and Agenda for Performance Management Research

Schleicher, Deidra J.; Baumann, Heidi M.; Sullivan, David W.; Levy, Paul E.; Hargrove, Darel C.; Barros-Rivera, Brenda A.

doi:10.1177/0149206318755303

Cited by 173Accounting and Organizational ManagementHuman Resource and Talent ManagementManagement Theory and Practice

Putting the System Into Performance Management Systems: A Review and Agenda for Performance Management Research

Schleicher, Deidra J., Baumann, Heidi M., Sullivan, David W., Levy, Paul E., Hargrove, Darel C., Barros-Rivera, Brenda A.·2018·Journal of Management

DOI 10.1177/0149206318755303

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Abstract

It has been 13 years since the last comprehensive review of the performance management (PM) literature, and a lot has changed in both research and practice in that time. The current review updates (identifying new research directions post 2004) and extends this previous work by creating a systems-based taxonomy and conceptual model of PM. We then use this model to interpret and integrate the extensive work in this area and to identify fruitful and systems-based directions for future PM work. As input to our conclusions, we reviewed the last 36-plus years of PM research (1980–2017) and conducted a comprehensive coding of all empirical PM articles. We offer several specific directions for future PM research, with the ultimate goal of improving PM in practice.

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Traditional performance management lacks alignment with current business cycles in providing timely feedback.
“Both academic literature (Levy et al. 2017;Schleicher et al. 2018) and practice-oriented literature (Armitage and Parrey 2013;Buckingham and Goodall 2015;Cappelli and Tavis 2016) emphasizes that traditional performance management lacks to be in line with current business cycles in providing timely feedback.”
From How affordances of chatbots cross the chasm between social and traditional enterprise systems (2020) · cites this paper as Schleicher et al. 2018

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Hernandez, M., Avery, D. R., Tonidandel, S., Hebl, M. R., Smith, A. N., & McKay, P. F. (2015) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000030 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Investigating Some Neglected Criteria: The Influence of Organizational Level and Perceived System Knowledge on Appraisal Reactions
Williams, J. R., & Levy, P. E. (2000) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1023/a:1022988402319 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Self-citation
Employee feedback orientation: implications for effective coaching relationships
Gregory, J. B., & Levy, P. E. (2012) · Coaching An International Journal of Theory Research and Practice · doi:10.1080/17521882.2012.691888 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Self-citation
Rating Performance or Contesting Status: Evidence Against the Homophily Explanation for Supervisor Demographic Skew in Performance Ratings
Pearce, J. L., & Xu, Q. J. (2010) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1100.0585 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Inherently Relational: Interactions between Peers’ and Individuals’ Personalities Impact Reward Giving and Appraisal of Individual Performance
Erez, A., Schilpzand, P., Leavitt, K., Woolum, A. H., & Judge, T. A. (2014) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2011.0214 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Employee perceptions of performance appraisal fairness in two organizations.
Evans, E. M., & McShane, S. L. (1988) · Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science/Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement · doi:10.1037/h0079926 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
From approach to inhibition: The influence of power on responses to poor performers.
Ferguson, A. J., Ormiston, M. E., & Moon, H. K. (2010) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0018376 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Matching Versus Mismatching Cultural Norms in Performance Appraisal
Mok, A., Cheng, C., & Morris, M. W. (2010) · International Journal of Cross Cultural Management · doi:10.1177/1470595809359584 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Can usefulness of performance appraisal interviews change organizational justice perceptions? A 4-year longitudinal study among public sector employees
Linna, A., Elovainio, M. J., van den Bos, K., Mika Kivimaki, B., Pentti, J., & Vahtera, J. (2011) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.579915 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Unfairness begets unfairness: Victim derogation bias in employee ratings
Skarlicki, D. P., & Turner, R. A. (2014) · Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes · doi:10.1016/j.obhdp.2013.11.004 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Global Performance Management Systems
Cascio, W. F. (2006) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781845428235.00016 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Managerial Discretion in the Use Of Self-Ratings in an Appraisal System: The Antecedents And Consequences
Inderrieden, E. J., Allen, R. E. B., & Keaveny, T. J. (2004) · e-Publications@Marquette (Marquette University) · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Subordinate Reactions to the Use of Impression Management Tactics and Feedback by the Supervisor
Kacmar, K. M., Wayne, S. J., & Wright, P. M. (1996) · Journal of managerial issues · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Source-Monitoring Training: Toward Reducing Rater Expectancy Effects in Behavioral Measurement.
Martell, R. F., & Evans, D. P. (2005) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.5.956 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Accuracy and effectiveness in appraisal outcomes: the influence of self‐efficacy, personal factors and organisational variables
Wood, R. E., & Marshall, V. (2008) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2008.00067.x · Cited by 37 · cited 2× · see citing works
“…Hope-Hailey, & Kelliher, 2011) Resources ● Charismatic leadership (Tuytens & Devos, 2012a) ● Leadership support (Ayers, 2013) ● Senior management concern for PM (Wood & Marshall, 2008) ● Organizational investment in PM (Yang & Klaas, 2011) Strategy and PM purpose ● Strategic integration…”
Background
Performance Management
Boselie, P., Farndale, E., & Paauwe, J. (2012) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9780857938718.00022 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Organizational rewards: considering employee need in allocation
Day, J. W., Holladay, C. L., Johnson, S. K., & Barron, L. G. (2014) · Personnel Review · doi:10.1108/pr-09-2012-0156 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Building Goal Alignment in Federal Agencies’ Performance Appraisal Programs
Ayers, R. S. (2013) · Public Personnel Management · doi:10.1177/0091026013496077 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Declared versus actual organizational culture as indicated by an organization's performance appraisal
Hofstetter, H., & Harpaz, I. (2011) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.561217 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Identifying acceptable performance appraisal criteria: An international perspective
Taormina, R. J., & Gao, J. (2009) · Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.1177/1038411108099292 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Exploration, exploitation and human resource management practices in cooperative and entrepreneurial HR configurations
Medcof, J. W., & Song, L. J. (2013) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.756055 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
High tech and high performance: Managing appraisal in the information age
Miller, J. S. (2003) · Journal of Labor Research · doi:10.1007/s12122-003-1004-3 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Who is attracted to an organisation using a forced distribution performance management system
Blume, B. D., Rubin, R. S., & Baldwin, T. T. (2013) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12016 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Examining the Role of Narrative Performance Appraisal Comments on Performance
David, E. (2013) · Human Performance · doi:10.1080/08959285.2013.836197 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Performance management in unionized settings
Brown, T. C., & Warren, A. M. (2010) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2010.09.005 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Systems Model of the Performance Appraisal Interview Process
Klein, H. J., Snell, S. A., & Wexley, K. N. (1987) · Industrial Relations A Journal of Economy and Society · doi:10.1111/j.1468-232x.1987.tb00711.x · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Forced distribution rating systems: When does “rank and yank” lead to adverse impact?
Giumetti, G. W., Schroeder, A. N., & Switzer, F. S. (2014) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/a0037191 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Expatriate performance management and firm internationalization: Australian multinationals in China
Fee, A., McGrath‐Champ, S., & Yang, X. (2011) · Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.1177/1038411111413529 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Pay dispersion and the financial performance of the firm: evidence from Korea
Yang, H., & Klaas, B. S. (2011) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.580182 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Impression management tactics and affective context: influence on sales performance appraisal
Bande, B., González, J. A. V., Ferrín, P. F., & Araújo, M. L. D. R. (2007) · European Journal of Marketing · doi:10.1108/03090560710737651 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Attitudes of Malaysian Teachers Toward a Performance‐Appraisal System
Rahman, S. A. (2006) · Journal of Applied Social Psychology · doi:10.1111/j.0021-9029.2006.00141.x · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Frequency and Determinants of Residents’ Narrative Feedback on the Teaching Performance of Faculty
van der Leeuw, R. M., Overeem, K., Arah, O. A., Heineman, M. J., & Lombarts, K. M. J. M. H. (2013) · Academic Medicine · doi:10.1097/acm.0b013e31829e3af4 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
The impact of rater agreeableness and rating context on the evaluation of poor performance
Randall, R., & Sharples, D. (2010) · Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1348/2044-8325.002002 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
'It's Not My Fault-But Only I Can Change It": Counterfactual and Prefactual Thoughts of Managers.
Goerke, M., Møller, J., Schulz‐Hardt, S., Napiersky, U., & Frey, D. (2004) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.89.2.279 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Influence of a Manager's Own Performance Appraisal on the Evaluation of Others
Latham, G. P., Budworth, M.-H. E., Yanar, B., & Whyte, G. (2008) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/j.1468-2389.2008.00428.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The effect of procedural justice in the relationship between charismatic leadership and feedback reactions in performance appraisal
Tuytens, M., & Devos, G. (2012) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.639535 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Unionised employee's reactions to the introduction of a goal‐based performance appraisal system1
Krats, P., & Brown, T. C. (2012) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/j.1748-8583.2012.00205.x · Cited by 26 · see citing works
A comparative study of performance appraisals, incentives and rewards practices in domestic and multinational enterprises in the country of Brunei Darussalam
Singh, S., Mohamed, A. F., & Darwish, T. K. (2013) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2013.777933 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Do Raters Consider the Influence of Situational Factors on Observed Performance When Evaluating Performance? Evidence From Three Experiments
Jawahar, I. M. “. (2004) · Group & Organization Management · doi:10.1177/1059601104267664 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Between-Individual Comparisons in Performance Evaluation: A Perspective From Prospect Theory.
Wong, K. F. E., & Kwong, J. Y. Y. (2005) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-9010.90.2.284 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Performance appraisal politics from appraisee perspective: a study of antecedents in the Indian context
Dhiman, A., & Maheshwari, S. K. (2012) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2012.706816 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Private child welfare agency managers' perceptions of the effectiveness of different performance management strategies
Collins‐Camargo, C., Chuang, E., McBeath, B., & Bunger, A. C. (2014) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2014.01.019 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Effects on organizational context (culture and climate) from implementing a 360-degree feedback system: The case of Arcelik
Mamatoğlu, N. (2008) · European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology · doi:10.1080/13594320802281094 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
The impact of interdependence on performance evaluations: the mediating role of discomfort with performance appraisal
Robertson, M. C. S., & Brutus, S. (2013) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2013.792864 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Combining Workstation Design and Performance Management to Increase Ergonomically Correct Computer Typing Postures
Culig, K. M., Dickinson, A. M., Lindstrom-Hazel, D., & Austin, J. (2008) · Journal of Organizational Behavior Management · doi:10.1080/01608060802251064 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Impact and Causes of Rater Severity/Leniency in Appraisals without Postevaluation Communication Between Raters and Ratees
Dewberry, C., Davies‐Muir, A., & Newell, S. J. (2013) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12038 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Clinical Governance, Performance Appraisal and Interactional and Procedural Fairness at a New Zealand Public Hospital
Clarke, C., Harcourt, M., & Flynn, M. (2012) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-012-1550-9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Image Theory and the Appraisal of Employee Performance: To Screen or Not to Screen?
Pesta, B. J., Kass, D., & Dunegan, K. J. (2005) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-004-2232-0 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Exploring cultural dimensions as predictors of performance management preferences: the case of self-initiating expatriate New Zealanders in Belgium
Ellis, D. R. (2011) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2011.581634 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Rater Personality and Performance Dimension Weighting in Making Overall Performance Judgments
Ogunfowora, B., Bourdage, J., & Lee, K. (2010) · Journal of Business and Psychology · doi:10.1007/s10869-009-9144-y · Cited by 16 · see citing works
The Role of Core Self-Evaluations in Predicting Performance Appraisal Reactions
Kamer, B., & Annen, H. (2010) · Swiss Journal of Psychology · doi:10.1024/1421-0185/a000011 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Identification of management development needs: a comparison across companies of different ownership – foreign, joint venture and local in Sri Lanka
Wickramasinghe, V. (2005) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585190500220796 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Two for the Price of One: Assessment Center Training to Focus on Behaviors Can Transfer to Performance Appraisals
Macan, T. M., Mehner, K., Havill, L., Meriac, J. P., Roberts, L. L., & Heft, L. L. (2011) · Human Performance · doi:10.1080/08959285.2011.614664 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Determinants of the Anonymity of the CEO Evaluation Process
Silva, P. A., & Tosi, H. L. (2004) · Journal of managerial issues · Cited by 10 · see citing works
The Role of Due Process in Performance Appraisal: A 20-Year Retrospective
Cropanzano, R., Ambrose, M. L., Levy, P. E., Cavanaugh, C. M., Frantz, N. B., & Borden, L. A. (2015) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199981410.013.29 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Self-citation
On the relationship between work contexts, mandates and compliance behaviours of supervisors
Anderson, J. R., & Johnson, N. B. (2005) · Journal of Change Management · doi:10.1080/14697010500401508 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
An individual differences approach to the halo-accuracy paradox
Jackson, C. J. (1996) · Personality and Individual Differences · doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(96)00144-4 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Driving Business Value from Performance Management at Caterpillar
Goh, F. A., & Anderson, M. C. (2007) · Organization development journal · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Investigation of 360-degree instrumentation effects: application of the Rasch rating scale model.
Kulas, J., & Hannum, K. M. (2007) · PubMed · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Performance Contract Management in Regional Local Government - Victoria
Pullin, L., & Haidar, A. (2003) · Asia Pacific Journal of Human Resources · doi:10.1177/1038411103041003003 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
A comparison of written feedback and written plus verbal feedback methods in performance management
Erdemli, C., Somer, H., & Bilgiç, R. (2007) · OpenMETU (Middle East Technical University) · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Due Process Model of Procedural Justice in Performance Appraisal: Promotion versus Termination Scenarios
Kataoka, H. C., Cole, N. D., & Flint, D. H. (2006) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.2466/pr0.99.3.819-832 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Performans Yönetiminde Yazılı Geribildirim ve Yazılı Artı Sözlü Geribildirim Yöntemlerinin Karşılaştırması
Erdemli, C., Sümer, H. C., & Bilgiç, R. (2007) · Türk Psikoloji Dergisi · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Calling All Performance Management Researchers: You Need to Hear This!
Schleicher, D. J., Levy, P. E., Baumann, H. M., Hartwell, C. J., Church, A. H., Daniel, R. A., Erker, S. C., Horgen, K. E., Norris‐Watts, C., Redmond, M. R., et al. (2012) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e518332013-629 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citation

Flagged first, then by citations

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Sorted by citations

Advancing Theory with Review Articles
Post, C. A., Sarala, R. M., Gatrell, C. J., & Prescott, J. E. (2019) · Journal of Management Studies · doi:10.1111/joms.12549 · Cited by 569 · see citing works
Talent management challenges during COVID-19 and beyond: Performance management to the rescue
Aguinis, H., & Burgi-Tian, J. (2021) · BRQ Business Research Quarterly · doi:10.1177/23409444211009528 · Cited by 142 · see citing works
The ISO/IEC 27001 information security management standard: literature review and theory-based research agenda
Culot, G., Nassimbeni, G., Podrecca, M., & Sartor, M. (2021) · The TQM Journal · doi:10.1108/tqm-09-2020-0202 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Training and organisational performance: A meta‐analysis of temporal, institutional and organisational context moderators
Garavan, T. N., McCarthy, A. M., Lai, Y., Murphy, K. R., Sheehan, M., & Carbery, R. (2020) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12284 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Performance management and teacher performance: the role of affective organizational commitment and exhaustion
Waeyenberg, T. V., Peccei, R., & Decramer, A. (2020) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2020.1754881 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Evaluating the effectiveness of performance management: A 30-year integrative conceptual review.
Schleicher, D. J., Baumann, H. M., Sullivan, D. W., & Yim, J. (2019) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000368 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citation
Theory and Technology in Organizational Psychology: A Review of Technology Integration Paradigms and Their Effects on the Validity of Theory
Landers, R. N., & Marin, S. (2020) · Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior · doi:10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-012420-060843 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Increasing perceived work meaningfulness by implementing psychological need-satisfying performance management practices
Kubiak, E. (2020) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2020.100792 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Bringing Self-Kindness Into the Workplace: Exploring the Mediating Role of Self-Compassion in the Associations Between Attachment and Organizational Outcomes
Reizer, A. (2019) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01148 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
A multilevel leadership process framework of performance management
Tseng, S. T., & Levy, P. E. (2018) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.10.001 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Self-citation
Beyond competing for talent: an integrative framework for coopetition in talent management in SMEs
Jooss, S., Lenz, J., & Burbach, R. (2022) · International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management · doi:10.1108/ijchm-04-2022-0419 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Ethical, Virtuous, and Charismatic Leadership: An Examination of Differential Relationships with Follower and Leader Outcomes
Nassif, A. G., Hackett, R. D., & Wang, G. (2020) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-020-04491-8 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Circular economy startups and digital entrepreneurial ecosystems
Roshan, R., Balodi, K. C., Datta, S., Kumar, A., V, & Upadhyay, A. (2024) · Business Strategy and the Environment · doi:10.1002/bse.3727 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
How affordances of chatbots cross the chasm between social and traditional enterprise systems
Stoeckli, E., Dremel, C., Uebernickel, F., & Brenner, W. (2020) · Electronic Markets · doi:10.1007/s12525-019-00359-6 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Talent designation in practice: an equation of high potential, performance and mobility
Jooss, S., McDonnell, A., & Burbach, R. (2019) · The International Journal of Human Resource Management · doi:10.1080/09585192.2019.1686651 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Export promotion programs: A system-based systematic review and agenda for future research
Freixanet, J. (2022) · Journal of World Business · doi:10.1016/j.jwb.2022.101344 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Investigating employee and organizational performance in a cross‐border acquisition—A case of withdrawal behavior
Tian, A. Y., Ahammad, M. F., Tarba, S. Y., Pereira, V. E., Arslan, A., & Khan, Z. (2021) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22058 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Performance management systems, innovative work behavior and the role of transformational leadership: an experimental approach
Bauwens, R., Audenaert, M., & Decramer, A. (2023) · Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance · doi:10.1108/joepp-03-2022-0066 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Role of Artificial Intelligence in Enhancing Efficiency of Accounting Information System and Non-Financial Performance of the Manufacturing Companies
Hashem, F. N. R., & Alqatamin, R. M. (2021) · International Business Research · doi:10.5539/ibr.v14n12p65 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Meaning, Mission, and Measurement: How Organizational Performance Measurement Shapes Perceptions of Work as Worthy
Beer, H. A., Micheli, P. G., & Besharov, M. H.-P. (2021) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.5465/amj.2019.0916 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Learning by exporting: A system‐based review and research agenda
Freixanet, J., & Federo, R. (2023) · International Journal of Management Reviews · doi:10.1111/ijmr.12336 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
The profile of the ‘Good Judge’ in HRM: A systematic review and agenda for future research
Kock, F. S. D., Lievens, F., & Born, M. P. (2018) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2018.09.003 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The synergy of human resource development (HRD) and artificial intelligence (AI) in today’s workplace
Khandelwal, K., Upadhyay, A. K., & Rukadikar, A. (2024) · Human Resource Development International · doi:10.1080/13678868.2024.2375935 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Feedback environment: A meta‐analysis
Katz, I. M., Rauvola, R. S., & Rudolph, C. W. (2021) · International Journal of Selection and Assessment · doi:10.1111/ijsa.12350 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
The gaming of performance management systems in British universities
Aboubichr, B., & Conway, N. (2021) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/00187267211052827 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
The Performance of Performance Appraisal Systems: A Theoretical Framework for Public Organizations
Barbieri, M., Micacchi, L., Vidè, F., & Valotti, G. (2021) · Review of Public Personnel Administration · doi:10.1177/0734371x211043560 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
When Born Globals Grow Up: A Review and Agenda for Research on the Performance of Maturing Early Internationalizers
Freixanet, J., & Federo, R. (2022) · Management International Review · doi:10.1007/s11575-022-00485-y · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Managing employee performance in transition economies: A study of Vietnamese public organizations
Vũ, T. P. A., Plimmer, G., Berman, E. M., & Sabharwal, M. (2019) · Public Administration and Development · doi:10.1002/pad.1850 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Putting thesystemback into training and firm performance research: A review and research agenda
Garavan, T. N., McCarthy, A. M., Lai, Y., Clarke, N. M. P., Carbery, R., Gubbins, C., Sheehan, M., & Saunders, M. N. K. (2021) · Human Resource Management Journal · doi:10.1111/1748-8583.12337 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
One way or another? An international comparison of expatriate performance management in multinational companies
Bader, A. K., Bader, B., Froese, F. J., & Sekiguchi, T. (2021) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22065 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Feedback orientation: A meta-analysis
Katz, I. M., Moughan, C. J., & Rudolph, C. W. (2023) · Human Resource Management Review · doi:10.1016/j.hrmr.2023.100986 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Critical realism and performance measurement and management
Armstrong, R. (2019) · Management Research Review · doi:10.1108/mrr-05-2018-0202 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Toward a better understanding of self‐regulation promoting interventions: When performance management and job crafting meet
Demerouti, E., Roth, C., Ebner, K., Souček, R., & Moser, K. (2024) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22236 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Evaluating the performance of employee assistance programs (EAP): a checklist developed from a large sample of public agencies
Hsu, Y.-C., Wang, C.-W., & Lan, J. (2019) · Asia Pacific Journal of Management · doi:10.1007/s10490-019-09659-z · Cited by 21 · see citing works
A human capital‐based framework of career, well‐being, and social information reasons for managerial lateral job assignment preferences
Campion, E. D., Campion, M. A., & Campion, M. C. (2021) · Human Resource Management · doi:10.1002/hrm.22096 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
A Decision Support System on Employee Assessment Using Analytical Network Process (ANP) and BARS Methods
Asana, I. M. D. P., Sudipa, I. G. I., & Putra, K. A. P. (2021) · Jurnal Teknik Informatika C I T Medicom · doi:10.35335/cit.vol13.2021.38.pp1-12 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Fraud Detection in Supply Chain with Machine Learning
Seify, M., Sepehri, M., Far, A. H., & Darvish, A. (2022) · IFAC-PapersOnLine · doi:10.1016/j.ifacol.2022.09.427 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Implementing Performance Measurement Systems in Local Governments: Moving from the “How” to the “Why”
Agasisti, T., Agostino, D., & Soncin, M. (2019) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.1080/15309576.2019.1700806 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Do artificial intelligence system adoptions foster production management supply chain performance in pharmaceutical manufacturing firms? An empirical exploring study from the MENA region
AL-Shboul, M. A. (2024) · Business Process Management Journal · doi:10.1108/bpmj-02-2024-0089 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
How to Evaluate the Effectiveness of Performance Management Systems? An Overview of the Literature and a Proposed Integrative Model
de Araújo, M. L., Caldas, L. S., Barreto, B. S. D. B., Meneses, P. P. M., Silvério, J. C. D. S., Rodrigues, L. C. D. C., Serrano, A. L. M., Neumann, C., & Mendes, N. C. F. (2024) · Administrative Sciences · doi:10.3390/admsci14060117 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Systems theory: forgotten legacy and future prospects
Harney, B. (2019) · Edward Elgar Publishing eBooks · doi:10.4337/9781786439017.00014 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Employee voice in Jordan: Challenges and opportunities
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Retracted
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Self-citation
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Managing the most important asset: a twenty year review on the performance management literature
A, E. J. M., & Joy, M. M. (2022) · Journal of Management History · doi:10.1108/jmh-04-2021-0023 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Performance Management: A Systematic Review of the Literature and an Agenda for Future Research
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Evaluating the effectiveness of performance management: A 30-year integrative conceptual review.
Schleicher, D. J., Baumann, H. M., Sullivan, D. W., & Yim, J. (2019) · Journal of Applied Psychology · doi:10.1037/apl0000368 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Self-citation
Exploring New Frontiers in Performance Management Research
Schleicher, D. J., & Baumann, H. M. (2026) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197752210.003.0001
Self-citation
Integrative Themes and Future Research Directions in Performance Management
Baumann, H. M., & Schleicher, D. J. (2026) · doi:10.1093/oso/9780197752210.003.0020
Self-citation

Authors: Schleicher, D. J., Baumann, H. M., Sullivan, D. W., Levy, P. E., Hargrove, D. C., & Barros-Rivera, B. A.
Affiliations: Texas A&M University (US)
Bradley University (US)
University of Akron (US)
Central Michigan University (US)
Corresponding author: Schleicher, Deidra J.
ORCID: Schleicher, Deidra J.
Baumann, Heidi M.
Sullivan, David W.
Levy, Paul E.
Hargrove, Darel C.
Venue: Journal of Management
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2018-02-08
Volume: 44
Issue: 6
Pages: 2209-2245
ISSN: 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
1557-1211
DOI: 10.1177/0149206318755303
OpenAlex: W2787319381
Cited by: 173
References: 174
Citations by year: 2026: 11 · 2025: 20 · 2024: 33 · 2023: 34 · 2022: 23 · 2021: 24 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 13 · 2018: 2
FWCI: 19.63
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Journal of Management (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Accounting and Organizational Management
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Human Resource and Talent Management
Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management Theory and Practice
Keywords: performance management systems, systems approach, conceptual model, future research directions

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Putting the System Into Performance Management Systems: A Review and Agenda for Performance Management Research

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