Multidimensionafity of Leader-Member Exchange: An Empirical Assessment through Scale Development
Abstract
Whether Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) is a unidimensional or a multidimensional construct was assessed through the development and validation of a multidimensional measure. Item analysis involving 302 working students, followed by construct and criterion-related validation using 249 employees representing two organizations resulted in a multidimensional LMX scale. The results provided support for the affect, loyalty, and contribution dimensions identified by Dienesch and Liden (1986), as well as a fourth dimension, professional respect.
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Liden and Maslyn's LMX-MDM and Graen and Uhl-Bien's LMX-7 capture reciprocity indirectly by asking what each party of the dyad brings to the relationship, without specifically asking respondents if the reciprocity motivated a dyadic member's contribution to the relationship.
“Liden and Maslyn ' s (1998) leader-member exchange multidimensional measure (LMXMDM) and Graen and Uhl-Bien ' s (1995) LMX-7 capture reciprocity indirectly by asking what each party of the dyad brings to the relationship, without specifically asking respondents if the reciprocity motivated a dyadic member ' s contribution to the relationship.”
From The evolution of leadership: Past insights, present trends, and future directions (2025) · cites this paper as Liden and Maslyn (1998)
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- Authors
- Liden, R. C., & Maslyn, J. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Illinois Chicago (US)
- Vanderbilt University (US)
- ORCID
- Liden, Robert C.
- Venue
- Journal of Management
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 1998-02
- Volume
- 24
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 43-72
- ISSN
- 0149-2063 (ISSN-L)
- 1557-1211
- OpenAlex
- W4238439039
- Cited by
- 323
- References
- 7
- Citations by year
- 2026: 20 · 2025: 23 · 2024: 28 · 2023: 20 · 2022: 27 · 2021: 28 · 2020: 18 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 27 · 2017: 18 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.39
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Management (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Leadership and Management in Organizations
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Employee Performance and Management
- Keywords
- leader-member exchange, multidimensionality, scale development, affect, loyalty, contribution, professional respect, working students, workers, construct validation
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