The DOI matches its Crossref record; 21 of the 21 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Can you connect with me now? How the presence of mobile communication technology influences face-to-face conversation quality
Abstract
Recent advancements in communication technology have enabled billions of people to connect over great distances using mobile phones, yet little is known about how the frequent presence of these devices in social settings influences face-to-face interactions. In two experiments, we evaluated the extent to which the mere presence of mobile communication devices shape relationship quality in dyadic settings. In both, we found evidence they can have negative effects on closeness, connection, and conversation quality. These results demonstrate that the presence of mobile phones can interfere with human relationships, an effect that is most clear when individuals are discussing personally meaningful topics.
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“other studies show that the mere presence of a mobile phone diminishes the quality of face-to-face interaction (Przybylski and Weinstein, 2013; Misra et al., 2016).”
From Designing for Motivation, Engagement and Wellbeing in Digital Experience (2018) · cites this paper as Przybylski and Weinstein, 2013
In the citing paper
“This theme adds credence to previous research showing that smartphone distractions can hamper enjoyment, personal connections, and satisfaction with others.19”
From An Intervention Utilizing the Salience Principle to Reduce Pharmacy Students’ Psychological Attraction to Smartphones (2022) · cites this paper as [41]
In the citing paper
“Experimental studies with adults have found that the mere presence of a mobile phone in the room during a conversation can result in lower feelings of relationship quality, particularly when the conversation is about a meaningful topic (Przybylski and Weinstein 2013)”
From Transformation of Adolescent Peer Relations in the Social Media Context: Part 1—A Theoretical Framework and Application to Dyadic Peer Relationships (2018) · cites this paper as Przybylski and Weinstein 2013
In the citing paper
“Consistent with these predictions, a small study found that the mere presence of a mobile phone during a dyadic social interaction, prevented people from cultivating a sense of social connection, trust, and empathy when discussing a meaningful topic but not when discussing a more casual topic: plastic holiday trees [34].”
From The effects of smartphones on well-being: theoretical integration and research agenda (2020) · cites this paper as [34]
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Smartphone Use and Academic Performance: A Pervasiveness Approach Beyond Addiction
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“After 2010, when the massive diffusion of smartphones started in industrialized countries, research shifted its focus onto this new device, finding similar results (Lepp et al., 2014; Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013; Samaha & Hawi, 2016).”
BackgroundResultFaruk Caner, Y. A. M. (2022) · Psychological Reports · doi:10.1177/00332941221144611 · Cited by 61
“…(Hall et al., 2014; Çizmeci, 2017), many other studies in the literature indicated the harmful effects of the intense use of technological elements on romantic relationships (Abeele et al., 2016; Halpern & Katz, 2017; Krasnova et al., 2016; Lapierre & Lewis, 2018; Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialKonrath, S., Falk, E. B., Fuhrel-Forbis, A., Liu, M., Swain, J. E., Tolman, R. M., Cunningham, R. M., & Walton, M. A. (2015) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0137585 · Cited by 52
“For example, one experiment found that simply having a cell phone in the room (versus a control object: a book) reduced participants’ empathy and feelings of closeness and trust during a social interaction [88].”
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“The considerable amount of time that they spend on smartphones influences their interpersonal difficulties [18].”
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Phubbing as a Millennials’ New Addiction and Relating Factors Among Nursing Students
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“Although mobile phone use might lower the quality of a conversation by detracting interactants’ attention from it (Ling, 2008; Przybylski and Weinstein, 2013), mobile phones at least offer political opportunities that are uniquely different from other forms of communication.”
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“In recent years, several studies have focused on the negative impacts of phubbing on interpersonal relationships and individuals’ well-being (Chotpitayasunondh & Douglas, 2018; Halpern & Katz, 2017; Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013; Wang et al., 2017; Xie et al., 2020).”
BackgroundSprecher, S., Hampton, A. J., Heinzel, H. J., & Felmlee, D. (2016) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2016.03.090 · Cited by 44
“…engaged in a longer interaction and discussed several topics that increased in intimacy as the interaction progressed, a procedure that is more similar to Aron et al.’s (1997) closeness induction task than the single topic that was used previously (Przybylski & Weinstein 2013; Misra et al. 2014).”
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Lederer, Y., Artzi, H., & Borodkin, K. (2021) · Child Development · doi:10.1111/cdev.13715 · Cited by 43
A Meta-Analysis of Mobile Phone Use and Presence
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“On the other hand, there are increasing studies showing the benefits of peer support networks that make communicating with others easier and that are encouraging further research and applications for such usage (Oldmeadow, Quinn, & Kowert, 2013; Przybylsk & Weinstein, 2012).”
BackgroundThe Smartphone as a Pacifier and its Consequences
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“Regarding interpersonal relationships, Przybylski and Weinstein [78] showed that the mere presence of a smartphone in social situations reduced the perceived interpersonal closeness, connection, and quality of a face-to-face conversation.”
BackgroundBüttner, C. M., Gloster, A. T., & Greifeneder, R. (2021) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/20501579211059914 · Cited by 42
“For instance, someone may be less likely to phub if they are flirting or if their partner talks about a meaningful loss, compared with when there is a lull in the conversation (e.g., Kelly et al., 2017; Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013).”
BackgroundNuñez, T. R., & Radtke, T. (2023) · Behaviour and Information Technology · doi:10.1080/0144929x.2023.2209213 · Cited by 43
“Moreover, mere presence of smartphones during an interaction (i.e. the smartphone being present but not being used within an interaction; Przybylski and Weinstein 2013) should also not be equated with phubbing.”
BackgroundFellesson, M., & Salomonson, N. (2020) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102050 · Cited by 37
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“However, smartphone use has also been demonstrated to have negative influences in a number of important life outcomes, such as “real-world” social interactions [4], walking and driving abilities [5, 6], and educational outcomes [7, 8].”
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“Debriefing conversations indicated that the mobile phone placement was unobtrusive to the partners, suggesting that much of the influence observed was subconscious (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013).”
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“…del móvil junto con un déficit en autocontrol desemboca en un comportamiento compulsivo por comprobar nuestros smartphones que, a su vez, está asociado con problemas en las relaciones interpersonales produciendo desconfianza y haciendo que nos alejemos de los demás (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013).”
BackgroundMaftei, A., & Măirean, C. (2023) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-023-01359-0 · Cited by 44
“Also, phubbing experiences negatively impact conversation quality and feelings of connected-ness [19, 20].”
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“Because the cell phone “takes the individual’s attention away from the co-present situation and directs it to other corners of the universe” (Ling, 2008, p. 166), it can interfere with or detract from the quality of interactions between co-present partners (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2012).”
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“In addition to displacing (positive) parent–child interactions, family technoference could thus also reduce the enjoyment of social activities, consequently hampering the benefits children derive from these interactions (Dwyer et al., 2018; Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013).”
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“Experimental research demonstrated that technoference among strangers and close friends (emerging adult dyads) was related to decreased feelings of closeness, lower interpersonal connectedness, reduced quality of interactions, and decreased friendship intimacy (46, 47).”
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“…concerning the effects of physical technologies on face-to-face interaction, their goal was to unpack the effects of the quiet presence of a device since the participants were not allowed to interact with their phone, (Crowley et al. 2018; Miller-Ott and Kelly 2015; Przybylski and Weinstein 2013).”
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“At the same time, there is an emerging literature documenting mobile technology’s negative impact on interpersonal communication and particularly face-to-face communication (Przybylski and Weinstein 2012; Turkle 2015).”
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“Our perusal of prior research indicated that laboratory, get-acquainted interactions have lasted for varying lengths of time, but most often 10 – 20 minutes (e.g., Mallen et al., 2003; Okdie et al., 2011; Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013; Ramirez & Burgoon, 2004).”
BackgroundNew Avenues for Promoting Mindfulness in Adolescence using mHealth
Lucas‐Thompson, R. G., Broderick, P. C., Coatsworth, J. D., & Smyth, J. M. (2018) · Journal of Child and Family Studies · doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1256-4 · Cited by 32
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“…research has found that increased mobile phone use was associated with decreased perceived responsiveness and even interaction and relationship dissatisfaction (Chotpitayasunondh & Douglas, 2016, 2018; Halpern & Katz, 2017; Przybylski & Weinstein, 2012; Vanden Abeele, Antheunis, & Schouten, 2016).”
BackgroundThe mere presence of a mobile phone: Does it influence driving performance?
Chee, P., Irwin, J., Bennett, J. M., & Carrigan, A. (2021) · Accident Analysis & Prevention · doi:10.1016/j.aap.2021.106226 · Cited by 32
Why Cannot I Stop Phubbing? Boredom Proneness and Phubbing: A Multiple Mediation Model
Gao, B., Liu, Y., Shen, Q., Fu, C., Li, W., & Li, X. (2023) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s423371 · Cited by 45
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Technology and Organizational Change
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“Przybylski and Weinstein (2013) argued that easily accessible answers undermine the motivation to learn and think more independently.”
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“Individual scores, as per Przybylski and Weinstein (2013), can be calculated by summing responses to all five items.”
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“Przybylski and Weinstein (2013) demonstrated that when strangers interacted in a controlled laboratory settings, perceived closeness, feelings of connection, and conversation quality were rated more negatively when mobile devices were present than when they were absent.”
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“In a study by Przybylski and Weinstein (2013), the presence of a mobile phone had negative effects on closeness, connection, and conversation quality, especially when individuals discussed personally meaningful topics.”
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“Research has shown that the quality of conversations is reduced through technology and mobile communication devices, although the frequency of communication is higher (Przybylski and Weinstein, 2012; Misra et al, 2014; Drago, 2015).”
BackgroundKoessmeier, C., & Büttner, O. B. (2022) · Computers in Human Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.chb.2022.107333 · Cited by 27
College students’ experiences of and coping with loneliness - possibilities of peer support
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“The presence of a cell phone alone while individuals are interacting prevents meaningful conversation among individuals, reducing their perceived closeness to one another (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2012).”
BackgroundProject IRL: Playful Co-Located Interactions with Mobile Augmented Reality
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“Researchers have empirically demonstrated that the mere presence of mobile devices can negatively impact communication during face-to-face conversations [45, 60].”
BackgroundPhubbing: Antecedents, consequences and functioning mechanisms
Gong, Y., Chen, Z., Xie, J., & Xie, X. (2019) · Advances in Psychological Science · doi:10.3724/sp.j.1042.2019.01258 · Cited by 25
“1 对人际关系质量的影响 研究表明仅仅在谈话中使用手机就会对人际关系质量产生影响([14])。具体而 言,手机的存在会阻碍亲密感和信任的发展,并降低个人对交流对象的感知同理 心和关系质量,这一现象在进行重要或有意义的交流时尤为明显。在探索手机冷 落行为对人际关系质量影响的相关研究中,研究者关注最多的是亲密关系中的手 机冷落行为。大量实证研究表明,手机冷落行为会降低伴侣间的关系满意度 。对于有子女的家庭而言,手机冷落行为还会影响夫妻的共同育儿质量 。 此外,在社交场合使用手机会影响印象形成和沟通质量([28]),而印象形成是关系发 展的核心过程([29]),最终可能会损坏人际关系的建立。 3.”
Impact of partner phubbing on negative emotions: a daily diary study of mitigating factors
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RESEARCH NOTE: THE ROLE OF SMART VERSUS TRADITIONAL CLASSROOMS ON STUDENTS’ ENGAGEMENT
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“However, other research has suggested that technology might negatively in fl uence conversation quality, human relationships, and instructor evaluations (Mintu-Wimsatt, Ingram, Milward, & Russ, 2006; Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013).”
Lin, X. Y., & Lachman, M. E. (2021) · Technology Mind and Behavior · doi:10.1037/tmb0000026 · Cited by 22
Can interactive apps promote parent-child conversations?
Rowe, M. L., Turco, R. G., & Blatt, J. H. (2021) · Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/j.appdev.2021.101326 · Cited by 26
Ang, S. (2022) · The Journals of Gerontology Series B · doi:10.1093/geronb/gbac063 · Cited by 23
“While some have argued that online communication is fundamentally different and can hinder the quality of in-person social contact (e.g., Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013; Turkle, 2011), others show that in-person social contact has not declined and online tools such as social media can encourage…”
BackgroundKhan, M. N., Shahzad, K., Ahmad, I., & Bartels, J. (2022) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-022-04120-9 · Cited by 22
“Tajfel et al. (1979) further elaborated that the ill-mannered behavior of supervisors adversely affects subordinates’ self-concept and identity, which might lead them to review and retune their level of association with the supervisor (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013).”
BackgroundResultLi, J., Gao, H., Liu, P., & Zhong, C. (2020) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.560638 · Cited by 23
“The first conclusion we draw is that the mean values of the three dimensions of coach-athlete relationship after lockdown are higher than those before lockdown, which is contrary to our expected result based on common sense (Przybylski and Weinstein, 2013).”
ResultPsychological and physiological effects of applying self-control to the mobile phone
Markowitz, D. M., Hancock, J. T., Bailenson, J. N., & Reeves, B. (2019) · PLOS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0224464 · Cited by 20
“In contrast with other work that suggests the mobile phone may have interpersonal consequences for conversation dynamics [7], our data suggests that there may be perceived intrapersonal benefits for those who at least have the phone in front of them relative to those who do not.”
BackgroundResultProblematic smartphone use in a representative sample of US adults: Prevalence and predictors
Rochat, L., Cruz, G. V., Aboujaoude, E. N., Courtois, R., Brahim, F. B., Khan, R., & Khazaal, Y. (2024) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2024.108228 · Cited by 24
Briskin, J. L., Bogg, T., & Haddad, J. (2018) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2018.02633 · Cited by 21
“While a substantial amount of research has investigated phone messaging behaviors, much of this research has focused on isolated contexts—messaging behaviors during social interactions (Przybylski and Weinstein, 2013; McDaniel and Coyne, 2016), messaging behaviors in classrooms (Wei et al.”
BackgroundCummings, R. D., & Reimer, T. O. (2020) · Mobile Media & Communication · doi:10.1177/2050157920958437 · Cited by 21
“Email: Rjcummings11@gmail.com turmoil (Duran et al., 2011; Kelly & Miller-Ott, 2014; Miller-Ott et al., 2012; Misra et al., 2014; Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013).”
BackgroundInfluentialDigital social multitasking (DSMT), digital stress, and socioemotional wellbeing among adolescents
Yang, C., Smith, C. M., Pham, T., & Ariati, J. (2023) · Cyberpsychology Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace · doi:10.5817/cp2023-1-6 · Cited by 24
Hasan, S. A., Naseem, A., Mahmood, M., Sajjad, Z., & Mirza, M. Z. (2024) · Journal of Management Development · doi:10.1108/jmd-08-2023-0230 · Cited by 25
Smartphones and Face‐to‐Face Interaction: Digital Cross‐Talk During Encounters in Everyday Life
Ictech, B. (2018) · Symbolic Interaction · doi:10.1002/symb.406 · Cited by 21
The emotional cost of AI chatbots in education: Who benefits and who struggles?
Carter, J. W., Scott, J., & Barrett, J. D. (2025) · Computers in Human Behavior Artificial Humans · doi:10.1016/j.chbah.2025.100181 · Cited by 23
Bradley, R. H. (2020) · Cambridge University Press eBooks · doi:10.1017/9781108866040 · Cited by 20
Mental Health and the Field Research Team
Eifling, K. P. (2021) · Advances in Archaeological Practice · doi:10.1017/aap.2020.51 · Cited by 20
Nomkin, L. G., & Gordon, I. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257956 · Cited by 24
Linares, C., & Sellier, A.-L. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0251451 · Cited by 23
“However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no direct evidence either confirming or invalidating the impact of the mere presence of a mobile phone on relationship formation, as Przybylski and Weinstein [12] documented it.”
BackgroundMethodResultInfluentialLeader Phubbing and Employee Job Performance: The Effect of Need for Social Approval
Xu, T., Wang, T., & Duan, J. (2022) · Psychology Research and Behavior Management · doi:10.2147/prbm.s370409 · Cited by 20
“Focusing on leader phubbing, a newborn leader behavior emerging with the mobile Internet era, the results also provide a conceptual basis for interventions to reduce the impact of mobile technology devices on workplace trust building based on interpersonal interaction.(24) Third, our research demonstrated a boundary c…”
BackgroundYu, B., Tong, J., & Guo, C. (2024) · Children and Youth Services Review · doi:10.1016/j.childyouth.2024.108082 · Cited by 23
When algorithms meet emotions: Understanding consumer satisfaction in AI companion applications
Silayach, N., Ray, R. K., Singh, N. K., Dash, D. P., & Singh, A. K. (2025) · Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services · doi:10.1016/j.jretconser.2025.104298 · Cited by 21
Kiefner‐Burmeister, A., Domoff, S. E., & Radesky, J. S. (2020) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph17176077 · Cited by 19
“use during social events has been associated with less communication among family members [9].”
BackgroundPositive Technology: Using Mobile Phones for Psychosocial Interventions
Konrath, S. (2015) · IGI Global eBooks · doi:10.4018/978-1-4666-8239-9.ch072 · Cited by 18
“For example, one well-designed experiment found that the mere presence of a cell phone in the room resulted in lower feelings of closeness and trust between two conversing strangers (Przybylski & Weinstein, 2013).”
BackgroundZhang, P., & Wang, X. (2025) · BMC Psychology · doi:10.1186/s40359-025-02363-2 · Cited by 18
“As a result, this negatively impacts the quality of the relationship [21].”
Bouchillon, B. C. (2020) · Social Science Computer Review · doi:10.1177/0894439320909506 · Cited by 20
Metadata
- Authors
- Przybylski, A. K., & Weinstein, N.
- Affiliations
- University of Essex (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Przybylski, Andrew K.
- Venue
- Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-07-19
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 237-246
- ISSN
- 0265-4075 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-3608
- OpenAlex
- W2118609397
- Cited by
- 751
- References
- 21
- Citations by year
- 2026: 57 · 2025: 104 · 2024: 66 · 2023: 70 · 2022: 54 · 2021: 70 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 56 · 2018: 65 · 2017: 40 · 2016: 32 · 2015: 26 · 2014: 16 · 2013: 4
- FWCI
- 22.61
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Social and Personal Relationships (publishedVersion)
- ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Impact of Technology on Adolescents
- Social Sciences › Linguistics and Language › Digital Communication and Language
- Keywords
- mobile devices, mobile communication technology, face-to-face communication, relationship quality, closeness, social connectedness, interpersonal communication, dyadic interaction
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