The Effect of Hippotherapy on Postural Control in Sitting for Children with Cerebral Palsy
Abstract
The purpose of this single subject research study was to examine the effects of a once weekly, 10-week hippotherapy program for three children, ages 27-54 months, with cerebral palsy. Participants were rated as Level V on the Gross Motor Function Classification System. The Sitting Dimension of the Gross Motor Function Measure was used to establish a baseline of sitting abilities, and was administered every 2 weeks during intervention. The Sitting Assessment Scale and the Gross Motor Function Measure were administered before, after, and 4 weeks postintervention. Parental perceptions of the hippotherapy intervention were assessed using questionnaires. None of the children made gains on any of the standardized outcome measures. Parental perceptions were very positive, with reported improvements in range of motion and head control.
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No improvement was seen for younger (2-5y), non-ambulant (GMFCS V) children receiving lower-dose (8h) hippotherapy in sitting balance (BF&S and activity; evidence level III, conduct moderate).
“In contrast, no improvement was seen for younger (2 -5y), non-ambulant (GMFCS V) children receiving lower-dose (8h) hippotherapy (one 1h session/wk for 8wks) in sitting balance (BF&S and 'activity'; evidence level III, conduct moderate; see Table IIIb). 46”
From Exercise interventions improve postural control in children with cerebral palsy: a systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as [46]
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“In contrast, no improvement was seen for younger (2–5y), non-ambulant (GMFCS V) children receiving lower-dose (8h) hippotherapy (one 1h session/wk for 8wks) in sitting balance (BF&S and ‘activity’; evidence level III, conduct moderate; see Table IIIb).(46) Two systematic reviews, published in 2011 and 2013, concluded…”
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“General improvement of gross motor functions, particularly in GMFM-88 dimension E [14], was also assessed by Center for Sport Therapy Research, East Aurora, while temporary improvement in dimension C, D and E was evaluated by the University of Quebec [14] and in dimension B by Squak Mountain Therapy, Issaquah [ 15 ].”
MethodFunctional change in children with cerebral palsyPreprint
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Carbonetti, R., Giorgi, G., Cordone, G., Cherubini, P., Iovalè, J., Toglia, R., Lettori, D., & Castelli, E. (2026) · Journal of Pediatric and Neonatal Clinical Practice · doi:10.82051/jpncp-2026-496
- Authors
- Hamill, D., Washington, K., & White, O. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Corresponding author
- Washington, Kathleen
- Venue
- Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2007-01
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 23-42
- ISSN
- 0194-2638 (ISSN-L)
- 1541-3144
- OpenAlex
- W2099372970
- Cited by
- 74
- References
- 29
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2024: 1 · 2023: 2 · 2022: 2 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 4 · 2019: 10 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 5 · 2014: 7 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 6
- FWCI
- 0.80
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Physical & Occupational Therapy In Pediatrics (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Cerebral Palsy and Movement Disorders
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Human-Animal Interaction Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Developmental and Educational Psychology › Children's Physical and Motor Development
- Keywords
- hippotherapy, postural control, sitting, cerebral palsy, children, Gross Motor Function Classification System, Gross Motor Function Measure, parental attitudes, range of motion, head control
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cerebral Palsy, Child, Preschool, Female, Horses, Humans, Male, Posture, Physical Therapy Modalities
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