Study of the therapeutic effects of a hippotherapy simulator in children with cerebral palsy: a stratified single-blind randomized controlled trial
Abstract
Objective: To investigate whether hippotherapy (when applied by a simulator) improves postural control and balance in children with cerebral palsy. Design: Stratified single-blind randomized controlled trial with an independent assessor. Stratification was made by gross motor function classification system levels, and allocation was concealed. Subjects: Children between 4 and 18 years old with cerebral palsy. Interventions: Participants were randomized to an intervention (simulator ON) or control (simulator OFF) group after getting informed consent. Treatment was provided once a week (15 minutes) for 10 weeks. Main measures: Gross Motor Function Measure (dimension B for balance and the Total Score) and Sitting Assessment Scale were carried out at baseline (prior to randomization), end of intervention and 12 weeks after completing the intervention. Results: Thirty-eight children participated. The groups were balanced at baseline. Sitting balance (measured by dimension B of the Gross Motor Function Measure) improved significantly in the treatment group (effect size = 0.36; 95% CI 0.01–0.71) and the effect size was greater in the severely disabled group (effect size = 0.80; 95% CI 0.13–1.47). The improvements in sitting balance were not maintained over the follow-up period. Changes in the total score of the Gross Motor Function Measure and the Sitting Assessment Scale were not significant. Conclusion: Hippotherapy with a simulator can improve sitting balance in cerebral palsy children who have higher levels of disability. However, this did not lead to a change in the overall function of these children (Gross Motor Function Classification System level V).
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Simulator training for 2.5 hours (one 15min session/wk for 10wks) did not improve sitting balance (BF&S and 'activity') in a heterogeneous group of children with CP (GMFCS I-IV, predominantly non-ambulant GMFCS IV).
“Simulator training for 2.5 hours (one 15min session/wk for 10wks) did not improve sitting balance (BF&S and 'activity') in a heterogeneous group of children with CP (GMFCS I -IV, predominantly non-ambulant GMFCS IV) (evidence level II, conduct strong; see Table SIIIa). 49”
From Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [49]
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Weekly Hippotherapy Improves Gross Motor Function in Cerebral Palsy: A Meta-Analysis
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- Authors
- Herrero, P., Gómez-Trullén, E. M., Asensio, Á., García, E., Casas, R., Monserrat, E., & Pandyan, A.
- Affiliations
- Universidad San Jorge (ES)
- Universidad de Zaragoza (ES)
- Asociación para la Investigación en la Discapacidad Motriz (ES)
- Keele University (GB)
- Venue
- Clinical Rehabilitation
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2012-05-18
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 12
- Pages
- 1105-1113
- ISSN
- 0269-2155 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-0873
- OpenAlex
- W2098303294
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 33
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 5 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 3 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 2.28
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Clinical Rehabilitation (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Universidad San Jorge
- Keele University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Neurology › Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Keywords
- hippotherapy, cerebral palsy, children, postural control, balance, sitting balance, Gross Motor Function Measure, Gross Motor Function Classification System, gross motor function, disability severity
- MeSH terms
- Activities of Daily Living, Adolescent, Cerebral Palsy, Child, Child, Preschool, Postural Balance, Female, Humans, Male, Robotics, Spain, Single-Blind Method, Equine-Assisted Therapy, Intention to Treat Analysis
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