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The Relationship Between Social Isolation and Mortality Among Adults Aged 50 and Older in a 12-year Follow-Up Analysis in Mexico
Abstract
Social relationships have a complex nature shaped mainly by two dimensions: structure and function. Previous research raised the importance of considering both features simultaneously given that they may operate differently. However, research on social relationships and mortality mainly refers to European and U.S. populations. This study examines structural and functional features of social relationships to understand social isolation among adults aged 50 and older in Mexico. In addition, we analyze that association with mortality, using panel data from a 12-year follow-up from the Mexican Health and Aging Study (2003–2015). Results reveal that structural and functional features of social relationships are intertwined, and social isolation was shaped by two aspects that we label lack of socialization and being alone and feeling lonely. After controlling for a series of sociodemographic and health variables, Cox proportional hazard regression models indicate that both aspects significantly increase mortality among older adults in Mexico.
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Individuals who are socially isolated may show elevated activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, an increased chronic stress response, elevated blood pressure, and higher levels of serum cortisol.
“First, in terms of physiological factors, individuals who are socially isolated may show elevated activation of the hypothalamic-pituitaryadrenal axis, an increased chronic stress response, elevated blood pressure, and higher levels of serum cortisol 13 .”
From A systematic review and meta-analysis of 90 cohort studies of social isolation, loneliness and mortality (2023) · cites this paper as [13]
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Wang, F., Gao, Y., Han, Z., Yu, Y., Long, Z., Jiang, X., Wu, Y., Pei, B., Cao, Y., Ye, J., et al. (2023) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-023-01617-6 · Cited by 507
Metadata
- Authors
- Moreno-Tamayo, K., Juárez, F., Manrique-Espinoza, B., & Mejía-Pailles, G.
- Affiliations
- Mexican Social Security Institute (MX)
- El Colegio de México (MX)
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública (MX)
- Independent Consultant, Mexico City, Mexico
- Corresponding author
- Moreno-Tamayo, Karla
- Venue
- Research on Aging
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2022-03-25
- Volume
- 44
- Issue
- 9-10
- Pages
- 758-769
- ISSN
- 0164-0275 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-7573
- OpenAlex
- W4220928792
- Cited by
- 5
- References
- 6
- Citations by year
- 2025: 2 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2
- FWCI
- 0.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Research on Aging (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Aging and Gerontology Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Aging, Health, and Disability
- Keywords
- social isolation, mortality, older adults, interpersonal relationships, loneliness, being alone, Mexican Health and Aging Study, Mexico
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Interpersonal Relations, Loneliness, Mexico, Middle Aged, Mortality, Social Isolation
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