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Evaluation of Scale Reliability for Unidimensional Measures Using Latent Variable Modeling
Abstract
This article outlines a readily and widely applicable procedure of reliability evaluation for scales with unidimensional measures. The method is developed within the framework of the popular latent variable modeling methodology, and it accomplishes point, as well as interval, estimation of measuring instrument reliability. The approach can be employed with scale components that are multinormal or, alternatively, follow a range of nonnormal distributions. In addition, the procedure can be utilized with missing data. The proposed method is illustrated with an empirical example.
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“Especially when items are dichotomous, coefficient alpha can underestimate the reliability of the scale (Raykov et al., 2010).”
From Narcissistic Leaders and Their Victims: Followers Low on Self-Esteem and Low on Core Self-Evaluations Suffer Most (2018) · cites this paper as Raykov et al., 2010
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Metadata
- Authors
- Raykov, T.
- Affiliations
- Michigan State University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Raykov, Tenko
- ORCID
- Raykov, Tenko
- Venue
- Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2009-10
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 223-232
- ISSN
- 0748-1756 (ISSN-L)
- 1947-6302
- OpenAlex
- W2018556571
- Cited by
- 212
- References
- 18
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 27 · 2020: 20 · 2019: 8 · 2018: 15 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 21 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 14 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 10
- FWCI
- 7.69
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Reliability and Agreement in Measurement
- Physical Sciences › Mathematics › Statistics and Probability › Statistical Methods and Bayesian Inference
- Keywords
- scale reliability, latent variable models, reliability estimation, interval estimation, non-normal distributions, missing data, measurement instruments
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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