Student or educator? Sign up with your school email and get 6 months of Pro free.
Cited by 580

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 3 of the 3 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Unraveling the Effects of the Internet on Political Participation?

Tolbert, Caroline J., Mcneal, Ramona S.·2003·Political Research Quarterly

Abstract

While a long tradition of research documents the demographic and psychological determinants of political participation, there is also evidence to suggest that changes in communication technology may play an important role in influencing electoral behavior. We suggest traditional models of voter turnout may be under-specified with respect to changes in the media, especially use of new information technologies. The Internet may enhance voter information about candidates and elections, and in turn stimulate increased participation. Using NES survey data and multivariate analysis we find respondents with access to the Internet and online election news were significantly more likely to report voting in the 1996 and 2000 presidential elections. This was true even after controlling for socioeconomic status, partisanship, attitudes, traditional media use, and state environmental factors. Simulations suggest access to Internet and online election news significantly increased the probability of voting by an average of 12 percent and 7.5 percent, respectively, in the 2000 election. The mobilizing potential of the Internet in 2000 was also associated with increased participation beyond voting. The findings help us understand how technology can impact voting and American political participation.

Overview

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1177/106591290305600206

Cites

3 of 3 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Verification

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Citations

Cites

Show all 3 references

Research works printed but not linked: 53

  1. Abramson, P. R., 1983, Political Attitudes in America
  2. Benner, J., 2002, Wired News
  3. 10.1080/105846099198569 · DOI · Paper page
  4. 10.1177/106591290105400103 · DOI · Paper page
  5. 10.1017/S0007123402000157 · DOI
  6. Campbell, A., 1960, The American Voter
  7. Cappella, J. N., 1997, Spiral of Cynicism: The Press and the Public Good, 10.1093/oso/9780195090635.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
  8. 10.1080/105846097199218 · DOI · Paper page
  9. Cigler, A., 2000 Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association
  10. Conway, M., 1991, Political Participation in the United States
  11. Crotty, W. J., 1980, American Parties in Decline
  12. Davis, R., 1994, Politics and the Media
  13. DeFleur, M. L., 1989, Theories of Mass Communication
  14. Entman, R .M., 1989, Democracy Without Citizens
  15. Fallows, J., 1996, Breaking the News: How the Media Undermine American Democracy
  16. 10.2307/798221 · doi:10.2307/798221
  17. Graber, D. A., 1989, Mass Media and American Politics
  18. Hall, J., 2000, Columbia Journalism Review, 39, 12
  19. Hero, Rodney, 1998, Faces of Inequality: Social Diversity in American Politics, 10.1093/oso/9780195117141.001.0001 · DOI · Paper page
  20. 10.1177/1532673X99027003001 · DOI
  21. 10.2307/2111030 · DOI · Paper page
  22. 10.2307/2111132 · DOI
  23. Iyengar, S., 1987, News That Matters: Agenda-Setting and Priming in a Television Age
  24. Kerbel, M. R., 1995, Remote and Controlled: Media Politics in a Cynical Age
  25. Kerbel, M. R., 1998, Edited for Television: CNN, ABC, and American Presidential Elections
  26. 10.2307/2669316 · DOI · Paper page
  27. Lewis-Beck, M. S., 1992, Forecasting Elections
  28. Marlin, A. S., 1999, Campaigns and Elections, 20, 11
  29. McChesney, R. W., 1999, Rich Media, Poor Democracy; Communication Politics in Dubious Times
  30. 10.1086/267990 · DOI · Paper page
  31. 10.1177/009365085012001001 · DOI · Paper page
  32. Mossberger, K., 2003, Beyond the Digital Divide
  33. Nie, Norman H., 2000, Internet and Society: A Preliminary Report
  34. O’Keefe, G. J., 1987, Handbook of Communication Science, 419
  35. Pew Research Center for the People and the Press, 2000. Campaign and Internet Survey. October 10-November 25, N = 1,435.
  36. Piven, F. F., 1983, Why Americans Don’t Vote
  37. Rosenstone, S. J., 1993, Mobilization, Participation, and Democracy in America
  38. 10.1080/105846001750322952 · DOI · Paper page
  39. Smith, E., 1989, The Unchanging American Voter
  40. 10.2307/2669246 · DOI
  41. Solop, F. I., Annual Meeting of the American Political Science Association
  42. Sunstein, C., 2001, The Boundaries of Freedom of Expression and Order in American Democracy
  43. 10.1177/1532673X01029006005 · DOI · Paper page
  44. U.S. Department of Commerce, 2002, A Nation Online: How Americans Are Expanding Their Use of the Internet
  45. 10.2307/j.ctv1pnc1k7 · DOI · Paper page
  46. Verba, S., 1972, Participation in America
  47. 10.2307/j.ctv1pnc1k7 · DOI · Paper page
  48. Wayne, L., 2000, New York Times, 30
  49. 10.1177/0002716296546001004 · DOI
  50. 10.1177/107769909307000211 · doi:10.1177/107769909307000211
  51. Weaver, D. H., 1981, Media Agenda-Setting in a Presidential Election: Issues, Images and Interest
  52. Weber, L. M., Annual Meeting of the Western Political Science Association
  53. Wolfinger, R., 1980, Who Votes?

Cited by

See all 580

Metadata

Authors
Tolbert, C. J., & Mcneal, R. S.
Venue
Political Research Quarterly
Published
2003-06
Volume
56
Issue
2
Pages
175-185
ISSN
  • 1065-9129 (ISSN-L)
  • 1938-274X
OpenAlex
W1967676842
Cited by
580
References
3
FWCI
50.38
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license (tdm)

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review

How to cite

Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.

This page
CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Unraveling the Effects of the Internet on Political Participation? https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1177/106591290305600206
The paper
Tolbert, C. J., & Mcneal, R. S. (2003). Unraveling the Effects of the Internet on Political Participation? Political Research Quarterly. https://doi.org/10.1177/106591290305600206

Data sources

Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.