Mindfulness and Self-Compassion as Predictors of Psychological Wellbeing in Long-Term Meditators and Matched Nonmeditators
Abstract
Mindfulness training has well-documented effects on psychological health. Recent findings suggest that increases in both mindfulness and self-compassion may mediate these outcomes; however, their separate and combined effects are rarely examined in the same participants. This study investigated cross-sectional relationships between self-reported mindfulness, self-compassion, meditation experience, and psychological wellbeing in 77 experienced meditators and 75 demographically matched nonmeditators. Most mindfulness and self-compassion scores were significantly correlated with meditation experience and psychological wellbeing. Mindfulness and self-compassion accounted for significant independent variance in wellbeing. A significant relationship between meditation experience and wellbeing was completely accounted for by a combination of mindfulness and self-compassion scores. Findings suggest that both mindfulness and self-compassion skills may play important roles in the improved wellbeing associated with mindfulness training; however, longitudinal studies are needed to confirm these findings.
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Mindfulness is associated with less stress, more compassion, and higher levels of well-being.
“Mindfulness is associated with less stress, more compassion, and higher levels of well-being. 82-84”
From Psychological Health, Well-Being, and the Mind-Heart-Body Connection: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2021) · cites this paper as [82]
Mindfulness should be differentiated as a personal trait and as an ability acquired through practice.
“The current results imply that mindfulness should be differentiated as a personal trait [52] and as an ability that is acquired as a result of practice [53,54].”
When 77 experienced meditators were compared to 75 demographically matched non meditators, and variables such as age, sex, race, level of education, and status as a mental health professional were all controlled for, Baer, Lykins, and Peters (2012) found that mindfulness and self-compassion were significantly correlated with psychological well-being.
“When 77 experienced meditators were compared to 75 demographically matched non meditators, and variables such as age, sex, race, level of education, and status as a mental health professional were all controlled for, Baer, Lykins, and Peters (2012) found that mindfulness and self-compassion were significantly correlated with psychological well-being.”
From Counselor Self-care and Mindfulness (2017) · cites this paper as Baer, Lykins, and Peters 2012
Increasing self-compassion and mindfulness have been shown to mediate the effect of meditation programs on stress in a variety of populations.
“constructs such as increasing self-compassion and mindfulness have been shown to mediate the effect of meditation programs on stress in a variety of populations [34-36].”
From Efficacy of the Mindfulness Meditation Mobile App “Calm” to Reduce Stress Among College Students: Randomized Controlled Trial (2019) · cites this paper as [35]
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BackgroundExploring connections between self-compassion, mindfulness, and social anxiety
Makadi, E., & Koszycki, D. (2020) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-019-01270-z · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Mindfulness and Self-compassion as Unique and Common Predictors of Affect in the General Population
López, A., Sanderman, R., & Schroevers, M. J. (2016) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-016-0568-y · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Exploring the Relationships Between Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Shame
Sedighimornani, N., Rimes, K. A., & Verplanken, B. (2019) · SAGE Open · doi:10.1177/2158244019866294 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Mediating role of coping competence on the relationship between mindfulness and flourishing
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Exploring the social side of self‐compassion: Relations with empathy and outgroup attitudes
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Examining the effect of mindfulness on well-being: self-connection as a mediator
Klussman, K., Curtin, N., Langer, J., & Nichols, A. (2020) · Journal of Pacific Rim Psychology · doi:10.1017/prp.2019.29 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
The Experience of Racism on Behavioral Health Outcomes: the Moderating Impact of Mindfulness
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ZÜMBÜL, S. (2019) · Ege Eğitim Dergisi · doi:10.12984/egeefd.481963 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
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A Call for Self-Compassion in Social Work Education
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Workplace spirituality, self-compassion and mindfulness as antecedents of employee mental wellbeing
Jnaneswar, K., & Sulphey, M. M. (2021) · South Asian Journal of Business Studies · doi:10.1108/sajbs-07-2020-0258 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Psychometric Evaluation of the Interpersonal Mindfulness Scale Using Rasch Analysis
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The bidirectional associations between state anger and rumination and the role of trait mindfulness
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Compassion, Forgiveness and Subjective Well-Being among Filipino Counseling Professionals
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The Efficacy of Cognitively-Based Compassion Training for African American Suicide Attempters
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- Authors
- Baer, R. A., Lykins, E. L. B., & Peters, J. R.
- Affiliations
- University of Kentucky (US)
- Eastern Kentucky University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Baer, Ruth A.
- Venue
- The Journal of Positive Psychology
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2012-05
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 230-238
- ISSN
- 1743-9760 (ISSN-L)
- 1743-9779
- OpenAlex
- W2019552008
- Cited by
- 389
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 17 · 2025: 34 · 2024: 29 · 2023: 39 · 2022: 41 · 2021: 44 · 2020: 38 · 2019: 31 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 34 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 12 · 2013: 9 · 2012: 1
- FWCI
- 13.40
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- The Journal of Positive Psychology (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Social Sciences › Health › Religion, Spirituality, and Psychology
- Keywords
- mindfulness, self-compassion, psychological well-being, meditation experience, long-term meditators, mindfulness training, mediating effect
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