Sustainable Urban Forms: Their Typologies, Models, and Concepts
Abstract
This article identifies sustainable urban forms and their design concepts. In addition, it addresses the question of whether certain urban forms contribute more than others to sustainability. A thematic analysis has been used to coop with the vast body of sustainable development and environmental planning literature. The analysis identifies seven design concepts related to sustainable urban forms: compactness, sustainable transport, density, mixed land uses, diversity, passive solar design, and greening. Moreover, it identifies four types of sustainable urban forms: the neotraditional development, the urban containment, the compact city, and the eco-city. Finally, this article proposes a Matrix of Sustainable Urban Form to help planners in assessing the contribution of different urban forms to sustainability.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
For many contemporary urban scholars, theorists, and planners, the adoption of the strategies through which sustainable urban forms can be achieved is necessary for achieving the required level of sustainability.
“Of importance to underscore here is that for many contemporary urban scholars, theorists, and planners, the adoption of the strategies through which sustainable urban forms can be achieved is necessary for achieving the required level of sustainability (e.g., [42, 62-64, 67, 141, 142]).”
From On the sustainability of smart and smarter cities in the era of big data: an interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary literature review (2019) · cites this paper as [62]
Cites
Qualitative Data Analysis: An Expanded Sourcebook
(1994) · Journal of Environmental Psychology · doi:10.1016/s0272-4944(05)80231-2 · Cited by 48,420 · see citing works
(1998) · Cited by 13,501 · see citing works
Transportation Research Record
Olesen, A. V., Kjems, E., Reinau, K. H., & Jensen, O. B. (2016) · Cited by 11,522 · see citing works
Human domination of Earth’s ecosystems
Vitousek, P. M., Mooney, H. A., Lubchenco, J., & Melillo, J. M. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.277.5325.494 · Cited by 9,086 · see citing works
The Death and Life of Great American Cities
Row, A. T., & Jacobs, J. M. (1962) · The Yale Law Journal · doi:10.2307/794509 · Cited by 9,085 · see citing works
The Death and Life of Great American Cities
Jacobs, J. (2015) · Wiley eBooks · doi:10.1002/9781119084679.ch4 · Cited by 8,041 · see citing works
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
Sands, P. (1992) · Review of European Community & International Environmental Law · doi:10.1111/j.1467-9388.1992.tb00046.x · Cited by 3,602 · see citing works
Land mosaics: the ecology of landscapes and regions
(1996) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.33-6317 · Cited by 3,086 · see citing works
The Next American Metropolis: Ecology, Community, and the American Dream
Calthorpe, P. (1993) · Cited by 1,828 · see citing works
Is Los Angeles-Style Sprawl Desirable?
Ewing, R. (1997) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944369708975728 · Cited by 1,330 · see citing works
Validation in Inquiry-Guided Research: The Role of Exemplars in Narrative Studies
Mishler, E. G. (1990) · Harvard Educational Review · doi:10.17763/haer.60.4.n4405243p6635752 · Cited by 1,004 · see citing works
Gasoline Consumption and Cities
Newman, P. W. G., & Kenworthy, J. R. (1989) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944368908975398 · Cited by 944 · see citing works
The Transit Metropolis: A Global Inquiry
Cervero, R. (1998) · Cited by 822 · see citing works
Atmosphere, Weather and Climate
Barry, R. G., Chorley, R. J., Barry, R. G., & Chorley, T. L. R. (2004) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203428238 · Cited by 731 · see citing works
Gilbert, O. L. (1989) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-009-0821-5 · Cited by 690 · see citing works
Achieving Sustainable Urban Form
Willams, N. (2001) · Land Use Policy · doi:10.1016/s0264-8377(01)00010-2 · Cited by 577 · see citing works
Lynch, K. (1981) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 568 · see citing works
Methodologies for exploring the link between urban form and travel behavior
Handy, S. (1996) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/s1361-9209(96)00010-7 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
The Compact City: A Sustainable Urban Form
Cairnes, L. B. (1996) · URBAN DESIGN International · doi:10.1057/udi.1996.35 · Cited by 555 · see citing works
Healing gardens : therapeutic benefits and design recommendations
Marcus, C. C., & Barnes, M. (1999) · Cited by 538 · see citing works
Sustainable community development: integrating environmental, economic, and social objectives
Roseland, M. (2000) · Progress in Planning · doi:10.1016/s0305-9006(00)00003-9 · Cited by 537 · see citing works
Niemelä, J. K. (1999) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1023/a:1008817325994 · Cited by 532 · see citing works
Boarnet, M. G., & Crane, R. C. (2001) · Oxford University Press eBooks · doi:10.1093/oso/9780195123951.001.0001 · Cited by 529 · see citing works
Green urbanism: learning from European cities
(2000) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.37-6397 · Cited by 528 · see citing works
Niemelaè, J. (1999) · Cited by 489 · see citing works
Sustainable development and urban form
Breheny, M. J. (1992) · Pion eBooks · Cited by 488 · see citing works
Transit Villages in the 21st Century
Dueker, K., Weitz, J., Bernick, M. S., et al. (1998) · Economic Geography · doi:10.2307/144337 · Cited by 429 · see citing works
Nature, Role and Value of Green Space in Towns and Cities: An Overview
Swanwick, C., Dunnett, N. P., & Woolley, H. (2003) · Built Environment · doi:10.2148/benv.29.2.94.54467 · Cited by 416 · see citing works
Does neighborhood design influence travel?: A behavioral analysis of travel diary and GIS data
Crane, R. C., & Crepeau, R. (1998) · Transportation Research Part D Transport and Environment · doi:10.1016/s1361-9209(98)00001-7 · Cited by 415 · see citing works
Alberti, M., Booth, D. B., Hill, K., et al. (2006) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2006.08.001 · Cited by 397 · see citing works
Environmental Justice and the Sustainable City
Haughton, G. (1999) · Journal of Planning Education and Research · doi:10.1177/0739456x9901800305 · Cited by 382 · see citing works
Roseland, M. (1997) · Cities · doi:10.1016/s0264-2751(97)00003-6 · Cited by 350 · see citing works
Placing nature: culture and landscape ecology
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-4482 · Cited by 342 · see citing works
The ecology of place: planning for environment, economy, and community
(1998) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-5793 · Cited by 340 · see citing works
Effects of gardens on health outcomes : Theory and Research
Ulrich, R. S. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 321 · see citing works
The Limitless City: A Primer on the Urban Sprawl Debate
Gillham, O. (2002) · Cited by 319 · see citing works
Rhodes, F. H. T. (1997) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.278.5344.1726 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Green Urbanism: Learning from European Cities
Cieszewska, A. (2000) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/s0169-2046(00)00074-8 · Cited by 307 · see citing works
Environmental Justice and the Sustainable City
Haughton, G. (2021) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315800462-6 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
TRANSIT-ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT AND JOINT DEVELOPMENT IN THE UNITED STATES: A LITERATURE REVIEW
Cervero, R., Ferrell, C. E., & Murphy, S. (2002) · Cited by 272 · see citing works
Leccese, M., McCormick, K., & Arendt, R. G. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Frey, H. W. (2003) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203362433 · Cited by 267 · see citing works
Land Use and Transportation Interaction
Frank, L. D. (2000) · Journal of Planning Education and Research · doi:10.1177/073945600128992564 · Cited by 260 · see citing works
URBAN ECOLOGY PLANTS AND PLANT COMMUNITIES IN URBAN ENVIRONMENTS
Sukopp, H., & Hejný, S. (1990) · SPB Academic Pub. eBooks · Cited by 251 · see citing works
Girardet, H. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 240 · see citing works
Reviving the city : towards sustainable urban development
Elkin, T., McLaren, D. P., & Hillman, M. (1991) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 220 · see citing works
Robinson, L., Newell, J. P., & Marzluff, J. M. (2004) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2004.02.005 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Planning for Metropolitan Sustainability
Wheeler, S. M. (2000) · Journal of Planning Education and Research · doi:10.1177/0739456x0002000201 · Cited by 203 · see citing works
Designing the City: towards a more sustainable urban form
Williams, K. (2001) · URBAN DESIGN International · doi:10.1057/palgrave.udi.9000045 · Cited by 188 · see citing works
Managing Growth in America's Communities
Porter, D. R. (1997) · Princeton University Press eBooks · doi:10.2307/jj.41379791 · Cited by 186 · see citing works
Bohl, C. C. (2000) · Housing Policy Debate · doi:10.1080/10511482.2000.9521387 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Atmosphere, Weather and Climate
Barry, R. G., Chorley, R. J., Barry, R. G., et al. (2002) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203016206 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
(1964) · The Lancet · doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(64)93056-9 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Mental Health and the Environment
Freeman, H. (1978) · The British Journal of Psychiatry · doi:10.1192/bjp.132.2.113 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Sustainable communities : a new design synthesis for cities, suburbs, and towns
der Ryn, S. V., & Calthorpe, P. (1986) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Ecology and design : frameworks for learning
Johnson, B. R., & Hill, K. E. (2002) · Cited by 147 · see citing works
The Gaia atlas of cities : new directions for sustainable urban living
Girardet, H., & Brown, L. R. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 145 · see citing works
THE LINK BETWEEN GROWTH MANAGEMENT AND HOUSING AFFORDABILITY: THE ACADEMIC EVIDENCE
Nelson, A. C., Pendall, R., Dawkins, C. J., et al. (2002) · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Talen, E., & Ellis, C. (2002) · Journal of Planning Education and Research · doi:10.1177/0739456x0202200104 · Cited by 129 · see citing works
Building the 21st Century Home: The Sustainable Urban Neighbourhood
Rudlin, D., & Falk, N. (1999) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 122 · see citing works
The Contradictions of The Compact City : a Review
Breheny, M. J. (1992) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 117 · see citing works
The Gaia Atlas of Cities: New Directions for Sustainable Urban Living
Rees, D. L. (1993) · Cited by 116 · see citing works
From Eco-Cities to Living Machines: Principles of Ecological Design
Todd, J. H., & Todd, N. J. (1994) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Gibbs, D. C., Longhurst, J., & Braithwaite‡, C. (1998) · Environment and Planning A Economy and Space · doi:10.1068/a301351 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
HOLDING THE LINE: URBAN CONTAINMENT IN THE UNITED STATES
Pendall, R., Martín, J., & Fulton, W. (2002) · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Policies to Control Urban Sprawl: Planning Regulations or Changes in the 'Rules of the Game'?
Razin, E. (1998) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1080/0042098985005 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Towards an eco-city: calming the traffic
Engwicht, D. (1992) · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Urban Containment and Central-City Revitalization
Nelson, A. C., Burby, R. J., Feser, E., Dawkins, C. J., Malizia, E. E., & Quercia, R. G. (2004) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944360408976391 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Taylor, L. R., & Gilbert, O. L. (1990) · Journal of Animal Ecology · doi:10.2307/5043 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Does Neotraditional Development Build Community?
Nasar, J. L. (2003) · Journal of Planning Education and Research · doi:10.1177/0739456x03256224 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Transit villages for the 21st century
Bernick, M. S., & Cervero, R. (1997) · McGraw-Hill eBooks · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Reducing transport emissions through planning
Limited, C. (1993) · HMSO eBooks · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Audirac, I., & Shermyen, A. H. (1994) · Journal of Planning Education and Research · doi:10.1177/0739456x9401300301 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Planning for a sustainable environment
Marshall, R. (1994) · Habitat International · doi:10.1016/0197-3975(94)90011-6 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
L.A. Story: A Reality Check for Transit-Based Housing
Boarnet, M. G., & Crane, R. C. (1997) · Journal of the American Planning Association · doi:10.1080/01944369708975914 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
A knowledge map for describing variegated and conflict domains of sustainable development
Jabareen, Y. R. (2004) · Journal of Environmental Planning and Management · doi:10.1080/0964056042000243267 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationSolving Sprawl: Models of Smart Growth in Communities Across America
Benfield, F. K., Terris, J., & Vorsanger, N. (2001) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 76 · see citing works
Compact or dispersed? dilution is no solution
McLaren, D. P. (1992) · Built Environment · Cited by 75 · see citing works
DESIGNING SUSTAINABLE COMMUNITIES: LEARNING FROM VILLAGE HOMES
Corbett, J., & Corbett, M. (2000) · Cited by 72 · see citing works
Urban Form and Environmental Performance
Newton, P. (2013) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203827925-6 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
A Changing Understanding of the Role of Greenspace in High-density Housing: A European Perspective
Beer, A. R., Delshammar, T., & Schildwacht, P. M. (2003) · Built Environment · doi:10.2148/benv.29.2.132.54468 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Eco-city dimensions : healthy communities, healthy planet
Roseland, M. (1997) · New Society Publishers eBooks · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Tjallingii, S. P. (2000) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/s0169-2046(00)00035-9 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Edwards, B., & Turrent, D. (2002) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203478431 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Common place: toward neighborhood and regional design
(1997) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.35-1314 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Achieving the Compact City through Intensification: An Acceptable Option?
Burton, E., Jenks, M., & Williams, K. (2003) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203362372-15 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Ewing, R., DeAnna, M., Heflin, C. C., et al. (2020) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781351179348 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The Cornerstone of Development: Integrating Environmental, Social, and Economic Policies
Schnurr, J., & Holtz, S. (1998) · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Neo-traditional neighborhood design and its implications for traffic engineering
Lerner-Lam, E., Celniker, S., Halbert, G., et al. (1991) · ITE journal · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Forbes, S., & Kendle, T. (2013) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203857021 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Achieving Sustainable Accessibility: An Evaluation of Policy Measures in the Amsterdam Area
le Clercq, F., & Bertolini, L. (2003) · Built Environment · doi:10.2148/benv.29.1.36.53949 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Designing Sustainable Communities, Learning From Village Homes
Condon, P. M. (2000) · Landscape and Urban Planning · doi:10.1016/s0169-2046(00)00075-x · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Community design and the culture of cities: the crossroad and the wall
(1991) · Choice Reviews Online · doi:10.5860/choice.28-4319 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
The Living City: Towards a Sustainable Future
Jones, E., Cadman, D., & Payne, G. K. (1991) · Geographical Journal · doi:10.2307/635300 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Barrett, G. (2010) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203362372_the_transport_dimension · Cited by 40 · see citing works
TRAVEL IMPACTS OF URBAN FORM: IMPLICATIONS FROM AN ANALYSIS OF TWO SEATTLE AREA TRAVEL DIARIES
Rutherford, G. S., McCormack, E. D., & Wilkinson, M. G. (1997) · Cited by 39 · see citing works
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992)
White, J. C., Petry, W. H., & Wagner, W. R. (1996) · Cited by 37 · see citing works
BALANCED GROWTH: A PLANNING GUIDE FOR LOCAL GOVERNMENT
DeGrove, J. M. (1991) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Hillman, M. (2010) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203362372_in_favour_of_the_compact_city · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Ewing, R., DeAnna, M., Heflin, C. C., et al. (2019) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781003022978 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
A TOOLBOX FOR ALLEVIATING TRAFFIC CONGESTION
Meyer, M. D., Humphrey, T. F., Walton, C. M., et al. (1989) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Williams, R. H. (1994) · Habitat International · doi:10.1016/0197-3975(94)90027-2 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
Managing Growth in a Climate of Urban Diversity
Turner, R. S., & Murray, M. S. (2001) · Journal of Planning Education and Research · doi:10.1177/0739456x0102000304 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
The Search for a Sustainable Urban Form
Welbank, M. (2010) · Taylor & Francis eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203362372_the_search_for_a_sustainable_urban · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Green Building Handbook: Volume 1
Woolley, T., Kimmins, S., Harrison, R. W., et al. (2002) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9780203477403 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Backcast Analysis for Realizing Sustainable Urban Form in Nagoya
Tomita, Y., Terashima, D., Hammad, A., et al. (2003) · Built Environment · doi:10.2148/benv.29.1.16.53945 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Intelligent Transportation Systems and Sustainable Communities: Findings of a National Study
Jordan, D. R., & Horan, T. A. (1997) · Transportation Research Record Journal of the Transportation Research Board · doi:10.3141/1588-09 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Coping with Complexity in America's Urban Transport Sector
Cervero, R. (2003) · Econstor (Econstor) · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Clark, M., Bura.il, P., & Roberts, P. B. (2013) · CLOK (University of Central Lancashire) · doi:10.4324/9781315070315-14 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Greening the city : a guide to good practice
Consulting, G., & Monro, T. C. K. W. (1996) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Sherlock, H. (1990) · OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique) · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Kozłowski, M. (2019) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/b22317-4 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Environmentally Friendly Cities
Maldonado, E. (2014) · Routledge eBooks · doi:10.4324/9781315073712 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Dagang, D. A. (1995) · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Sutro, S. (1990) · Medical Entomology and Zoology · Cited by 8 · see citing works
From Urban Consolidation to Urban Villages
Kenworthy, J. R. (1991) · Urban Policy and Research · doi:10.1080/08111149108551465 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Smart sustainable cities of the future: An extensive interdisciplinary literature review
Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2017) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2017.02.016 · Cited by 1,599 · see citing works
Building a Conceptual Framework: Philosophy, Definitions, and Procedure
Jabareen, Y. (2009) · International Journal of Qualitative Methods · doi:10.1177/160940690900800406 · Cited by 1,559 · see citing works
Self-citationHaaland, C., & van den Bosch, C. K. (2015) · Urban Forestry & Urban Greening · doi:10.1016/j.ufug.2015.07.009 · Cited by 1,585 · see citing works
Bibri, S. E. (2018) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2017.12.034 · Cited by 799 · see citing works
Bibri, S. E., Alexandre, A., Sharifi, A., & Krogstie, J. (2023) · Energy Informatics · doi:10.1186/s42162-023-00259-2 · Cited by 299 · see citing works
Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2017) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2016.11.004 · Cited by 296 · see citing works
Bibri, S. E. (2019) · Journal of Big Data · doi:10.1186/s40537-019-0182-7 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
Bibri, S. E. (2018) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2017.12.032 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2017) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2017.04.012 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Designing a Liveable Compact City: Physical Forms of City and Social Life in Urban Neighbourhoods
Raman, S. (2010) · Built Environment · doi:10.2148/benv.36.1.63 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Yigitcanlar, T., Kamruzzaman, M., & Teriman, S. (2015) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su7032570 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Bibri, S. E., & Krogstie, J. (2020) · Urban Science · doi:10.3390/urbansci4010011 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Kärrholm, M. (2011) · European Planning Studies · doi:10.1080/09654313.2011.530394 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
A scenario-based approach for assessing the energy performance of urban development pathways
Silva, M., Leal, V., Oliveira, V., & Horta, I. M. (2018) · Sustainable Cities and Society · doi:10.1016/j.scs.2018.01.028 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Pitarch-Garrido, M.-D. (2018) · Sustainability · doi:10.3390/su10020371 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
The heterogeneous impacts of widespread upzoning: Lessons from Auckland, New Zealand
Cheung, K. S., Monkkonen, P., & Yiu, C. Y. (2024) · Urban Studies · doi:10.1177/00420980231190281 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
- Authors
- Jabareen, Y. R.
- Affiliations
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology (US)
- Corresponding author
- Jabareen, Yosef Rafeq
- Venue
- Journal of Planning Education and Research
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2006-09
- Volume
- 26
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 38-52
- ISSN
- 0739-456X (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6577
- OpenAlex
- W2010817934
- Cited by
- 1,215
- References
- 116
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 66 · 2024: 81 · 2023: 63 · 2022: 75 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 91 · 2019: 128 · 2018: 147 · 2017: 67 · 2016: 49 · 2015: 56 · 2014: 48 · 2013: 46 · 2012: 44
- FWCI
- 31.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Planning Education and Research (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Urban Design and Spatial Analysis
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law › Urban Planning and Landscape Design
- Social Sciences › Urban Studies › Urban Development and Cultural Heritage
- Keywords
- sustainable urban form, urban design concept, compact city, compactness, sustainable transport, urban density, mixed land use, urban diversity, passive solar design, urban greening, urban containment, sustainable cities
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review