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Differential Item Functioning on the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire Is Minimal in Demographically Matched Meditators and Nonmeditators
Abstract
A recent study of the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire reported high levels of differential item functioning (DIF) for 18 of its 39 items in meditating and nonmeditating samples that were not demographically matched. In particular, meditators were more likely to endorse positively worded items whereas nonmeditators were more likely to deny negatively worded (reverse-scored) items. The present study replicated these analyses in demographically matched samples of meditators and nonmeditators ( n = 115 each) and found that evidence for DIF was minimal. There was little or no evidence for differential relationships between positively and negatively worded items for meditators and nonmeditators. Findings suggest that DIF based on items’ scoring direction is not problematic when the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire is used to compare demographically similar meditators and nonmeditators.
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Age, gender and income group differences were not significant, presenting demographically matched samples of non-meditators and meditators.
“Group differences for these characteristics were not significant (F/χ 2 test), presenting demographically matched samples of non-meditators and meditators, ensuring that DIF (differential item functioning) in FFMQ is minimal (Baer et al., 2011).”
From Mindfulness as an antidote to conspicuous consumption: The mediating roles of self-esteem, self-concept clarity and normative influence (2022) · cites this paper as Baer et al., 2011
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“Recent studies of the FFMQ (Baer et al., 2006; Baer et al., 2008) have shown that the five facets have adequate to very good internal consistency in several samples, including students, nonmeditating community members, and experienced meditators.”
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Metadata
- Authors
- Baer, R. A., Samuel, D. B., & Lykins, E. L. B.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Baer, Ruth A.
- Venue
- Assessment
- Publisher
- SAGE Publications
- Published
- 2010-12-30
- Volume
- 18
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 3-10
- ISSN
- 1073-1911 (ISSN-L)
- 1552-3489
- OpenAlex
- W2088054410
- Cited by
- 103
- References
- 10
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 11 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 9
- FWCI
- 9.43
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Assessment (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Management Science and Operations Research › Psychometric Methodologies and Testing
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Mental Health Research Topics
- Keywords
- differential item functioning, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, mindfulness, meditators, measurement invariance
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Analysis of Variance, Attention, Cognition, Demography, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Thinking, Reproducibility of Results, Meditation
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