Using the ‘Social Marketing Mix Framework’ to explore recruitment barriers and facilitators in palliative care randomised controlled trials? A narrative synthesis review
Open accessAbstract
Background: Effective recruitment to randomised controlled trials is critically important for a robust, trustworthy evidence base in palliative care. Many trials fail to achieve recruitment targets, but the reasons for this are poorly understood. Understanding barriers and facilitators is a critical step in designing optimal recruitment strategies. Aim: To identify, explore and synthesise knowledge about recruitment barriers and facilitators in palliative care trials using the ‘6 Ps’ of the ‘Social Marketing Mix Framework’. Design: A systematic review with narrative synthesis. Data sources: Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO and Embase databases (from January 1990 to early October 2016) were searched. Papers included the following: interventional and qualitative studies addressing recruitment, palliative care randomised controlled trial papers or reports containing narrative observations about the barriers, facilitators or strategies to increase recruitment. Results: A total of 48 papers met the inclusion criteria. Uninterested participants (Product), burden of illness (Price) and ‘identifying eligible participants’ were barriers. Careful messaging and the use of scripts/role play (Promotion) were recommended. The need for intensive resources and gatekeeping by professionals were barriers while having research staff on-site and lead clinician support (Working with Partners) was advocated. Most evidence is based on researchers’ own reports of experiences of recruiting to trials rather than independent evaluation. Conclusion: The ‘Social Marketing Mix Framework’ can help guide researchers when planning and implementing their recruitment strategy but suggested strategies need to be tested within embedded clinical trials. The findings of this review are applicable to all palliative care research and not just randomised controlled trials.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Challenges associated with recruitment and retention of participants in palliative care studies are widely recognised, with factors such as deteriorating health, feelings of being overwhelmed, and fatigue contributing to low levels of recruitment and retention.
“Challenges associated with recruitment and retention of participants in palliative care studies are widely recognised, with factors such as deteriorating health, feelings of being overwhelmed, and fatigue, all contributing to low levels of recruitment and retention.71,72”
From Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) for people with advanced progressive illness, their caregivers and staff involved in their care: A scoping review. (2023) · cites this paper as [72]
Split into 2 atoms — 0 confirmed, 2 partially supported, 0 disputed, 0 misattributed, 0 unverifiable. Expand the claim to see per-atom verdicts.
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Gale, N. K., Heath, G., Cameron, E., Rashid, S., & Redwood, S. (2013) · BMC Medical Research Methodology · doi:10.1186/1471-2288-13-117 · Cited by 10,865 · see citing works
Association Between Palliative Care and Patient and Caregiver Outcomes
Kavalieratos, D., Corbelli, J. A., Zhang, D., Dionne-Odom, J. N., Ernecoff, N. C., Hanmer, J., Hoydich, Z., Ikejiani, D. Z., Klein‐Fedyshin, M., Zimmermann, C., et al. (2016) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.2016.16840 · Cited by 1,183 · see citing works
McDonald, A. M., Knight, R. C., Campbell, M. K., Entwistle, V. A., Grant, A. M., Cook, J. A., Elbourne, D. R., Francis, D., Garcia, J., Roberts, I., et al. (2006) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-7-9 · Cited by 946 · see citing works
Barriers to Participation in Randomised Controlled Trials
Ross, S., Grant, A., Counsell, C., Gillespie, W., Russell, I., & Prescott, R. (1999) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00141-9 · Cited by 907 · see citing works
Early palliative care for adults with advanced cancer
Haun, M. W., Estel, S., Rücker, G., Friederich, H.-C., Villalobos, M., Thomas, M., & Hartmann, M. (2017) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd011129.pub2 · Cited by 757 · see citing works
Mills, E. J., Seely, D., Rachlis, B., Griffith, L. E., Wu, P., Wilson, K. R., Ellis, P., & Wright, J. R. (2006) · The Lancet Oncology · doi:10.1016/s1470-2045(06)70576-9 · Cited by 536 · see citing works
Sully, B. G. O., Julious, S. A., & Nicholl, J. (2013) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-14-166 · Cited by 410 · see citing works
Agar, M. R., Lawlor, P. G., Quinn, S. J., Draper, B., Caplan, G. A., Rowett, D. S., Sanderson, C. R., Hardy, J. R., Le, B. H. C., Eckermann, S. D., et al. (2016) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.7491 · Cited by 366 · see citing works
Jordhøy, M. S., Kaasa, S., Fayers, P. M., Underland, G., & Ahlner‐Elmqvist, M. (1999) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1191/026921699668963873 · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Donovan, J. L., Paramasivan, S., de Salis, I., & Toerien, M. (2014) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-5 · Cited by 262 · see citing works
Evaluation of a palliative care service: problems and pitfalls
McWhinney, I. R., Bass, M. J., & Donner, A. P. (1994) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.309.6965.1340 · Cited by 253 · see citing works
Why are trials in palliative care so difficult?
Grande, G., & Todd, C. J. (2000) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1191/026921600677940614 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
A systematic review of reasons for gatekeeping in palliative care research
Kars, M. C., van Thiel, G. J., van der Graaf, R., Moors, M., de Graeff, A., & van Delden, J. J. (2016) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216315616759 · Cited by 205 · see citing works
Bakitas, M. A., Lyons, K. D., Hegel, M. T., Balan, S., Barnett, K. N., Brokaw, F. C., Byock, I. R., Hull, J. G., Li, Z., McKinstry, E., et al. (2009) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951509000108 · Cited by 189 · see citing works
Donovan, J., de Salis, I. O. C., Toerien, M., Paramasivan, S., Hamdy, F. C., & Blazeby, J. M. (2014) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.jclinepi.2014.03.010 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Sampson, E. L., Jones, L., Thuné‐Boyle, I., Kukkastenvehmas, R. H., King, M., Leurent, B., Tookman, A. J., & Blanchard, M. R. (2011) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216310391691 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Bouça-Machado, R., Rosário, M., Alarcão, J., Correia-Guedes, L., Abreu, D., & Ferreira, J. J. (2017) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-016-0181-9 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Philip, J. A. M., Gold, M., Milner, A. D., Iulio, J. D., Miller, B., & Spruyt, O. (2006) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2006.06.009 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Methodologic Issues in Collecting Data From Debilitated Patients With Cancer Near the End of Life
McMillan, S. C., & Weitzner, M. A. (2003) · Oncology nursing forum · doi:10.1188/03.onf.123-129 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Effectiveness of a hand-held fan for breathlessness: a randomised phase II trial
Bausewein, C., Booth, S., Gysels, M., Kühnbach, R., & Higginson, I. J. (2010) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/1472-684x-9-22 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Tieman, J., Sladek, R., & Currow, D. C. (2008) · Journal of Clinical Oncology · doi:10.1200/jco.2008.17.6230 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Miller, D. K., Chibnall, J. T., Videen, S. D., & Duckro, P. N. (2005) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2005.8.333 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Hanson, L. C., Bull, J., Wessell, K. L., Massie, L., Bennett, R. E., Kutner, J. S., Aziz, N. M., & Abernethy, A. P. (2014) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.04.008 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Overcoming Recruitment Challenges in Palliative Care Clinical Trials
LeBlanc, T. W., Lodato, J. E., Currow, D. C., & Abernethy, A. P. (2013) · Journal of Oncology Practice · doi:10.1200/jop.2013.000996 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Strategies designed to help healthcare professionals to recruit participants to research studies
Preston, N. J., Farquhar, M. C., Walshe, C., Stevinson, C. D., Ewing, G., Calman, L. A., Burden, S. T., Brown, C., Hopkinson, J. B., & Todd, C. J. (2016) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.mr000036.pub2 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationSladek, R., Tieman, J., Fazekas, B. S., Abernethy, A. P., & Currow, D. C. (2006) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Human research ethics committees: issues in palliative care research
Lee, S., & Kristjanson, L. J. (2003) · International Journal of Palliative Nursing · doi:10.12968/ijpn.2003.9.1.11040 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Fischer, S. M., Cervantes, L., Fink, R. M., & Kutner, J. S. (2014) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.08.011 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Rick, J., Graffy, J., Knapp, P., Small, N., Collier, D., Eldridge, S. M., Kennedy, A. P., Salisbury, C., Treweek, S. P., Torgerson, D. J., et al. (2014) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-407 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Hardy, J. R., Ling, J., Mansi, J., Isaacs, R., Bliss, J. M., A’Hern, R., Blake, P., Gore, M. E., Shepherd, J. H., & Hanks, G. (1998) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1191/026921698666334766 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Rehabilitation in Advanced, Progressive, Recurrent Cancer: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Jones, L., Fitzgerald, G., Leurent, B., Round, J. A., Eades, J., Davis, S., Gishen, F., Holman, A. J., Hopkins, K. A., & Tookman, A. J. (2012) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2012.08.017 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Spiritual history taking in palliative home care: A cluster randomized controlled trial
Vermandere, M., Warmenhoven, F., Van Severen, E., De Lepeleire, J., & Aertgeerts, B. (2016) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216315601953 · Cited by 67 · see citing works
Social Marketing as a Framework for Recruitment
Nichols, L. O., Martindale-Adams, J. L., Burns, R. A., Coon, D. W., Ory, M. G., Mahoney, D. F., Tarlow, B., Burgio, L. D., Gallagher-Thompson, D. E., Guy, D., et al. (2004) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264304269727 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Randomized controlled trials in palliative care: overcoming the obstacles
Hudson, P., Aranda, S. K., & McMurray, N. E. (2001) · International Journal of Palliative Nursing · doi:10.12968/ijpn.2001.7.9.9301 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Higginson, I. J., Hart, S., Burman, R., Silber, E., Saleem, T., & Edmonds, P. M. (2008) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/1472-684x-7-7 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Jones, L., Harrington, J., Barlow, C., Tookman, A. J., Drake, R., Barnes, K. A., & King, M. (2011) · Palliative & Supportive Care · doi:10.1017/s1478951510000490 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Novel consent process for research in dying patients unable to give consent
Rees, E., & Hardy, J. (2003) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.327.7408.198 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Recruiting into palliative care trials: lessons learnt from a feasibility study
Cook, A., Finlay, I. G., & Butler-Keating, R. J. (2002) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1191/0269216302pm551xx · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Goodwin, P. J., Leszcz, M., Quirt, G., Koopmans, J., Arnold, A., Dohan, E., Hundleby, M., Chochinov, H. M., & Navarro, M. (2000) · Journal of Clinical Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00148-1 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Johnson, M. J., Booth, S., Currow, D. C., Lam, L. T.-M., & Phillips, J. L. (2016) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2015.11.026 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Shelby‐James, T., Hardy, J. R., Agar, M. R., Yates, P. M., Mitchell, G. K., Sanderson, C. R., Luckett, T., Abernethy, A. P., & Currow, D. C. (2011) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216311417036 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Learning the hard way! Setting up an RCT of aromatherapy massage for patients with advanced cancer
Westcombe, A. M., Gambles, M., Wilkinson, S., Barnes, K. A., Fellowes, D., Maher, E. J., Young, T., Love, S., Lucey, R., Cubbin, S., et al. (2003) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1191/0269216303pm769rr · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Effective Caring: a synthesis of the international evidence on carer needs and interventions
Eagar, K., Owen, A., Williams, K. E., Westera, A., Marosszeky, N., England, R., & Morris, D. (2007) · Figshare · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Bakitas, M. A., Lyons, K. D., Dixon, J. K., & Ahles, T. A. (2006) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2005.07.011 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Farquhar, M. C., Higginson, I. J., Fagan, P., & Booth, S. (2009) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/1472-684x-8-9 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Boland, J. W., Currow, D. C., Wilcock, A., Tieman, J., Hussain, J. A., Pitsillides, C., Abernethy, A. P., & Johnson, M. J. (2014) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.09.018 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Barriers to Obtaining Consent in Dementia Research: Implications for Surrogate Decision‐Making
Baskin, S. A., Morris, J., Ahronheim, J. C., Meier, D. E., & Morrison, R. S. (1998) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.1998.tb01039.x · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Kutner, J. S., Smith, M. C., Mellis, K., Felton, S., Yamashita, T. E., & Corbin, L. W. (2010) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2009.0408 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Recruitment and enrollment of caregivers for a lifestyle physical activity clinical trial
Etkin, C. D., Farran, C. J., Barnes, L. L., & Shah, R. C. (2011) · Research in Nursing & Health · doi:10.1002/nur.20466 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Conducting the ACTIVE randomized trial in hospice care: Keys to success
Kruse, R. L., Oliver, D. P., Wittenberg-Lyles, E. M., & Demiris, G. (2012) · Clinical Trials · doi:10.1177/1740774512461858 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Mitchell, G. K., & Abernethy, A. P. (2005) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/jpm.2005.8.1226 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Fowell, A., Johnstone, R., Finlay, I. G., Russell, D., & Russell, I. T. (2006) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216306072554 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Noble, S., Nelson, A., Fitzmaurice, D. A., Bekkers, M., Baillie, J., Sivell, S., Canham, J. E., Smith, J. D., Casbard, A. C., Cohen, A. T., et al. (2015) · Health Technology Assessment · doi:10.3310/hta19830 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Audrey, S. (2011) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216311419548 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Goldstein, N. E., Kalman, J., Kutner, J. S., Fromme, E. K., Hutchinson, M. D., Lipman, H. I., Matlock, D. D., Swetz, K. M., Lampert, R. J., Herasme, O. I., et al. (2014) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2014.03.005 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Clark, K., Currow, D. C., Agar, M. R., Fazekas, B. S., & Abernethy, A. P. (2008) · Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy · doi:10.1080/15360280801992058 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Challenges in Palliative Care Research: One Experience
Buss, M. K., & Arnold, R. M. (2004) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/1096621041349437 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Ammari, A. B. H., Hendriksen, C., & Rydahl‐Hansen, S. (2015) · Journal of Psychosocial Oncology · doi:10.1080/07347332.2015.1082168 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Galli, L., Knight, R., Robertson, S., Hoile, E., Oladapo, O., Francis, D., & Free, C. (2014) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-15-182 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
The impact of conducting a regional palliative care clinical study
Currow, D. C., Abernethy, A. P., Shelby‐James, T., & Phillips, P. A. (2006) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216306072346 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Gorman, G., Forrest, J. M., Stapleton, S. J., Hoenig, N. A., Marschke, M., Durham, J., Suarez, M. L., & Wilkie, D. J. (2008) · Journal of Hospice and Palliative Nursing · doi:10.1097/01.njh.0000319160.89854.ab · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Sigurdardottir, K. R., Oldervoll, L. M., Hjermstad, M. J., Kaasa, S., Knudsen, A. K., Løhre, E. T., Loge, J. H., & Haugen, D. F. (2013) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.06.005 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
The Patient Care Travelling Record© in Palliative Care
Latimer, E. J., Crabb, M. R., Roberts, J. G., Ewen, M., & Roberts, J. (1998) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/s0885-3924(98)00027-x · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Preparation, information and liaison: conducting successful research in palliative care
Daniels, L. E., & Exley, C. (2001) · International Journal of Palliative Nursing · doi:10.12968/ijpn.2001.7.4.9036 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Validation of the Phase II Feasibility Study in a Palliative Care Setting
Lee, C., Vather, R., O’Callaghan, A., Robinson, J., McLeod, B., Findlay, M. P. N., & Bissett, I. P. (2012) · American Journal of Hospice and Palliative Medicine® · doi:10.1177/1049909112471422 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Topical benzydamine cream and the relief of pressure pain
Prentice, W. M., Roth, L., & Kelly, P. J. (2004) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1191/0269216304pm926oa · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Strategies for recruiting patients into randomized trials of palliative care
Miller, D. K., & Chibnall, J. T. (2003) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1191/0269216303pm765xx · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Zambroski, C. H., Buck, H. G., Garrison, C. M., & McMillan, S. C. (2013) · The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing · doi:10.1097/jcn.0b013e3182784cc0 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Storey, C. P. (2004) · Journal of Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1089/1096621041349455 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Recruitment strategies for palliative cancer care patients and carers
Hussainy, S. Y., & Marriott, J. (2009) · International Journal of Pharmacy Practice · doi:10.1211/ijpp.17.06.0009 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Riopelle, D., Wagner, G. J., Steckart, J., Lorenz, K., & Rosenfeld, K. E. (2011) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2010.09.023 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Service user and patient and public involvement in palliative and supportive care research
Noble, B., Buckle, P., & Gadd, B. (2015) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2015-001069 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Mastering breathlessness in patients with advanced respiratory disease
Radbruch, L. (2014) · The Lancet Respiratory Medicine · doi:10.1016/s2213-2600(14)70204-8 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Farquhar, M. C., Brafman-Kennedy, B., Higginson, I. J., & Booth, S. (2011) · Trials · doi:10.1186/1745-6215-12-s1-a119 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 4
- Aveyard H, Payne , S and Preston, N. A Post-graduate's Guide to Doing a Literature Review: in Health and Social Care Open University Press, 2016, p.113.
- Abernethy AP, Currow DC, Wurzelmann J, et al. Enhancing enrollment in palliative care trials: key insights from a randomized, placebo-controlled study. The journal of supportive oncology 2010; 8: 139-144. 2010/06/18.
- Buss MK, DuBenske LL, Dinauer S, et al. Patient/caregiver influences for declining participation in supportive oncology trials. Journal of Supportive Oncology 2008; 6: 168-174.
- Catherine Walshe and Nancy Preston are Lesley Dunleavy's PhD supervisors. They have provided support throughout the development of this paper as well as critical review and suggestions for improvement. http://mc.http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/palliative-medicine Page 51 of 57 Palliative Medicine http://mc.http://mc.manuscriptcentral.com/palliative-medicine Palliative Medicine Page 52 of 57
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Korfage, I. J., Carreras, G., Christensen, C. A., Billekens, P., Bramley, L., Briggs, L. A., Bulli, F., Caswell, G., Červ, B., van Delden, J. J. M., et al. (2020) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1003422 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
Self-citationClinical Aspects of Palliative Sedation in Prospective Studies. A Systematic Review
Arantzamendi, M., Belar, A., Payne, S. A., Rijpstra, M., Preston, N. J., Menten, J. J., der Elst, M. V., Radbruch, L., Hasselaar, J. G. J., & Centeno, C. (2020) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2020.09.022 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Self-citationRodríguez-Torres, E., González-Pérez, M. M., & Díaz-Pérez, C. (2021) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2021.100829 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Hall, C. C., Cook, J., Maddocks, M. M., Skipworth, R. J. E., Fallon, M., & Laird, B. J. A. (2019) · Supportive Care in Cancer · doi:10.1007/s00520-019-04749-6 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Virtual Reality in Palliative Care: A Systematic Review
Martin, J. L., Saredakis, D., Hutchinson, A. D., Crawford, G. B., & Loetscher, T. (2022) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare10071222 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Belar, A., Arantzamendi, M., Payne, S. A., Preston, N. J., Rijpstra, M., Hasselaar, J. G. J., Radbruch, L., Vanderelst, M., Ling, J., & Centeno, C. (2020) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/0269216320974264 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Self-citationWalshe, C., Roberts, D., Calman, L. A., Appleton, L., Croft, R., Skevington, S. M., Lloyd‐Williams, M., Grande, G., & Algorta, G. P. (2020) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-020-00631-z · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Self-citationBrennan, L. K., Sadeghi, F., O’Neill, L. M., Guinan, E. M., Smyth, L., Sheill, G., Smyth, E., Doyle, S. L., Timon, C., Connolly, D., et al. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14112707 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Gibson Watt, T., Gillanders, D., Spiller, J. A., & Finucane, A. M. (2023) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/02692163231183101 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Oriani, A., Dunleavy, L., Sharples, P., Algorta, G. P., & Preston, N. J. (2020) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-019-0506-6 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Self-citationBelar, A., Arantzamendi, M., Menten, J. J., Payne, S. A., Hasselaar, J. G. J., & Centeno, C. (2022) · Cancers · doi:10.3390/cancers14020301 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Walshe, C., Dunleavy, L., Preston, N. J., Payne, S. A., Ellershaw, J., Taylor, V., Mason, S. R., Nwosu, A. C., Gadoud, A., Ruth Board, et al. (2024) · BMC Palliative Care · doi:10.1186/s12904-024-01488-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationBaker, F. A., Blauth, L., Bloska, J., Bukowska, A. A., Flynn, L. M., Hsu, M., Janus, E., Johansson, K., Odell‐Miller, H., Miller, H., et al. (2023) · Contemporary Clinical Trials Communications · doi:10.1016/j.conctc.2023.101079 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Dunleavy, L., Preston, N. J., & Walshe, C. (2023) · Palliative Medicine · doi:10.1177/02692163231197917 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationJabbie, L., Walshe, C., & Ahmed, F. (2023) · International Journal of Mental Health Nursing · doi:10.1111/inm.13253 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Self-citationSlev, V. N., Molenkamp, C. M., Eeltink, C., Pasman, H. R. W., Leeuw, I. M. V., Francke, A. L., & van Uden‐Kraan, C. F. (2020) · European Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.ejon.2019.101716 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Tompkins, C. N. E., Neale, J., Marsden, J., & Strang, J. (2019) · Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment · doi:10.1016/j.jsat.2019.01.012 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Bull, J., Bonsignore, L., Massie, L., Riggs, A. R., Knotková, H., Wellman, C., & Portenoy, R. K. (2019) · Journal of Pain and Symptom Management · doi:10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2018.09.024 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Optimised clinical study recruitment in palliative care: success strategies and lessons learned
White, C., Noble, S., Watson, M., Swan, F., Nelson, A., & Johnson, M. J. (2019) · BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care · doi:10.1136/bmjspcare-2019-001820 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Attitudes of Palliative Care Practitioners Towards Enrolling Patients in Clinical Trials
Nagla, A., Le, B. H. C., White, C., Kiburg, K., & Philip, J. A. M. (2022) · Journal of Palliative Care · doi:10.1177/08258597211063057 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Carroll, A. J., Hahn, E. A., & Grady, K. L. (2022) · Quality of Life Research · doi:10.1007/s11136-022-03111-4 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Facilitators and Barriers to Patient–Caregiver Dyadic Recruitment in Transplantation
Koons, B., Lehman, R., Riegel, B. J., & Buck, H. G. (2025) · Nursing Research · doi:10.1097/nnr.0000000000000838 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Schunk, M. V., Berger, U., Le, L. D., Rehfuess, E. A., Schwarzkopf, L., Streitwieser, S., Müller, T., Hofmann, M., Holle, R., Huber, R. M., et al. (2021) · ERJ Open Research · doi:10.1183/23120541.00228-2020 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Tanzi, S., & Martucci, G. (2023) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2023.991791 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Hermann, L. L., Arundel, C., Thomas, A., Twiddy, M., & Clark, L. (2024) · Research Methods in Medicine & Health Sciences · doi:10.1177/26320843241289094 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Dunleavy, L., R. E. Board, Coyle, S., Dickman, A. R., Ellershaw, J., Gadoud, A., Halvorsen, J., Hulbert-Williams, N., Lightbody, C. E., Mason, S., et al. (2024) · Public Health Research · doi:10.3310/awlt2995 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationHosseini, S. H., Hajebi, A., Motevalian, S. A., Hojjat, S. K., Ashoorkhani, M., & Sadeghi, R. (2021) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.22122/ahj.v13i2.300
The Systematic Model for the Promotion of Library and Information Resources and Services
Рыхторова, А. Е. (2021) · Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science] · doi:10.25281/0869-608x-2021-70-6-577-586
Recruitment, Retention, and Follow-Up: Frustration or Bliss
Baker, F. A. (2022) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-031-18085-9_6
Phygitalization of Palliative Care and Its Social Marketing
Djakeli, K. (2024) · Advances in marketing, customer relationship management, and e-services book series · doi:10.4018/979-8-3693-3924-4.ch012
How to ensure good recruitment
Dunleavy, L. (2025) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/9780191924644.003.0025
Self-citationVu, H. N. D., Taylor, L., Haysom, S., & Nielsen, M. R. (2025) · Conservation Science and Practice · doi:10.1111/csp2.70130
Sawunyavisuth, B., Heingraj, S., Jongudomkarn, D., & Sawanyawisuth, K. (2026) · Social Marketing Quarterly · doi:10.1177/15245004261469690
- Authors
- Dunleavy, L., Walshe, C., Oriani, A., & Preston, N.
- Affiliations
- Lancaster University (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Walshe, Catherine
- Oriani, Anna
- Preston, Nancy
- Venue
- Palliative Medicine
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2018-02-27
- Volume
- 32
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 990-1009
- ISSN
- 0269-2163 (ISSN-L)
- 1477-030X
- OpenAlex
- W2789026213
- Cited by
- 33
- References
- 74
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 5 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 4
- FWCI
- 0.63
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- eprints.lancs.ac.uk
- Locations
- Palliative Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Lancaster EPrints (Lancaster University) (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- Lancaster University
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Ethics in Clinical Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Palliative Care and End-of-Life Issues
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Policy Implementation Science
- Keywords
- trial recruitment, recruitment barriers, palliative care research, role play, clinician support, disease burden
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Palliative Care, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Patient Selection, Qualitative Research, Social Marketing
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
