The DOI matches its Crossref record; 42 of the 42 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Managing the Rivalry of Competing Institutional Logics
Abstract
We investigated an organizational field where competing institutional logics existed for a lengthy period of time. We identified four mechanisms for managing the rivalry of competing logics that facilitated and strengthened the separate identities of key actors, thus providing a way for competing logics to co-exist and separately guide the behaviour of different actors. We contribute to the institutional literature by showing that competing logics can co-exist and rivalry between logics can be managed through the development of collaborative relationships.
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Citations
Cites
DiMaggio, P. J., & Powell, W. W. (1983) · American Sociological Review · doi:10.2307/2095101 · Cited by 38,435
The art of case study research
Savolainen, R. (1996) · Library & Information Science Research · doi:10.1016/s0740-8188(96)90053-5 · Cited by 8,169
Social Identity Theory and the Organization
Ashforth, B. E., & Mael, F. A. (1989) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.1989.4278999 · Cited by 7,978
The System of Professions: An Essay on the Division of Expert Labor
Abbott, A. (1988) · doi:10.7208/chicago/9780226189666.001.0001 · Cited by 7,733
Longitudinal Field Research on Change: Theory and Practice
Pettigrew, A. M. (1990) · Organization Science · doi:10.1287/orsc.1.3.267 · Cited by 4,221
Institutions and Institutional Work
Lawrence, T. B., & Suddaby, R. (2006) · The SAGE Handbook of Organization Studies · doi:10.4135/9781848608030.n7 · Cited by 3,338
Thornton, P., & Ocasio, W. C. (1999) · American Journal of Sociology · doi:10.1086/210361 · Cited by 3,242
Greenwood, R., Hinings, C. R., & Suddaby, R. (2002) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/3069285 · Cited by 3,237
Self-citationINSTITUTIONAL EVOLUTION AND CHANGE: ENVIRONMENTALISM AND THE U.S. CHEMICAL INDUSTRY.
Hoffman, A. J. (1999) · Academy of Management Journal · doi:10.2307/257008 · Cited by 2,630
Rhetorical Strategies of Legitimacy
Suddaby, R., & Greenwood, R. (2005) · Administrative Science Quarterly · doi:10.2189/asqu.2005.50.1.35 · Cited by 2,435
Research works printed but not linked: 22
- Alberta Doctors' Digest, 1994, `Regionalization = involvement'
- Alberta Government, 1994, `Regional health authority members appointed'
- Alberta Government, 2003, `Ground-breaking physician agreement going to ratification'
- Alberta Government, 2004, Alberta: Moving primary health care forward
- Alberta Government, 2005, `Added investment of over $700 million in Health and Wellness to help set foundation for the future'
- Alberta Government, 2008, `One provincial board to govern Alberta's health system'
- Alberta Health, 1994, Annual Report(s)
- AMA (Alberta Medical Association), 1997, `Navigator: Setting the course for negotiations '98'
- AMA (Alberta Medical Association), 1999, Navigator 5: Doctors asked Albertans to talk about health care'
- AMA (Alberta Medical Association), 2008, `Outgoing Alberta Medical Association president calls for "patient-focused" health care system'
- Arnold, Thomas, 1995, Edmonton Journal, A5
- Brint, Steven, and Jerome Karabel 1991 `Institutional origins and transformations: The case of American community colleges' in The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. W. W. Powell and P. J. DiMaggio (eds), 337-360. Chicago : University of Chicago Press.
- Capital Health RHA, 1998, Annual report
- Freidson, Eliot, 1988, Profession of medicine
- Friedland, Roger, and Robert R. Alford 1991 `Bringing society back in: Symbols, practices, and institutional contradictions' in The new institutionalism in organizational analysis. W. W. Powell and P. J. DiMaggio (eds), 232-263. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
- Gray, Barbara, 2000, `Assessing inter-organizational collaboration'. Cooperative strategy
- Mullen, Conal, 1994, Edmonton Journal, 8
- Reay, Trish, 2005, Organization Studies, 26, 349
- Scott, W. Richard, 2008, Institutions and organizations
- Scott, W. Richard, 2000, Institutional change and healthcare organizations
- Walker, Robert, 1994, Calgary Herald
- Wirzba, Brian, 2001, Edmonton Journal, B1
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Items 501–600 of 1,000
Hartner‐Tiefenthaler, M., Goisauf, M., Gerdenitsch, C., & Koeszegi, S. T. (2021) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.606375 · Cited by 25
Rogerson, M., Grosvold, J., & Crane, A. (2025) · Journal of Supply Chain Management · doi:10.1111/jscm.12345 · Cited by 30
Oksavik, J. D., Aarseth, T., Solbjør, M., & Kirchhoff, R. (2021) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06106-y · Cited by 25
Le, K., Chen, T. A., Leal, I. M., Correa-Fernández, V., Obasi, E. M., Kyburz, B., Williams, T., Casey, K., Brown, H. A., O’Connor, D. P., et al. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18147597 · Cited by 25
Bloom, P., & White, P. (2015) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726715576041 · Cited by 26
Marketing or parrhesia: A longitudinal study of AICPA's shifting languages in times of turbulence
Brivot, M., Cho, C. H., & Kuhn, J. R. (2015) · Critical Perspectives on Accounting · doi:10.1016/j.cpa.2015.04.001 · Cited by 29
Johansen, S. T., Olsen, T. H., Solstad, E., & Torsteinsen, H. (2015) · Journal of Management & Organization · doi:10.1017/jmo.2015.1 · Cited by 25
How hybrid managers act as “canny customers” to accelerate policy reform
Currie, G., Tuck, P., & Morrell, K. (2015) · Accounting Auditing & Accountability Journal · doi:10.1108/aaaj-12-2014-1889 · Cited by 25
Business Experts on Public Sector Boards: What Do They Contribute?
Kirkpatrick, I., Vallascas, F., & Veronesi, G. (2017) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12754 · Cited by 25
van Gestel, N., Denis, J., Ferlie, E. B., & McDermott, A. M. (2018) · Perspectives on Public Management and Governance · doi:10.1093/ppmgov/gvx020 · Cited by 25
Perrigino, M. B., Chen, H., Dunford, B. B., & Pratt, B. R. (2020) · Academy of Management Annals · doi:10.5465/annals.2019.0067 · Cited by 25
Lounsbury, M. D., & Zhao, E. Y. (2013) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/obo/9780199846740-0053 · Cited by 25
Cain, C. (2019) · Journal of Health and Social Behavior · doi:10.1177/0022146518825379 · Cited by 24
Metwally, A. B. M., & Diab, A. (2022) · Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change · doi:10.1108/jaoc-03-2021-0043 · Cited by 24
Government policy, filial piety, and foreign direct investment
Ma, P., Cui, L., Dong, M., & Liao, Y. (2022) · Global Strategy Journal · doi:10.1002/gsj.1459 · Cited by 24
Humanistic Governance in Democratic Organizations
Novković, S., Miner, K., & McMahon, C. (2023) · Humanism in business series · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-17403-2 · Cited by 24
The Dual Nature of Multilateral Development Banks
Peitz, L. (2023) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781009392297 · Cited by 24
Bullinger, B., Kieser, A., & Schiller-Merkens, S. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Management · doi:10.1016/j.scaman.2015.02.001 · Cited by 24
Koelewijn, W. T., Ehrenhard, M., Groen, A. J., & van Harten, W. H. (2012) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2012.03.055 · Cited by 24
Slimane, K. B. (2012) · M n gement · doi:10.3917/mana.152.0146 · Cited by 32
Egels‐Zandén, N., Lindberg, K., & Hyllman, P. (2015) · Business Ethics A European Review · doi:10.1111/beer.12091 · Cited by 24
Jack, S. M., Dobbins, M., Sword, W. A., Novotná, G., Brooks, S., Lipman, E. L., & Niccols, A. (2011) · Substance Abuse Treatment Prevention and Policy · doi:10.1186/1747-597x-6-29 · Cited by 24
Institutional complexity and the strategic behaviors of SMEs in transitional environments
Ding, Y., Malleret, V., & Velamuri, S. R. (2016) · International Journal of Emerging Markets · doi:10.1108/ijoem-07-2015-0131 · Cited by 25
Mongelli, L., Rullani, F., & Versari, P. (2017) · Industry and Innovation · doi:10.1080/13662716.2017.1302793 · Cited by 25
Designed by law: Purpose, accountability, and transparency at benefit corporations
Çetindamar, D. (2018) · Cogent Business & Management · doi:10.1080/23311975.2018.1423787 · Cited by 24
Amans, P., Mazars-Chapelon, A., & Villesèque-Dubus, F. (2020) · Comptabilité - Contrôle - Audit · doi:10.3917/cca.261.0021 · Cited by 24
Processing Institutional Change in Public Service Provision
Bode, I. (2012) · Public Organization Review · doi:10.1007/s11115-012-0201-z · Cited by 24
Seepma, A. P., van Donk, D. P., & Blok, C. D. (2020) · Journal of Supply Chain Management · doi:10.1111/jscm.12245 · Cited by 23
Liu, Z., Wong, H., & Liu, J. (2022) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph20010230 · Cited by 23
When innovation comes to town—the institutional logics driving change in municipalities
Eneqvist, E. (2023) · Public Money & Management · doi:10.1080/09540962.2023.2195263 · Cited by 23
Engzell, J. V., Karabağ, S. F., & Yström, A. (2023) · Technovation · doi:10.1016/j.technovation.2023.102892 · Cited by 23
Shin, D., Lee, K., & Lee, H. (2014) · Poetics · doi:10.1016/j.poetic.2014.01.006 · Cited by 23
Going beyond microfinance fuzziness
Marconatto, D. A. B., Cruz, L. B., & Pedrozo, E. Á. (2015) · Journal of Cleaner Production · doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.12.070 · Cited by 23
Toubiana, M., Oliver, C., & Bradshaw, P. J. (2016) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840616670431 · Cited by 24
Emergence: How Novelty, Growth, and Formation Shape Organizations and Their Ecosystems
Seidel, M. L., & Greve, H. R. (2017) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0733-558x20170000050020 · Cited by 23
Rizza, C., & Ruggeri, D. (2018) · Journal of Management Control · doi:10.1007/s00187-018-0256-2 · Cited by 27
Organisational Space and Beyond
Dale, K. (2018) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315302430 · Cited by 23
Enacting medical leadership to address wicked problems
Keijser, W., Huq, J.-L., & Reay, T. (2020) · BMJ Leader · doi:10.1136/leader-2019-000137 · Cited by 25
Self-citationPotentialization: loosening up relations between public organizations and societal function systems
Andersen, N. Å. (2020) · Management & Organizational History · doi:10.1080/17449359.2020.1815548 · Cited by 23
Synnes, K. M. (2021) · Nordic Social Work Research · doi:10.1080/2156857x.2020.1861070 · Cited by 23
Open Team Production, the New Cooperative Firm, and Hybrid Advantage
Berti, M., & Pitelis, C. N. (2021) · Academy of Management Review · doi:10.5465/amr.2019.0416 · Cited by 27
Wei, Y. (2017) · Management and Organization Review · doi:10.1017/mor.2016.54 · Cited by 22
Prenestini, A., Sartirana, M., & Lega, F. (2021) · BMC Health Services Research · doi:10.1186/s12913-021-06352-0 · Cited by 22
Competing institutional logics in collaborative innovation: A case study
Røhnebæk, M. (2021) · Nordisk välfärdsforskning | Nordic Welfare Research · doi:10.18261/issn.2464-4161-2021-02-03 · Cited by 17
Riandita, A., Broström, A., Feldmann, A., & Cagliano, R. (2021) · International Small Business Journal Researching Entrepreneurship · doi:10.1177/02662426211056799 · Cited by 23
Wie geht es weiter mit dem soziologischen Neo-Institutionalismus?
Kirchner, S., Krüger, A. K., Meier, F., & Meyer, U. (2015) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-658-07330-5_11 · Cited by 22
Paying Per Diems for ICT4D Project Participation: A Sustainability Challenge
Sanner, T. A., & Sæbø, J. I. (2014) · Information Technologies and International Development · Cited by 22
Regulating Public Services: How Public Managers Respond to External Performance Assessment
Doering, H., Downe, J., & Martin, S. J. (2015) · Public Administration Review · doi:10.1111/puar.12400 · Cited by 22
Do institutional logics predict interpretation of contract rules at the dental chair-side?
Harris, R. V., Brown, S. L., Holt, R., & Perkins, E. (2014) · Social Science & Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2014.10.020 · Cited by 22
Leadership cultures and discursive hybridisation
Crevani, L., Ekman, M., Lindgren, M., & Packendorff, J. (2015) · International Journal of Public Leadership · doi:10.1108/ijpl-08-2015-0019 · Cited by 22
Voicing the Puppet: Accommodating Unresolved Institutional Tensions in Digital Open Practices
Thorén, C., Ågerfalk, P. J., & Rolandsson, B. (2017) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840617695358 · Cited by 22
Conditioning a Professional Exchange Field for Social Innovation
Huq, J.-L. (2018) · Business & Society · doi:10.1177/0007650318758321 · Cited by 27
Jaakkola, E., Aarikka‐Stenroos, L., & Ritala, P. (2018) · Service science: research and innovations in the service economy · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-98512-1_22 · Cited by 22
Organising healthcare with multi-professional teams:
Gadolin, C., & Wikström, E. (2016) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.58235/sjpa.v20i4.14917 · Cited by 24
From ‘either or’ to ‘both and’
Wällstedt, N., & Almqvist, R. (2015) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.58235/sjpa.v19i2.15604 · Cited by 22
Coping With Competing Institutional Logics in Policy Implementation
Xiao, M., Zhan, X., & Cudennec, A. (2025) · Governance · doi:10.1111/gove.70036 · Cited by 21
The gap between academy and industry - A qualitative study in Turkish aviation context
Peksatici, Ö., & Ergün, H. S. (2019) · Journal of Air Transport Management · doi:10.1016/j.jairtraman.2019.101687 · Cited by 21
Nissen, R., & Wagner, U. (2020) · Managing Sport and Leisure · doi:10.1080/23750472.2020.1727356 · Cited by 21
How founders establish legitimacy
Nayır, D. Z., & Shinnar, R. S. (2020) · Social enterprise journal · doi:10.1108/sej-10-2019-0073 · Cited by 21
Bock, T. D., Scheerder, J., Theeboom, M., Constandt, B., Marlier, M., Clerck, T. D., & Willem, A. (2022) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-022-14230-5 · Cited by 21
Pesterfield, C., & Rogerson, M. (2023) · Journal of Business Ethics · doi:10.1007/s10551-023-05455-4 · Cited by 21
Qualitative Challenges for Complexifying Organizational Change Research
Gray, B., Stensaker, I. G., & Jansen, K. J. (2012) · The Journal of Applied Behavioral Science · doi:10.1177/0021886312438866 · Cited by 22
Touati, N., Denis, J.-L., Grenier, C., & Smits, P. A. (2016) · Administration & Society · doi:10.1177/0095399716659734 · Cited by 21
Oterholm, I., & Paulsen, V. (2018) · Nordic Social Work Research · doi:10.1080/2156857x.2018.1450283 · Cited by 21
Reframing childhood obesity: The role of local communities in change implementation failure
Vardaman, J. M., Amis, J., Wright, P. M., & Dyson, B. P. (2020) · Human Relations · doi:10.1177/0018726719899464 · Cited by 21
Murphy, J., Denyer, D., & Pettigrew, A. (2020) · British Journal of Management · doi:10.1111/1467-8551.12393 · Cited by 21
Pouthier, V., Steele, C. W. J., & Ocasio, W. C. (2013) · Research in the sociology of organizations · doi:10.1108/s0733-558x(2013)0039a011 · Cited by 23
The multiple logics of tourism development in China
Chen, G., Huang, S. S., & Bao, J. (2016) · Journal of Sustainable Tourism · doi:10.1080/09669582.2016.1178754 · Cited by 21
Interdisciplinary arts and health practice with an institutional logics perspective
Jensen, A. (2018) · Arts & Health · doi:10.1080/17533015.2018.1443950 · Cited by 25
The influence of religious institutional logic in frontline work
Magri, G., Cortez, A. C. S., Costa, M. I. S., Carvalho, A., Lotta, G., & Miranda, J. R. (2025) · Australian Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.1111/1467-8500.12691 · Cited by 20
Larsen, B. C. (2021) · Proceedings of the AAAI/ACM Conference on AI Ethics and Society · doi:10.1145/3461702.3462591 · Cited by 20
Exploring institutional competing logic for sustainability implementation of retail chains
Dagilienė, L., Varaniūtė, V., & Pütter, J. M. (2022) · International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management · doi:10.1108/ijrdm-09-2020-0379 · Cited by 20
Managing attrition in offshore finance and accounting outsourcing
Nicholson, B., & Aman, A. B. (2012) · Strategic Outsourcing An International Journal · doi:10.1108/17538291211291765 · Cited by 20
Sociology of Professions: Towards International Context-Sensitive Approaches
Kuhlmann, E. (2013) · South African Review of Sociology · doi:10.1080/21528586.2013.802534 · Cited by 20
Stål, H. I., Bonnedahl, K. J., & Eriksson, J. (2013) · European Management Journal · doi:10.1016/j.emj.2013.06.005 · Cited by 20
Dent, M., & Tutt, D. E. (2014) · Health Informatics Journal · doi:10.1177/1460458213518545 · Cited by 20
Performance des organisations et bien-être des usagers : quels modes de pilotage et d'intervention ?
Grenier, C., & Martin, V. (2013) · Management & Avenir · doi:10.3917/mav.061.0129 · Cited by 20
The Intrafirm Context of Retail Expansion Planning
Wood, S., & Reynolds, J. (2011) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a43503 · Cited by 20
Styhre, A., Roth, A., & Roth, J. (2016) · Leadership & Organization Development Journal · doi:10.1108/lodj-10-2012-0137 · Cited by 20
Coopted! Mission Drift in a Social Venture Engaged in a Cross-Sectoral Partnership
Barinaga, E. (2018) · VOLUNTAS International Journal of Voluntary and Nonprofit Organizations · doi:10.1007/s11266-018-0019-6 · Cited by 20
Quantified control in healthcare work: Suggestions for future research
Levay, C., Jönsson, J., & Huzzard, T. (2020) · Financial Accountability and Management · doi:10.1111/faam.12242 · Cited by 20
Hannigan, T. R., & Casasnovas, G. (2020) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/s0733-558x20200000068008 · Cited by 21
Bui, B., & de Villiers, C. (2021) · Accounting and Finance · doi:10.1111/acfi.12746 · Cited by 20
Ghio, A., & Verona, R. (2021) · The British Accounting Review · doi:10.1016/j.bar.2021.101041 · Cited by 20
Reconceptualizing ethical leadership for the global south: An institutional logics perspective
Nguyen, T. H.-T., Zakarneh, M., McDonald, M., & Amankwah‐Amoah, J. (2025) · The Leadership Quarterly · doi:10.1016/j.leaqua.2025.101897 · Cited by 20
Graf, L., Strebel, A., & Emmenegger, P. (2021) · Regulation & Governance · doi:10.1111/rego.12436 · Cited by 19
Urbanek, P. (2021) · International Journal of Leadership in Education · doi:10.1080/13603124.2021.2006796 · Cited by 19
How institutional intermediaries handle institutional complexity in vanguard megaproject settings
Mahalingam, A. (2022) · International Journal of Project Management · doi:10.1016/j.ijproman.2022.04.007 · Cited by 19
The power of power markets: Zonal market designs in advancing energy transitions
Lindberg, M. B. (2022) · Environmental Innovation and Societal Transitions · doi:10.1016/j.eist.2022.08.004 · Cited by 19
Scratching beneath the surface: How organisational culture influences curricular reform
Shah, A. P., Walker, K. A., Hawick, L., Walker, K., & Cleland, J. (2022) · Medical Education · doi:10.1111/medu.14994 · Cited by 19
An Institutional Perspective on Accountable Care Organizations
Goodrick, E., & Reay, T. (2016) · Medical Care Research and Review · doi:10.1177/1077558716641832 · Cited by 19
Self-citationButzbach, O. (2015) · Organization Studies · doi:10.1177/0170840615604499 · Cited by 19
Individuals’ Considerations When Responding to Competing Logics
Brandl, J., & Bullinger, B. (2016) · Journal of Management Inquiry · doi:10.1177/1056492616677297 · Cited by 19
Min, N., Shen, R., Berlan, D. G., & Lee, K. (2019) · Public Performance & Management Review · doi:10.1080/15309576.2019.1684958 · Cited by 19
Money in – brains out? Institutional logics affecting athletes’ preparation for alternative careers
Gammelsæter, H., & Solenes, O. (2013) · European Journal for Sport and Society · doi:10.1080/16138171.2013.11687922 · Cited by 19
The role of patient narratives in healthcare innovation: supporting translation and meaning making
Pedersen, A. R. (2016) · Journal of Health Organization and Management · doi:10.1108/jhom-01-2015-0007 · Cited by 19
multi-professional team as a post NPM control regime
Liff, R., & Andersson, T. (2012) · Scandinavian Journal of Public Administration · doi:10.58235/sjpa.v16i2.16219 · Cited by 19
Vivier, E., Robinson, B. M. K., Jenkins, L. S., & Smit, A. (2024) · Public Management Review · doi:10.1080/14719037.2023.2299929 · Cited by 18
The Reproduction and Evolution of Institutional Logics: A practice-centric perspective
Schildt, H. A., & Kodeih, F. (2025) · Organization Theory · doi:10.1177/26317877251318369 · Cited by 18
Power Dynamics in Barnahus Collaboration
Johansson, S. (2017) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-58388-4_12 · Cited by 18
Metadata
- Authors
- Reay, T., & Hinings, C. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Alberta (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Reay, Trish
- Hinings, C.R.
- ORCID
- Reay, Trish
- Venue
- Organization Studies
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2009-06
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 629-652
- ISSN
- 0170-8406 (ISSN-L)
- 1741-3044
- OpenAlex
- W2135519078
- Cited by
- 1,821
- References
- 42
- Citations by year
- 2026: 105 · 2025: 105 · 2024: 147 · 2023: 110 · 2022: 117 · 2021: 118 · 2020: 149 · 2019: 140 · 2018: 114 · 2017: 111 · 2016: 123 · 2015: 141 · 2014: 108 · 2013: 104 · 2012: 68
- FWCI
- 76.24
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Organization Studies (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management › Management and Organizational Studies
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Strategy and Management › Innovation and Knowledge Management
- Social Sciences › Business, Management and Accounting › Management Information Systems › Information Systems Theories and Implementation
- Keywords
- competing institutional logics, institutional rivalry, institutional logics, institutional coexistence, collaborative relationships, organizational identity, institutional change, institutional theory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review