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What Constitutes an Episode in Episodic Memory?
Open accessAbstract
The idea of episodic memory implies the existence of a process that segments experience into episodes so that they can be stored in memory. It is therefore surprising that the link between event segmentation and the organization of experiences into episodes in memory has not been addressed. We found that after participants read narratives containing temporal event boundaries at varying locations in the narrative, their long-term associative memory for information across event boundaries was lower than their memory for information within an event. This suggests that event segmentation during encoding resulted in segmentation of those same events in memory. Further, functional imaging data revealed that, across participants, brain activity consistent with the ongoing integration of information within events correlated with this pattern of mnemonic segmentation. These data are the first to address the mechanisms that support the organization of experiences into episodes in long-term memory.
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“Previous work has shown that hand-labeled event boundaries are associated with univariate activity increases in a network of regions overlapping our high-level areas (Ezzyat & Davachi, 2011; Speer, Zacks, & Reynolds, 2007; Swallow et al., 2011; Whitney et al., 2009; Zacks, Braver, et al., 2001; Zacks, Speer, Swallow, & Maley, 2010)”
From Discovering Event Structure in Continuous Narrative Perception and Memory (2017) · cites this paper as Ezzyat & Davachi, 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“These events form the backbone of long-term memory and are encoded with rich temporal and semantic information (Baldassano et al., 2017; Ezzyat and Davachi, 2011).”
From Memory Matters More: Event-Centric Memory as a Logic Map for Agent Searching and Reasoning (2026) · cites this paper as Ezzyat and Davachi, 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“when a salient change occurs, such as a shift in scene, action goals, or environmental state, an event boundary is triggered, prompting the construction of a new event representation model.”
From Memory Matters More: Event-Centric Memory as a Logic Map for Agent Searching and Reasoning (2026) · cites this paper as Ezzyat and Davachi, 2011
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredThe source backs part of the claim, not all of it — or backs it for a different population, condition or comparison.
In the citing paper
“According to this theory, when perceiving a dynamic environment, humans do not process information as an undifferentiated continuous flow. Instead, experience is automatically segmented into a sequence of relatively stable event episodes.”
From Memory Matters More: Event-Centric Memory as a Logic Map for Agent Searching and Reasoning (2026) · cites this paper as Ezzyat and Davachi, 2011
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“Behavioral experiments and mathematical models have argued that long-term memory reflects event structure during encoding (Ezzyat & Davachi, 2011; Gershman, Radulescu, Norman, & Niv, 2014; Sargent et al., 2013; Zacks, Tversky, et al., 2001)”
From Discovering Event Structure in Continuous Narrative Perception and Memory (2017) · cites this paper as Ezzyat & Davachi, 2011
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“Behavioral experiments have shown that long-term memory reflects event structure during encoding (Ezzyat & Davachi, 2011; Sargent et al., 2013; Zacks, Tversky, et al., 2001).”
From Discovering Event Structure in Continuous Narrative Perception and Memory (2017) · cites this paper as Ezzyat & Davachi, 2011
In the citing paper
“Event boundaries can exert a sharp disruptive effect on memory, such that accessing information across a boundary is impaired even when controlling for the time elapsed [27–29].”
From Does mental context drift or shift? (2017) · cites this paper as [28]
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Discovering Event Structure in Continuous Narrative Perception and Memory
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Metadata
- Authors
- Ezzyat, Y., & Davachi, L.
- Affiliations
- Department of Psychology
- New York University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Davachi, Lila
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-12-22
- Volume
- 22
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 243-252
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- PMC
- PMC4451827
- OpenAlex
- W2159450018
- Cited by
- 298
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 22 · 2025: 25 · 2024: 40 · 2023: 23 · 2022: 22 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 25 · 2019: 18 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 22 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 17 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 3.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Mental Health (MH074692, R01MH074692)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Functions and Memory
- Keywords
- episodic memory, event segmentation, memory encoding, narrative memory, memory organization, event integration, individual differences in memory
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Association, Brain, Brain Mapping, Cognition, Cues, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Memory, Reading, Mental Recall, Young Adult
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