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Barriers to Men’s Help Seeking for Intimate Partner Violence
Open accessAbstract
Evidence suggests that male victims of intimate partner violence (IPV) are less likely to seek help for their victimization than female victims. Studies exploring barriers to help seeking are relatively scarce in the United Kingdom (UK) and those that have been undertaken across Europe, United States, Canada, and Australia have tended to rely on small samples of help-seeking men who have self-identified as victims of IPV. With a view to include more male victim voices in the literature, an anonymous qualitative questionnaire was distributed via social media. In total, 147 men (85% from the UK) who self-identified as being subject to abuse from their female partners, completed the questionnaire. The data was subjected to a deductive thematic analysis and one superordinate and two overarching themes were identified. The superordinate theme was stigmatized gender and the two overarching themes (subthemes in parentheses) were barriers prohibiting help seeking (status and credibility, health and well-being) and responses to initial help seeking (discreditation, exclusion/isolation, and helpfulness). The findings are discussed in the context of Overstreet and Quinn’s (2013) interpersonal violence and stigma model and findings from previous research. The conclusions and recommendations promote education and training and advocate a radical change to policy.
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“Male victims are less likely to seek help for their victimization than female victims (female 81%, male 57%).”
From Help‐seeking behavior of male victims of intimate partner violence in Japan (2024) · cites this paper as [14]
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“There is no empirical consensus regarding IPV experience prevalence among men, variation in the type of IPV experiences, nor in any differences or unique needs resulting from these experiences (Scott-Storey et al., 2023; Taylor et al., 2022).”
From Experiences and Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence Against Men in Northern Ireland: Qualitative Findings from the Male Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Study (2026) · cites this paper as Taylor et al., 2022
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“Under-reporting also affects these rates, as many men who have experienced IPV are unaware their experiences meet the definition of abuse (Bates, 2020a, 2020b; Taylor et al., 2022).”
From Experiences and Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence Against Men in Northern Ireland: Qualitative Findings from the Male Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Study (2026) · cites this paper as Taylor et al., 2022
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
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“To date, IPV against cisgender women and its impacts have been widely researched, but the experiences of men remain understudied (Scott-Storey et al., 2023; Taylor et al., 2022).”
From Experiences and Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence Against Men in Northern Ireland: Qualitative Findings from the Male Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Study (2026) · cites this paper as Taylor et al., 2022
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
In the citing paper
“Men are more likely to either not report due to psychosocial and cultural influences, or to not recognise their experiences as IPV (Bates, 2020b; Taylor et al., 2022).”
From Experiences and Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence Against Men in Northern Ireland: Qualitative Findings from the Male Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Study (2026) · cites this paper as Taylor et al., 2022
The cited source says what the claim attributes to it.
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“They may fail to report due to self and societal stigma, retaliation concerns, and fear of not being believed (Walker et al., 2020; Bates, 2020a; Taylor et al., 2022).”
From Experiences and Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence Against Men in Northern Ireland: Qualitative Findings from the Male Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Study (2026) · cites this paper as Taylor et al., 2022
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“Lack of disclosure in men can be driven by the fear that their experiences would be minimised/ignored/not believed, or they themselves would be accused of perpetrating abuse (Walker et al., 2020; Bates, 2020a; Taylor et al., 2022).”
From Experiences and Impacts of Intimate Partner Violence Against Men in Northern Ireland: Qualitative Findings from the Male Experiences of Intimate Partner Violence Study (2026) · cites this paper as Taylor et al., 2022
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Citations
Cites
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“The main objective of this final step was to ensure that that the final themes represented the lived experiences of the men in the sample and were contextually meaningful (Braun & Clarke, 2006, 2012; Carpenter & Suto, 2008; Guest et al., 2012).”
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“This line of inquiry has also confirmed that men can be the victims and women the perpetrators of IPV (Archer, 2000; Breiding, 2014; Desmarais et al., 2012; Dutton et al., 2005).”
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“A thematic map was produced to ensure that the codes (extracted data) and the entire data set were represented by the themes and subthemes (Braun & Clarke, 2006; Maguire & Delahunt, 2017).”
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Cited by
Sorted by citations
Culture, trauma, and memory in investigative interviews
Vredeveldt, A., Given‐Wilson, Z., & Memon, A. (2023) · Psychology Crime and Law · doi:10.1080/1068316x.2023.2209262 · Cited by 35
“Of course, shame and stigma may also explain why men in Western cultures are less likely to report being victims of intimate partner violence (Taylor et al., 2022).”
McLeod, D. A., Ozturk, B., Butler-King, R. L., & Peek, H. (2023) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380231177318 · Cited by 21
“Participants said their friends and family would be shocked and surprised, and some reported expectations that family and friends would not believe them or would downplay the seriousness of the abuse (Taylor et al., 2022; Walker et al., 2020).”
BackgroundInfluentialKim, E. Y. Y., Nelson, L. E., Pereira, T. L., & Shorey, S. (2023) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380231209435 · Cited by 29
“The attitudes collectively contribute to the trivialization of victimized men, thereby exacerbating their plight (Bates et al., 2019b; Gerber, 1991; Taylor et al., 2022).”
BackgroundInfluentialStein, C., Flor, L. S., Gil, G., Khalil, M., Herbert, M. E., Aravkin, A. Y., Arrieta, A., Baeza, M. J., Bustreo, F., Cagney, J., et al. (2025) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-025-02144-2 · Cited by 23
Walklate, S., Fitz‐Gibbon, K., Reeves, E., Meyer, S., & McGowan, J. (2022) · Journal of Criminology · doi:10.1177/26338076221127452 · Cited by 18
“Dominant narratives on masculinity can do a disservice to those men who do not fit within it (see also Taylor et al., 2021) and the consequences of this can carry life-changing impacts in terms of mental health problems and risk of suicide (Scourfield and Evans, 2015).”
Background
Metadata
- Authors
- Taylor, J. C., Bates, E. A., Colosi, A., & Creer, A. J.
- Affiliations
- University of Cumbria (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Taylor, Julie C.
- Venue
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2021-08-25
- Volume
- 37
- Issue
- 19-20
- Pages
- NP18417-NP18444
- ISSN
- 0886-2605 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-6518
- PMC
- PMC9554285
- OpenAlex
- W3194102121
- Cited by
- 129
- References
- 96
- Citations by year
- 2026: 30 · 2025: 37 · 2024: 27 · 2023: 27 · 2022: 8
- FWCI
- 8.56
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Journal of Interpersonal Violence (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Insight (University of Cumbria) (acceptedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Health › Intimate Partner and Family Violence
- Social Sciences › Gender Studies › Sexual Assault and Victimization Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Geriatrics and Gerontology › Elder Abuse and Neglect
- Keywords
- intimate partner violence, male victims, help-seeking, help-seeking barriers, gender stigma, victim isolation, health and well-being, gender-based violence, United Kingdom
- MeSH terms
- Intimate Partner Violence, Female, Humans, Male, Men, Surveys and Questionnaires, United States, Violence, Crime Victims
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