Physical Aggression and Depressive Symptoms: Gender Asymmetry in Effects?
Abstract
The incremental importance of low-level physically aggressive behavior in predicting later depressive symptoms was examined in a community sample of intact first-time marriages with children. For wives, physically aggressive behavior predicted later depressive symptoms. No similar effect was found for husbands. In addition, husbands’ psychological aggression moderated the effect of their own physically aggressive behavior on wives’ later depressive symptoms. Wives’ psychological aggression did not moderate the effect of their own physically aggressive behavior on husbands’ later depression. Results suggest that marital models should incorporate the role of physical aggression in accounting for wives’ depressive symptoms and allow for the possibility of gender asymmetry in effects.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Five additional studies on depression found a non-significant association between psychological violence and depression.
“Another 37 studies examined the association between psychological violence and depression; twenty-nine of the identified studies found a significant association [13, 34, 35, 39, 42, 45–47, 49, 53–73], while five studies found a non-significant association [50, 74–77].”
From The psychological subtype of intimate partner violence and its effect on mental health: a systematic review with meta-analyses (2022) · cites this paper as [74]
Cites
The CES-D Scale: A Self-Report Depression Scale for Research in the General Population
Radloff, L. S. (1977) · Applied Psychological Measurement · doi:10.1177/014662167700100306 · Cited by 53,267 · see citing works
Structural Equations with Latent Variables
Bollen, K. A. (1989) · Wiley series in probability and statistics · doi:10.1002/9781118619179 · Cited by 17,512 · see citing works
Structural Equations with Latent Variables.
Clogg, C. C., & Bollen, K. A. (1991) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2072165 · Cited by 17,471 · see citing works
The Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2): Development and Preliminary Psychometric Data
STRAUS, M. A., HAMBY, S. L., BONEY-McCOY, S., & SUGARMAN, D. B. (1996) · Journal of Family Issues · doi:10.1177/019251396017003001 · Cited by 6,923 · see citing works
LISREL 7 : user's reference guide
Jöreskog, K. G., & Sörbom, D. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 6,783 · see citing works
Measuring Intrafamily Conflict and Violence: The Conflict Tactics (CT) Scales
Straus, M. A. (1979) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/351733 · Cited by 6,187 · see citing works
Behind Closed Doors: Violence in the American Family.
Boudouris, J., Straus, M. A., Gelles, R. J., & Steinmetz, S. K. (1982) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2068814 · Cited by 3,089 · see citing works
Short Marital-Adjustment and Prediction Tests: Their Reliability and Validity
Locke, H. J., & Wallace, K. M. (1959) · Marriage and Family Living · doi:10.2307/348022 · Cited by 2,913 · see citing works
Sex differences in aggression between heterosexual partners: a meta-analytic review
Archer, J. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.651 · Cited by 2,507 · see citing works
Patriarchal Terrorism and Common Couple Violence: Two Forms of Violence against Women
Johnson, M. P. (1995) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.2307/353683 · Cited by 2,218 · see citing works
Full Report of the Prevalence, Incidence, and Consequences of Violence Against Women
Tjaden, P., & Thoennes, N. (2000) · PsycEXTRA Dataset · doi:10.1037/e514172006-001 · Cited by 2,067 · see citing works
Intimate partner violence as a risk factor for mental disorders: A meta-analysis
Golding, J. M. (1999) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1023/a:1022079418229 · Cited by 1,788 · see citing works
Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptations to Violence in 8,145 Families.
Goetting, A., Straus, M. A., & Gelles, R. J. (1990) · Contemporary Sociology A Journal of Reviews · doi:10.2307/2073234 · Cited by 1,673 · see citing works
Johnson, M. P. (2006) · Violence Against Women · doi:10.1177/1077801206293328 · Cited by 1,186 · see citing works
Research on Domestic Violence in the 1990s: Making Distinctions
Johnson, M. P., & Ferraro, K. J. (2000) · Journal of Marriage and the Family · doi:10.1111/j.1741-3737.2000.00948.x · Cited by 1,124 · see citing works
Gotlib, I. H., & Hammen, C. L. (2002) · Cited by 980 · see citing works
The Myth of Sexual Symmetry in Marital Violence
Dobash, R. P., Dobash, R. E., Wilson, M., & Daly, M. (1992) · Social Problems · doi:10.1525/sp.1992.39.1.03x0064l · Cited by 968 · see citing works
MENTAL AND PHYSICAL HEALTH EFFECTS OF INTIMATE PARTNER VIOLENCE ON WOMEN AND CHILDREN
Campbell, J. C., & Lewandowski, L. (1997) · Psychiatric Clinics of North America · doi:10.1016/s0193-953x(05)70317-8 · Cited by 594 · see citing works
Prevalence and stability of physical aggression between spouses: A longitudinal analysis.
O’Leary, K. D., Barling, J. I., Arias, I., Rosenbaum, A., Malone, J., & Tyrée, A. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.57.2.263 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Self-citationThe Myth of Sexual Symmetry in Marital Violence
Dobash, R. P., Dobash, R. E., Dobash, R. E., et al. (1992) · Social Problems · doi:10.2307/3096914 · Cited by 580 · see citing works
Psychological Abuse: A Variable Deserving Critical Attention in Domestic Violence
O’Leary, K. D. (1999) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.14.1.3 · Cited by 507 · see citing works
The association between depression and marital dissatisfaction.
Whisman, M. A. (2001) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10350-001 · Cited by 471 · see citing works
Prevalence and stability of physical aggression between spouses: A longitudinal analysis.
O’Leary, K. D., Barling, J. I., Arias, I., et al. (1989) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.57.2.263 · Cited by 393 · see citing works
Self-citationBeach, S. R. H., Katz, J., Kim, S., & Brody, G. H. (2003) · Journal of Social and Personal Relationships · doi:10.1177/0265407503020003005 · Cited by 384 · see citing works
Self-citationSmith, T. W., & Ruiz, J. M. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.70.3.548 · Cited by 362 · see citing works
Depression in Marriage: A Model for Etiology and Treatment
Beach, S. R. H., Sandeen, E., O’Leary, K. D., & Barlow, D. H. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 355 · see citing works
Self-citationMarital Satisfaction and Depression: Different Causal Relationships for Men and Women?
Fincham, F. D., Beach, S. R. H., Harold, G. T., & Osborne, L. N. (1997) · Psychological Science · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00424.x · Cited by 348 · see citing works
Self-citationPsychological Abuse: Implications for Adjustment and Commitment to Leave Violent Partners
Arias, I., & Pape, K. T. (1999) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.14.1.55 · Cited by 335 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Coercion theory also leads to the expectation that the effect of physical aggression on depression might be intensified by high levels of psychological aggression (see also Arias & Pape, 1999; Johnson, 2001; O’Leary & Maiuro, 1999).”
BackgroundSelf-citationHome observations of family interactions of depressed women.
Hops, H., Biglan, A., Sherman, L. A., Arthur, J., Friedman, L., & Osteen, V. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037//0022-006x.55.3.341 · Cited by 331 · see citing works
Observed and Reported Psychological and Physical Aggression in Young, At-Risk Couples
Capaldi, D. M., & Crosby, L. A. (1997) · Social Development · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9507.1997.tb00101.x · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Smith, T. W., & Ruiz, J. M. (2002) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.70.3.548 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Predicting mild and severe husband-to-wife physical aggression.
Pan, H. S., Neidig, P. H., & O’Leary, K. D. (1994) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.62.5.975 · Cited by 250 · see citing works
Marital dissatisfaction and incidence of major depressive episode in a community sample.
Whisman, M. A., & BRUCE, M. L. (1999) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.108.4.674 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Prospective prediction of husband marital aggression within newlywed couples.
Leonard, K. E., & Senchak, M. (1996) · Journal of Abnormal Psychology · doi:10.1037/0021-843x.105.3.369 · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Cascardi, M. A., O’Leary, K. D., & Schlee, K. A. (1999) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1023/a:1022827915757 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Are Bi-Directionally Violent Couples Mutually Victimized? A Gender-Sensitive Comparison
Vivian, D., & Langhinrichsen‐Rohling, J. (1994) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.9.2.107 · Cited by 226 · see citing works
Injuries of women and men in a treatment program for domestic violence
Cantos, A. L., Neidig, P. H., & O’Leary, K. D. (1994) · Journal of Family Violence · doi:10.1007/bf01531958 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Home observations of family interactions of depressed women.
Hops, H., Biglan, A., Sherman, L., et al. (1987) · Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology · doi:10.1037/0022-006x.55.3.341 · Cited by 202 · see citing works
Capaldi, D. M., & Owen, L. D. (2001) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.15.3.425 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Gender Differences in Reporting Marital Violence and Its Medical and Psychological Consequences
Stets, J. E., & Straus, M. A. (2017) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315126401-12 · Cited by 172 · see citing works
Victims and Aggressors in Marital Violence
Straus, M. A. (1980) · American Behavioral Scientist · doi:10.1177/000276428002300505 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Gender Symmetry in Dating Intimate Partner Violence: Does Similar Behavior Imply Similar Constructs?
Cercone, J. J., Beach, S. R. H., & Arias, I. (2005) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.2005.20.2.207 · Cited by 133 · see citing works
Self-citationIntimate partner aggression--what have we learned? Comment on Archer (2000).
White, J. W., Smith, P. H., Koss, M. P., & Figueredo, A. J. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.690 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Brody, G. H., Flor, D. L., Hollett-Wright, N., & McCoy, J. K. (1998) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.12.2.209 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
Self-citationDesistance of Husband Aggression in the Early Years of Marriage
Quigley, B. M., & Leonard, K. E. (1996) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.11.4.355 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Spouses' reasons for not reporting existing marital aggression as a marital problem.
Ehrensaft, M. K., & Vivian, D. (1996) · Journal of Family Psychology · doi:10.1037/0893-3200.10.4.443 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Are women really more aggressive than men in intimate relationships? Comment on Archer.
O’Leary, K. D. (2000) · Psychological Bulletin · doi:10.1037/0033-2909.126.5.685 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Cessation and persistence of wife assault: A longitudinal analysis.
Aldarondo, E. (1996) · American Journal of Orthopsychiatry · doi:10.1037/h0080164 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Conflict and Control: Symmetry and Asymmetry in Domestic Violence
Johnson, M. P. (2001) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781410600134-14 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Handbook of depression, 2nd ed.
Beckham, E. E., & Leber, W. R. (1995) · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Marital discord and partner abuse: Correlates and causes of depression.
O’Leary, K. D., & Caño, A. (2001) · American Psychological Association eBooks · doi:10.1037/10350-009 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Lawrence, E., Yoon, J., Langer, A., & Ro, E. (2009) · Violence and Victims · doi:10.1891/0886-6708.24.1.20 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Dokkedahl, S. B., Kirubakaran, R., Bech-Hansen, D., Kristensen, T. R., & Elklit, A. (2022) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-022-02025-z · Cited by 172 · see citing works
- Authors
- Beach, S. R. H., Kim, S., Cercone-Keeney, J., Gupta, M., Arias, I., & Brody, G. H.
- Affiliations
- University of Georgia (US)
- The University of Georgia
- Corresponding author
- Beach, Steven R. H.
- Venue
- Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2004-06
- Volume
- 21
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 341-360
- ISSN
- 0265-4075 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-3608
- OpenAlex
- W2031926704
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 51
- Citations by year
- 2024: 1 · 2022: 8 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2015: 1 · 2013: 2 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 8.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Social and Personal Relationships (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- physical aggression, depressive symptoms, gender asymmetry, marital aggression, psychological aggression, married women, husbands, depression prediction
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
