Automatic Prioritization of Self-Referential Stimuli in Working Memory
Open accessAbstract
People preferentially attend to external stimuli that are related to themselves compared with others. Whether a similar self-reference bias applies to internal representations, such as those maintained in working memory (WM), is presently unknown. We tested this possibility in four experiments, in which participants were first trained to associate social labels (self, friend, stranger) with arbitrary colors and then performed a delayed match-to-sample spatial WM task on color locations. Participants consistently responded fastest to WM probes at locations of self-associated colors (Experiments 1-4). This self-bias was driven not by differential exogenous attention during encoding or retrieval (Experiments 1 and 2) but by internal attentional prioritization of self-related representations during WM maintenance (Experiment 3). Moreover, self-prioritization in WM was nonstrategic, as this bias persisted even under conditions in which it hurt WM performance. These findings document an automatic prioritization of self-referential items in WM, which may form the basis of some egocentric biases in decision making.
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Generally, there is a tendency for self-related thoughts to take priority in working memory.
“Generally, there is a tendency for self-related thoughts to take priority in working memory (Yin et al., 2019).”
From Being able to think when caught in the maelstrom - how adolescents used mindfulness when facing exams. (2024) · cites this paper as Yin et al., 2019
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Self-citation
- Authors
- Yin, S., Sui, J., Chiu, Y.-C., Chen, A., & Egner, T.
- Affiliations
- Southwest University (CN)
- University of Bath (GB)
- Duke University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Chen, Antao
- Venue
- Psychological Science
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2019-01-17
- Volume
- 30
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 415-423
- ISSN
- 0956-7976 (ISSN-L)
- 1467-9280
- OpenAlex
- W2904073334
- Cited by
- 77
- References
- 31
- Citations by year
- 2026: 11 · 2025: 7 · 2024: 16 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 3
- FWCI
- 4.81
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Locations
- Psychological Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Pure (University of Bath) (publishedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771254, 61431013)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (SWU1609106, SWU1709107)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Cognitive Abilities and Testing
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Memory Processes and Influences
- Keywords
- working memory, attentional prioritization, internal representations, social labels, delayed matching-to-sample, egocentric bias
- MeSH terms
- Attentional Bias, Adolescent, Attention, Body Image, China, Color Perception, Ego, Female, Humans, Male, Memory, Short-Term, Students, Bias, Young Adult, Spatial Memory
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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