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Cited by 229Music Therapy and HealthDiverse Music Education InsightsPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

Music practice and participation for psychological well-being: a review of how music influences positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment

Open access
Croom, Adam M·2015·Musicae Scientiae
DOI 10.1177/1029864914561709
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Abstract

In “Flourish,” Martin Seligman maintained that the elements of well-being consist of “PERMA: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.” Although the question of what constitutes human flourishing or psychological well-being has remained a topic of continued debate among scholars, it has recently been argued in the literature that a paradigmatic or prototypical case of human psychological well-being would largely manifest most or all of the aforementioned PERMA factors. Further, in “A Neuroscientific Perspective on Music Therapy,” Stefan Koelsch also suggested that “Music therapy can have effects that improve the psychological and physiological health of individuals,” so it seems plausible that engaging in practices of music can positively contribute to one living a more optimally flourishing life with greater psychological well-being. However, recent studies on music practice and participation have not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology to further explore and explicate this possibility. This article therefore contributes to extant work by reviewing recent research on psychological well-being and music to offer support for the claim that music practice and participation can positively contribute to one living a flourishing life by positively influencing their emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.

AI snapshot

Written from the paper’s full text.

TL;DR

This narrative review integrates recent music and positive psychology research under Seligman’s PERMA framework, arguing that music practice and participation can positively influence positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment. It concludes there are empirically supported grounds that music can contribute to greater psychological well-being and a more flourishing life, with moderation and injury-prevention cautions.

Key findings

  • The review argues that music practice and participation can positively influence all five PERMA factors: positive emotion, engagement/flow, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.
  • Reviewed studies cited include: music listening reduced anxiety by 18% in cosmetic-surgery patients (n = 14; DeMarco et al., 2012); uplifting music exercises produced greater increases in happiness over time than control (n = 772; Sergeant & Mongrain, 2011); musical family rituals were consistently related to family cohesion across cultures (n = 760; Boer & Abubakar, 2014); children in musical group interaction showed higher emotional empathy than controls (n = 23; Rabinowitch et al., 2013).
  • Cautionary evidence: a British Association for Performing Arts Medicine study of musicians (n = 1,046) found 52% had problems from technical faults or inappropriate practicing procedures; music-related issues include performance anxiety, poor posture, and instrument-specific pain.

Methods

  • Design: narrative review of recent literature on music practice/participation and psychological well-being, organized by the PERMA framework.
  • Data/sample: no primary sample; synthesizes prior empirical studies and theoretical/philosophical sources, including studies with sample sizes such as n = 14, n = 772, n = 760, n = 23, and n = 1,046.
  • Analysis: conceptual integration under Seligman’s PERMA model; no systematic search, meta-analysis, or new data collection is reported.

Limitations

  • The paper states that not just any kind or amount of music practice/participation is optimal; it can be carried out incorrectly or excessively, with risks including performance anxiety, injuries from poor technique/posture/conditioning, and instrument-specific problems.
  • Evident from the text: as a narrative review, it does not report systematic search criteria, inclusion/exclusion criteria, quality appraisal, or meta-analytic synthesis; conclusions rely on selected prior studies.
  • Evident from the text: no primary data are collected, so causal claims depend on the designs of the reviewed studies.

Model-written summary. Check it against the paper before relying on it.

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/1029864914561709

Cites

122 of 122 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Nothing to recompute.

Claims the paper makes

0 of 142 cited sources checked · 0 supported · 0 flagged

  • Premisecitation

    Engagement or flow experience constitutes an important element of psychological well-being.

    “Thus engagement or flow experience has been considered by scholars to constitute an important element of psychological well-being”
    • Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and engagement · boosted
      “It is clearly evident then that several studies have recently suggested that engagement or flow experience constitute an important element to psychological well-being.”
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    • cites Seligman, 2011

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    • cites Rich, 2013

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    • cites Nakamura & Csikszentmihalyi, 2002

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  • Premisecitation

    Positive emotions constitute an important element of psychological well-being.

    “Positive emotions have been considered by scholars to constitute an important element of psychological well-being”
    • Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and positive emotion · boosted
      “It is clearly evident then that several studies have recently suggested that positive emotions constitute an important element to psychological well-being.”
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    • cites Fredrickson, 2006

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    • cites Berridge & Kringelbach, 2011

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    • cites Vallerand, 2012

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  • Premisecitation

    Engagement or flow can contribute to psychological well-being.

    “since engagement or flow can contribute to psychological well-being (see also Carli et al., 1988;”
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    • cites Carli et al., 1988

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    • cites Croom, 2012b

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    • cites Csikszentmihalyi, 1975

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  • Interpretationcitation

    Music practice and participation can contribute to engagement or flow experience.

    “And several studies have in fact suggested that music practice and participation can contribute to engagement or flow experience.”
    • Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and engagement · plain
      “since music practice and participation can contribute to engagement or flow experience”
    • Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and engagement · hedged
      “several studies have indeed suggested that music practice and participation can contribute to engagement or flow experience”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 5 sources checked
    • cites Pates et al., 2003

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    • cites Hymer, 1984

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    • cites Bakker, 2005

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    • cites De Manzano et al., 2010

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    • cites Dietrich, 2004

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  • Premisecitation

    Lack of attachments is linked to a variety of ill effects on health, adjustment, and well-being.

    “lack of attachments is linked to a variety of ill effects on health, adjustment, and well-being”
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    • cites Baumeister and Leary (1995)

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  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. 57
  • The quote only partly states this claim. 1
  • May combine two claims. 36

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    Premisecitation

    Music therapy can have effects that improve the psychological and physiological health of individuals.

    “Stefan Koelsch also suggested that “Music therapy can have effects that improve the psychological and physiological health of individuals,””
    • Also stated in: § Abstract · plain
      “Koelsch (2009) further proposed that “Music therapy can have effects that improve the psychological and physiological health of individuals” (p.374)”
    • Also stated in: § Conclusion · hedged
      “Koelsch (2009) had also suggested that”
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    • cites Koelsch, 2009

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    Interpretationcitation

    A sufficient amount of musical skill must first be acquired through a substantive (though not excessive) amount of deliberate musical practice for a highly practiced musical skill to be represented in the implicit system and implemented without interference from the explicit system during flow experience.

    “a sufficient amount of musical skill must first be acquired by that musical agent through a substantive (though not excessive) amount of deliberate musical practice”
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    • cites Dietrich, 2004

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    • cites Ericsson et al., 1993

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    Premisecitation

    From an evolutionary point of view, flow has a high adaptive value.

    “From an evolutionary point of view, flow has a high adaptive value.(p.133)”
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    • cites Schuler (2012)

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    Premisecitation

    Experiencing flow encourages a person to persist in and return to an activity because of the experiential rewards it premises, and thereby fosters the growth of skills over time.

    “Nakamura and Csikszentmihalyi (2009) have similarly suggested that “experiencing flow encourages a person to persist in and return to an activity because of the experiential rewards it premises, and thereby fosters the growth of skills over time””
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    Premisecitation

    Social skills that enhance cooperation and underpin positive relationships appear to be especially important for resilience and wellbeing.

    “social skills that enhance cooperation and underpin positive relationships appear to be especially important for resilience and wellbeing”
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    • cites Noble and McGrath (2012)

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    Premisecitation

    The need to belong is a powerful, fundamental, and extremely pervasive motivation.

    “existing evidence supports the hypothesis that the need to belong is a powerful, fundamental, and extremely pervasive motivation”
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    • cites Baumeister and Leary (1995)

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    Premisecitation

    Flow experiences involve a state of transient hypofrontality that enables the temporary suppression of the analytical and meta-conscious capacities of the explicit system.

    “Dietrich (2004) then proposed that flow experiences involve “a state of transient hypofrontality that enables the temporary suppression of the analytical and meta-conscious capacities of the explicit system””
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    • cites Dietrich, 2004

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    Premisecitation

    Increased flow is related to decreased heart period and respiratory sinus arrhythmia, increased LF/HF ratio, total power, and respiratory depth.

    “flow measures show increased flow to be related to decreased HP [heart period] and RSA [respiratory sinus arrhythmia], increased LF/HF ratio, total power, and RD [respiratory depth]”
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    • cites De Manzano et al. (2010)

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    Premisecitation

    Positive relationships constitute an important element of psychological well-being.

    “positive relationships have been considered by scholars to constitute an important element of psychological well-being”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Seligman, 2010

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    • cites Seligman, 2011

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    Premisecitation

    Psychological well-being (flourishing) consists of positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment (PERMA).

    “In “Flourish,” Martin Seligman maintained that the elements of well-being consist of “PERMA: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.””
    • Also stated in: § Flourishing with music and engagement · plain
      “Given that psychological well-being is considered to consist of positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment, the second element of well-being to be examined here is engagement or flow experience”
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    • cites Seligman, 2010

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    • cites Seligman, 2011

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    Premisecitation

    Flow experiences enhance the quality of life, add to the complexity of the developing self, and facilitate talent development in youth.

    “Strati et al. (2011) have accordingly proposed that “flow experiences thereby enhance the quality of life, add to the complexity of the developing self, and facilitate talent development in youth””
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    Interpretationreasoning

    Music practice and participation can positively contribute to one living a flourishing life with greater psychological well-being by positively influencing emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.

    “This article therefore contributes to extant work by reviewing recent research on psychological well-being and music to offer support for the claim that music practice and participation can positively contribute to one living a flourishing life by positively influencing their emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim
    • The authors state this as an assumption: Recent studies on music practice and participation have not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    A paradigmatic or prototypical case of human psychological well-being would largely manifest most or all of the PERMA factors.

    “it has recently been argued in the literature that a paradigmatic or prototypical case of human psychological well-being would largely manifest most or all of the aforementioned PERMA factors.”
    • Also stated in: § Abstract · hedged
      “it has recently been argued in the literature that a paradigmatic or prototypical case of human psychological well-being would largely manifest most or all of the five factors of positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Rashid et al., 2014

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    • cites Noble & McGrath, 2014

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    Premisecitation

    Flow experience arises through an interaction between positive affect and high attention.

    “flow experience “arises through an interaction between positive affect and high attention””
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    • cites De Manzano et al. (2010)

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    Premisecitation

    During a physically and cognitively demanding task, increased activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system in combination with deep breathing and activation of the zygomaticus major might potentially be used as an indicator of effortless attention and flow.

    “suggests that during a physically and cognitively demanding task, an increased activation of the sympathetic branch of the autonomic nervous system in combination with deep breathing and activation of the ZM [zygomaticus major] might potentially be used as an indicator of effortless attention and flow”
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    Premisecitation

    Such stories depict actions and decisions as following from important, stable values and contributing to the fulfillment of one or more crucial goals.

    “such stories depict[ing] actions and decisions as following from important, stable values and contributing to the fulfillment of one or more crucial goals”
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    • cites Crescioni and Baumeister (2013)

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    Premisecitation

    Music contributes to positive ageing by providing ways for people to maintain positive self-esteem, feel competent, independent, and avoid feelings of isolation or loneliness.

    “contributes to positive ageing by providing ways for people to maintain positive self-esteem, feel competent, independent, and avoid feelings of isolation or loneliness”
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    • cites Hays and Minichiello (2005)

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    Premisecitation

    People listen to music to regulate arousal and mood, to achieve self-awareness, and as an expression of social relatedness.

    “people listen to music to regulate arousal and mood, to achieve self-awareness, and as an expression of social relatedness”
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    • cites Schäfer, Sedlmeier, Stadtler, and Huron (2013)

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    Premisecitation

    The relationship between life satisfaction and religiosity may well be mediated by meaningfulness.

    “the relationship between life satisfaction and religiosity may well be mediated by meaningfulness”
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    Premisecitation

    Most people report that they are more likely to feel their lives are meaningful than not.

    “not only do most people report that they are more likely to feel their lives are meaningful than not”
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    Premisecitation

    Being with like-minded people was an important aspect of the music festival experience.

    “being with like-minded people was an important aspect of the music festival experience”
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    • cites Packer and Ballantyne (2011)

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    Premisecitation

    Across cultures, music listening in families and in peer groups contributes to family and peer cohesion, respectively.

    “across cultures music listening in families and in peer groups contributes to family and peer cohesion, respectively”
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    • cites Boer and Abubakar (2014)

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    Premisecitation

    The main reasons for enjoying rock dancing, besides body movement and involvement with the music, were involvement with the partner and a feeling of togetherness.

    “the main reasons for enjoying rock dancing, besides body movement and involvement with the music, were involvement with the partner and a feeling of togetherness”
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    Premisecitation

    Engagement in these functions fulfills basic human needs and is of vital importance for the individual.

    “engagement in these functions fulfills basic human needs and is of vital importance for the individual”
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    • cites Koelsch (2013)

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    Premisecitation

    In humans, at least, the social pleasures are often as pleasurable as the basic sensory pleasures.

    “in humans, at least, the social pleasures are often as pleasurable as the basic sensory pleasures”
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    Premisecitation

    The music experience provides the common ground on which both the social experience and the festival experience are built, and facilitates a sense of connection among participants.

    “the music experience provides the common ground on which both the social experience and the festival experience are built, and facilitates a sense of connection among participants”
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    • cites Ballantyne, Ballantyne, and Packer (2014)

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    Premisecitation

    Having meaning or purpose in life constitutes an important element of psychological well-being.

    “having meaning or purpose in life has been considered by scholars to constitute an important element of psychological well-being”
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    • cites Seligman, 2010

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    • cites Seligman, 2011

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    Premisecitation

    Children participating in musical group interaction showed higher emotional empathy scores after the study compared to its beginning, and higher scores than control children at the end of the study.

    “showed higher emotional empathy scores after the study compared to its beginning, and higher scores than control children at the end of the study”
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    Premisecitation

    We often experience positive feelings in interactions with friends that boost our resilience, confidence and a positive sense of self.

    “we often experience positive feelings in interactions with friends that boost our resilience, confidence and a positive sense of self”
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    Experiencing life as meaningful seems to be a major component of human well-being, and a major source of motivation for human action.

    “experiencing life as meaningful seems to be a major component of human well-being, and a major source of motivation for human action”
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    • cites De Muijnck (2013)

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    Premisecitation

    When playing music in a group, individuals have contact with other individuals, engage in social cognition, participate in co-pathy, communicate, coordinate their actions, and cooperate with each other, leading to increased social cohesion.

    “when playing music in a group, individuals have contact with other individuals, engage in social cognition, participate in co-pathy (the social function of empathy), communicate, coordinate their actions, and cooperate with each other, leading to increased social cohesion”
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    • cites Koelsch (2013)

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    Premisecitation

    Faith and life purpose contribute to the development of well-being and may be important characteristics to foster in order to enhance one's personal sense of well-being.

    “faith and life purpose contribute to the development of well-being and may be important characteristics to foster in order to enhance one's personal sense of well-being”
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    When individuals talk of finding meaning in their lives, they seek to interpret their own actions and experiences in terms of an existentially meaningful life story.

    “when individuals talk of finding meaning in their lives … they seek to interpret their own actions and experiences in terms of an existentially meaningful life story”
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    The ability of music to increase social cohesion and strengthen interindividual attachments was probably an important function of music in human evolution.

    “the ability of music to increase social cohesion and strengthen interindividual attachments was probably an important function of music in human evolution”
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    The social facet of the music festival experience emerged very strongly from the focus group discussion as an integral part of the experience.

    “the social facet of the music festival experience emerged very strongly from the focus group discussion as an integral part of the experience”
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    The impact of faith on well-being can be explained by life purpose.

    “the impact of faith on well-being can be explained by life purpose”
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    Life purpose completely mediated the relationship between faith and well-being.

    “life purpose completely mediated the relationship between faith and well-being”
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    Premisecitation

    Both purpose in life and reasons for living had inverse effects on depression, the higher the purpose in life and reasons for living, the lower the depression, and the lower the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation/behavior.

    “both purpose in life and reasons for living had inverse effects on depression, the higher the purpose in life and reasons for living, the lower the depression, and the lower the relationship between depression and suicidal ideation/behavior”
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    Purpose in life and reasons for living were found to be important predictors of suicide and may reduce the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and behaviors.

    “purpose in life and reasons for living were found to be important predictors of suicide and may reduce the likelihood of suicidal thoughts and behaviors”
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    Friendship is critical for our psychological health.

    “friendship is therefore critical for our psychological health”
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    • cites Roffey (2012)

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    Premisecitation

    The festival can be usefully conceived of as a kind of social practice offering possibilities of identity work.

    “the festival” be usefully conceived of as “a kind of social practice offering possibilities of identity work”
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    Premisecitation

    Participants in their mid nineties believed their well-being and good health was largely attributed to their interest and involvement in music.

    “Participants such as Donald, Mildred, Fred and Noreen, who were in their mid nineties, all believed their well-being and good health was largely attributed to their interest and involvement in music.”
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    • cites Hays (2005)

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    Identity is mobile, a process not a thing, a becoming not a being.

    “identity is mobile, a process not a thing, a becoming not a being”
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    • cites Frith (1996)

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    Premisecitation

    Accomplishment is an important element of positive psychology since many people are motivated to achieve, to have mastery, to have competence, even if it brings no positive emotion, no engagement, no relationships, and no meaning.

    “many people are motivated to achieve, to have mastery, to have competence, even if it brings no positive emotion, no engagement, no relationships, and no meaning”
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    • cites Seligman (2010)

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    Festivals might have significance for development of parallel and contradictory identities, allowing the individual to cultivate the many expressions of self-identity.

    “festivals might have significance for development of parallel and contradictory identities, allowing the individual to cultivate the many expressions of self-identity”
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    Premisecitation

    The person who lives a meaningful life is one that serves what is larger and more worthwhile than just the self's pleasures and desires.

    “the person who lives a meaningful life is one that serves what is larger and more worthwhile than just the self 's pleasures and desires”
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    • cites Sirgy and Wu (2011)

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    Premisecitation

    Music was a symbolic representation of who the participants were and how they might like to be perceived by others.

    “Music was a symbolic representation of who the participants were and how they might like to be perceived by others.”
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    Premisecitation

    Music, like identity, is both performance and story, describes the social in the individual and the individual in the social, the mind in the body and the body in the mind.

    “music, like identity, is both performance and story, describes the social in the individual and the individual in the social, the mind in the body and the body in the mind”
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    • cites Frith (1996)

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    Premisecitation

    Music provided ways for defining and redefining their self-identity, knowing and understanding emotions, and maintaining personal well-being.

    “Music provided ways for defining and redefining their selfidentity, knowing and understanding emotions, and maintaining personal well-being.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hays (2005)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    PsyCap is negatively related to attitudes considered undesirable, such as employee cynicism, turnover intentions, and employee stress and anxiety.

    “is negatively related to attitudes considered undesirable, such as employee cynicism, turnover intentions, and employee stress and anxiety”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Avey et al. (2011)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim. May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The experience of music was individualistic and intensely personal for most of the informants and had personal meaning that related to perceptions of identity, self-expression and personal well-being.

    “the experience of music was individualistic and intensely personal for most of the informants and had personal meaning that related to perceptions of identity, self-expression and personal well-being”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hays (2005)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Mildred described music in her life as giving her 'meaningfulness' and felt that she had a purpose and that 'each day was worth living'.

    “Mildred described music in her life as giving her “meaningfulness” and felt that she had a purpose and that “each day was worth living”.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hays (2005)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The festival setting provided rich material for emotional, memory and biographical work needed for defining, developing, changing and thereby constituting the self.

    “the festival setting also provided rich material for the emotional, memory and biographical work mentioned by DeNora (2000), needed for defining, developing, changing and thereby constituting the self”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Karlsen and Brandstrom (2008)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Pursuing task goals was found to have a significant positive relationship with all indices of well-being, as well as with perceptions of academic efficacy and GPA.

    “pursuing task goals was found to have a significant positive relationship with all indices of well-being, as well as with perceptions of academic efficacy and GPA”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kaplan and Maehr (1999)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    All other things being equal, a life with some achievements in it is more meaningful than one without any achievements.

    “all other things being equal, a life with some achievements in it is more meaningful than one without any achievements”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites James (2005)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    PsyCap, as a second-order core factor comprised of hope, optimism, efficacy, and resilience, is significantly and strongly related to employee attitudes generally considered desirable by human resource management, including job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and psychological well-being at work.

    “the evidence accumulated over the past several years supports that PsyCap [Psychological Capital], as a second-order core factor comprised of hope, optimism, efficacy, and resilience, is significantly and strongly related to employee attitudes generally considered desirable by human resource management”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Avey et al. (2011)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The festival experience not only contributes to a transitory state of subjective wellbeing, but can also become part of the way a person defines themselves.

    “the festival experience not only contributes to a transitory state of subjective wellbeing, but can also become part of the way a person defines themselves”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Packer and Ballantyne (2011)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Employees' PsyCap was positively related to their generally recognized desirable behaviors, such as organizational citizenship behaviors, and negatively related to their undesirable behaviors, such as deviance.

    “employees' PsyCap was positively related to their generally recognized desirable behaviors, such as organizational citizenship behaviors, and negatively related to their undesirable behaviors, such as deviance”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Avey et al. (2011)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Music was an important part of many informant's lives and through music they often gave meaning to life experiences.

    “music was an important part of many informant's lives and through music they often gave meaning to life experiences”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hays (2005)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    The musical accomplishment experienced when a piece is mastered gives clients heightened motivation, self-esteem, and a feeling of creativity.

    “The musical accomplishment experienced when a piece is mastered gives clients heightened motivation, self-esteem, and a feeling of creativity.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Lee and Nantais (1996)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The sense of accomplishment that program participants feel when they master musical selections or receive audience approval encourages community reintegration because this program highlights the abilities of persons with SCI.

    “The sense of accomplishment that program participants feel when they master musical selections or receive audience approval encourages community reintegration because this program highlights the abilities of persons with SCI”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Lee and Nantais (1996)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    Significant proportions of health problems among music performance students emerge from general dispositions, such as posture and fatigue, and thus are not specific to the instrument played.

    “Kreutz, Ginsborg, and Williamon (2008) further reported that”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Kreutz, Ginsborg, & Williamon, 2008

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Clients who might not otherwise have socialized spend time working toward a common goal of musical accomplishment and public performances, and this has promoted strong bonds among band members.

    “clients who might not otherwise have socialized spend time working toward a common goal of musical accomplishment and public performances, and this has promoted strong bonds among band members”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Lee and Nantais (1996)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    A paradigmatic or prototypical case of human psychological well-being would largely manifest most or all of the five factors of positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.

    “it has recently been argued in the literature that a paradigmatic or prototypical case of human psychological well-being would largely manifest most or all of the five factors of positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Seligman, 2010

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Improvisational music therapy not only allows for spontaneity and flexibility, but also allows for successful experiences.

    “not only allows for spontaneity and flexibility, but also allows for successful experiences”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Edgerton (1994)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Music therapy can improve grip strength, increase lung capacity, reduce muscle spasticity, and increase self-esteem and QOL in children with physical disabilities.

    “Klaphajone et al. (2013) reported finding that”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Klaphajone et al., 2013

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Music training can improve intelligence, attention, and memory as well as provide a medium for other benefits.

    “music training can improve intelligence, attention, and memory as well as provide a medium for”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hiscock, O'Callaghan, Goodwin, and Wheeler (2013)

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Music training can improve intelligence, attention, and memory as well as provide a medium for interaction, coping, stress reduction, and improved self-esteem.

    “how recent work in the literature has suggested that”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Hiscock et al., 2013

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Music therapy provided an observable spirit boost and improved self-esteem for the children involved and their caregivers during the musical performances.

    “and that”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Klaphajone et al., 2013

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Some problems associated with music practice and participation are more general and include psychosomatic symptoms associated with performance anxiety as well as injuries resulting from inappropriate practicing techniques, poor posture, and poor physical conditioning.

    “Some problems associated with music practice and participation are more general and include psychosomatic symptoms associated with performance anxiety as well as injuries resulting from inappropriate practicing techniques, poor posture, and poor physical conditioning”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Langendorfer et al., 2006

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable). May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    A well executed and emotionally inspiring musical performance requires not only musical knowledge and technique, but also a performer's confidence and social grace, and the collective manifestation of these features in a single musical act by the performer surely counts as a bona fide accomplishment.

    “A well executed and emotionally inspiring musical performance requires not only musical knowledge and technique, but also a performer's confidence and social grace, and the collective manifestation of these features in a single musical act by the performer surely counts as a bona fide accomplishment”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Croom, 2012a

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S2 (checkable), S3 (load-bearing).

    Interpretationreasoning

    Whatever drawbacks one might experience from music practice and participation may be curtailed and even outweighed by the many other benefits that music affords us.

    “whatever drawbacks one might experience from music practice and participation (e.g., pain in the hands and wrists from piano practice) may be curtailed -and even outweighed -by the many other benefits (e.g., reasons or motivations for increased social relations) that music so readily affords us.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim

  • Classified as probably not a substantial claim.

    Premisecitation

    The elements of well-being consist of PERMA: positive emotion, engagement, relationships, meaning, and accomplishment.

    “Seligman (2010) maintained that the elements of well-being consist of”
    Quote in the paperSubstantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Seligman, 2010

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Seligman, 2011

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    52% of a large sample of musicians (n = 1,046) had problems resulting from technical faults or inappropriate practicing procedures.

    “The British Association for Performing Arts Medicine, for example, conducted a study on a large sample of musicians (n = 1,046) and found that 52% of them had problems resulting from technical faults or inappropriate practicing procedures”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Wynn Parry, 2004

      Not checked in the free run.

  • May combine two claims.

    Premisecitation

    Other problems associated with music practice and participation are more instrument-specific and include problems with orofacial musculature especially targeting woodwind players and musculoskeletal pain and problems in the hands and wrists especially targeting pianists.

    “Yet other problems associated with music practice and participation are more instrument-specific and include, for example, problems with orofacial musculature especially targeting woodwind players (Fuks & Fadle, 2002) and musculoskeletal pain and problems in the hands and wrists especially targeting pianists (Yoshimura, Paul, Aerts, & Chesky, 2006).”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 2 sources checked
    • cites Fuks & Fadle, 2002

      Not checked in the free run.

    • cites Yoshimura et al., 2006

      Not checked in the free run.

  • Probably not a substantial claim: may not pass S3 (load-bearing).

    Premisecitation

    The quality of music produced has led to requests for public performances.

    “The quality of music produced has led to requests for public performances.”
    Quote in the paperNot a substantial claim0 of 1 sources checked
    • cites Lee and Nantais (1996)

      Not checked in the free run.

76 of 76

  • The authors state this as an assumption.

    Recent studies on music practice and participation have not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology.

    “However, recent studies on music practice and participation have not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology to further explore and explicate this possibility.”
    “However, recent studies from the literature on music practice and participation have not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from the literature on positive psychology to further explore and explicate the possibility that music practice and participation can positively contribute to one living a more optimally flourishing life with greater psychological well-being.”

  • The paper relies on this without support.

    Recent studies on music had not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology.

    “However, recent studies on music had not yet been reviewed and integrated under the PERMA framework from positive psychology to further explore and explicate this possibility.”
2 of 2

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

Each contradiction between two passages listed here was confirmed by an independent check.

  • Cited page falls outside the referenced chapter

    Minor

    The text attributes the finding to page 415 of Chamberlain and Zika (1992), but the reference lists that chapter as spanning pages 138-148.

1 of 1

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 6

  1. Cooper J. M., 1977, The Review of Metaphysics, 30, 619
  2. Cove E., 2005, Resilient children: Literature review and evidence from the HOPE VI panel study
  3. Hassanzadeh R., 2013, Journal of Elementary Education, 23, 53
  4. Hatfield E., 1994, Emotional contagion
  5. National Crime Prevention, 1999, Pathways to prevention: Developmental and early intervention approaches to crime in Australia
  6. Zaza C., 1998, Canadian Medical Association Journal, 158, 1019

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Related

Authors
Croom, A. M.
Affiliations
University of Pennsylvania (US)
Corresponding author
Croom, Adam M
ORCID
Croom, Adam M
Venue
Musicae Scientiae
Publisher
SAGE Publications
Published
2014-12-05
Volume
19
Issue
1
Pages
44-64
ISSN
  • 1029-8649 (ISSN-L)
  • 2045-4147
DOI
10.1177/1029864914561709
OpenAlex
W2138699624
Semantic Scholar
38d99544ee544cae5f564ce56743163fa35f886f
Cited by
221
References
119
Citations by year
2026: 9 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 31 · 2023: 24 · 2022: 48 · 2021: 26 · 2020: 14 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 14 · 2017: 7 · 2016: 9 · 2015: 7
FWCI
11.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)
Locations
  • Musicae Scientiae (publishedVersion)
  • PhilPapers (PhilPapers Foundation) (submittedVersion)
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Music Therapy and Health
  • Social Sciences › Arts and Humanities › Music › Diverse Music Education Insights
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords
music practice, music participation, psychological well-being, PERMA model, positive emotions, engagement, relationships, meaning, achievement, eudaimonia, music therapy, positive psychology

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Claims read by deepseek-v4.1-flash under definition version 3 (extract-v3) on 2026-10-09.

Classified by jev-1.13-20260917 (gold-guideline-v0.2) on 2026-10-09.

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