Cited by 603Decision-Making and Behavioral EconomicsPatient-Provider Communication in HealthcareClinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills

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A Theory of Medical Decision Making and Health: Fuzzy Trace Theory

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Reyna, Valerie F.·2008·Medical Decision Making

DOI 10.1177/0272989x08327066PMC PMC2617718

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Abstract

The tenets of fuzzy trace theory are summarized with respect to their relevance to health and medical decision making. Illustrations are given for HIV prevention, cardiovascular disease, surgical risk, genetic risk, and cancer prevention and control. A core idea of fuzzy trace theory is that people rely on the gist of information, its bottom-line meaning, as opposed to verbatim details in judgment and decision making. This idea explains why precise information (e.g., about risk) is not necessarily effective in encouraging prevention behaviors or in supporting medical decision making. People can get the facts right, and still not derive the proper meaning, which is key to informed decision making. Getting the gist is not sufficient, however. Retrieval (e.g., of health-related values) and processing interference brought on by thinking about nested or overlapping classes (e.g., in ratio concepts, such as probability) are also important. Theory-based interventions that work (and why they work) are presented, ranging from specific techniques aimed at enhancing representation, retrieval, and processing to a comprehensive intervention that integrates these components.

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Authors: Reyna, V. F.
Affiliations: Cornell University (US)
Corresponding author: Reyna, Valerie F.
ORCID: Reyna, Valerie F.
Venue: Medical Decision Making
Publisher: SAGE Publications
Published: 2008-11
Volume: 28
Issue: 6
Pages: 850-865
ISSN: 0272-989X (ISSN-L)
1552-681X
DOI: 10.1177/0272989x08327066
PMC: PMC2617718
OpenAlex: W2136995860
Cited by: 602
References: 79
Citations by year: 2026: 19 · 2025: 26 · 2024: 17 · 2023: 26 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 38 · 2020: 43 · 2019: 30 · 2018: 49 · 2017: 46 · 2016: 40 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 38 · 2013: 48 · 2012: 37
FWCI: 12.57
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations: Medical Decision Making (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institute of Mental Health (R01MH061211, MH-061211)
National Cancer Institute (R13CA126359)
Topics: Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › General Decision Sciences › Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Patient-Provider Communication in Healthcare
Health Sciences › Medicine › Family Practice › Clinical Reasoning and Diagnostic Skills
Keywords: fuzzy-trace theory, health behavior, risk perception, HIV prevention, cardiovascular disease, surgical risk, genetic risk, cancer prevention, retrieval, ratio concept, probability judgment, theory-based intervention
MeSH terms: Cardiovascular Diseases, Decision Making, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Models, Psychological, Neoplasms, Risk Factors, Surgical Procedures, Operative, Health Behavior, HIV Infections, Fuzzy Logic, Risk Assessment, Genetic Predisposition to Disease

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A Theory of Medical Decision Making and Health: Fuzzy Trace Theory

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