Longitudinal Relations Among Parenting, Best Friends, and Early Adolescent Problem Behavior: Testing Bidirectional Effects

Reitz, Ellen; Deković, Maja; Meijer, Anne Marie; Engels, Rutger C. M. E.

doi:10.1177/0272431606288591

Cited by 103Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional DevelopmentPsychosocial Factors Impacting YouthCrime Patterns and Interventions

Longitudinal Relations Among Parenting, Best Friends, and Early Adolescent Problem Behavior: Testing Bidirectional Effects

Reitz, Ellen, Deković, Maja, Meijer, Anne Marie, Engels, Rutger C. M. E.·2006·The Journal of Early Adolescence

DOI 10.1177/0272431606288591

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Abstract

In this longitudinal study, the bidirectional relations between parenting and friends’ deviance, on one hand, and early adolescent externalizing and internalizing problem behavior, on the other hand, are examined. Of the 650 adolescents (13- to 14-year-olds) who filled out the Youth Self-Report and questionnaires about their parents at two times within a 1-year interval, 141 adolescents could be paired, at both assessments, with the same best friend who also filled out the questionnaires. Stable friends were used as a control for selection effects within friendships. The results showed significant effects of adolescent externalizing and internalizing problem behavior on parenting 1 year later, but not vice versa. Friends’ deviance affected adolescent externalizing but not internalizing problem behavior over time. The inclusion of friends’ self-reports about their own behavior and the examination of reciprocal effects seems to be a step forward in understanding the processes among parents, peers, and early adolescent problem behavior.

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Parenting practices did not predict adolescents' internalizing problems assessed a year later, but internalizing problems in teenagers did predict parenting practices measured a year later.
“Whereas parenting practices did not predict adolescents’ internalizing problems assessed a year later, internalizing problems in teenagers did predict parenting practices measured a year later (Reitz et al., 2006).”
From Helicopter Parenting and Emotional Problems in Chinese Emerging Adults: Are there Cross-lagged Effects and the Mediations of Autonomy? (2023) · cites this paper as Reitz et al., 2006

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Reitz, E., Deković, M., Meijer, A. M., & Engels, R. C. M. E. (2006)
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Authors: Reitz, E., Deković, M., Meijer, A. M., & Engels, R. C. M. E.
Affiliations: Utrecht University (NL)
University of Amsterdam (NL)
Radboud University Nijmegen (NL)
Corresponding author: Reitz, Ellen
ORCID: Reitz, Ellen
Deković, Maja
Meijer, Anne Marie
Engels, Rutger C. M. E.
Venue: The Journal of Early Adolescence
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2006-08
Volume: 26
Issue: 3
Pages: 272-295
ISSN: 0272-4316 (ISSN-L)
1552-5449
DOI: 10.1177/0272431606288591
OpenAlex: W1983726289
Cited by: 103
References: 97
Citations by year: 2026: 3 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 6.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: The Journal of Early Adolescence (publishedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Psychosocial Factors Impacting Youth
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Crime Patterns and Interventions
Keywords: parenting, best friends, peer deviance, externalizing problems, internalizing problems, bidirectional relations, reciprocal effects, peer selection, parent-adolescent relationships

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Longitudinal Relations Among Parenting, Best Friends, and Early Adolescent Problem Behavior: Testing Bidirectional Effects

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