Different effects of attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance on depressive symptoms: A meta-analysis
Abstract
Although insecure adult attachment is thought to be associated with depressive symptoms, results of research on the link between attachment dimensions (attachment anxiety and attachment avoidance) and depressive symptoms have been inconsistent. The aim of this study was to use meta-analysis to examine the strength of the correlations between the two attachment dimensions and depressive symptoms. A total of 64 papers and 78 independent samples were included in this meta-analysis. Results showed significant associations between both attachment dimensions and depressive symptoms. Additional analyses indicated that attachment anxiety was more strongly related to depressive symptoms, whereas attachment avoidance was weakly related to depressive symptoms. Cultural orientation and sex were found to moderate the relationship between attachment anxiety and depressive symptoms. Age was a significant moderator of the relationships between both attachment anxiety and avoidance and depressive symptoms. Results of the meta-analysis and the implications were discussed.
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Anxious attachment appears more strongly linked to depressive symptoms than attachment avoidance.
“Anxious attachment appears more strongly linked to depressive symptoms than attachment avoidance (Sabaß et al. 2022; Zheng et al. 2020), and is particularly associated with persistent forms of depression (Mikulincer and Shaver 2003).”
From Reciprocal Dynamics of Therapeutic Alliance and Depressive Symptoms in Inpatient Cognitive Behavioural Analysis System of Psychotherapy: The Role of Attachment Insecurity. (2025) · cites this paper as Zheng et al. 2020
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Romantic Attachment and Cognitive-Emotional Regulation in Psychological Maladjustment
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- Authors
- Zheng, L., Luo, Y., & Chen, X.
- Affiliations
- Southwest University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Xu
- ORCID
- Chen, Xu
- Venue
- Journal of Social and Personal Relationships
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2020-08-17
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 3028-3050
- ISSN
- 0265-4075 (ISSN-L)
- 1460-3608
- OpenAlex
- W3049149111
- Cited by
- 73
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 13 · 2024: 15 · 2023: 17 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 1
- FWCI
- 1.41
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Social and Personal Relationships (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Attachment and Relationship Dynamics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Keywords
- attachment anxiety, attachment avoidance, depressive symptoms, insecure adult attachment, attachment dimensions, cultural orientation, sex differences, age differences
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Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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