A distinction between two instruments measuring dispositional mindfulness and the correlations between those measurements and the neuroanatomical structure
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The most widely used measurements of mindfulness are the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale (MAAS) and the Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ). However, controversies exist regarding the application of these scales. Additionally, the neural mechanisms of dispositional mindfulness havebecome a topic of interest. In the current study, we used surface-based methodology to identify the brain regions underlying individual differences in dispositional mindfulness in a large non-clinical sampleand compared the two instruments for measuring the dispositional mindfulness. The results indicated that theMAAS scores were significantly associated with increased greymatter volumes in the right precuneus and the significant association between the precuneus and depression symptomatology was mediated by MAAS scores. Regarding the FFMQ, the Describing, Nonjudging, and Nonreactivity facets were selectively associated with the cortical volume, thickness and surface area of multiple prefrontal regions as well as the inferior parietal lobule. Importantly, Describing mediated the association between the dorsolateral PFC volume and the cognitive reappraisal strategies of emotion regulation. These resultssuggested that the MAASwere mainly associated with self-awareness, while the FFMQ facets were selectively involved in emotion regulation, attention control and self-awareness. Therefore, this study characterized the differences in inter-individual variability between the two typical measurements of dispositional mindfulnessand the correlations between those measurements and imaging analyses.
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Only one study has established a relationship between the Nonjudging mindfulness facet and brain structure; a positive association was found between Nonjudging and surface area in the superior prefrontal cortex in a non-clinical young sample.
“To the best of our knowledge, only one study has established before a relationship between this specific mindfulness facet and brain structure; more precisely, a positive association was found between Nonjudging and surface area in the superior prefrontal cortex in a non-clinical young sample [11]”
From The bed nucleus of the stria terminalis as a brain correlate of psychological inflexibility in fibromyalgia (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
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Mindfulness, mental health, and motives for eating tasty foods when not in metabolic need
Moore, K. G., Rice, J. D., Gampher, J. E., & Boggiano, M. M. (2024) · Frontiers in Psychology · doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1308609 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Sylvia, A. M., Mano, K. E. J., Birkley, E. L., & Mano, Q. R. (2024) · Trauma Violence & Abuse · doi:10.1177/15248380231221278 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Gender Gap in Mindfulness Assessment Among Italian Nurses: A Pilot Descriptive Study
Vitale, E. (2021) · Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies · doi:10.24193/jebp.2021.2.12 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Lv, H., Gu, L., Xiong, J., Li, Z., Xie, Y., Zou, W., Kuang, H., Hong, S., & Jiang, J. P. (2024) · Journal of Integrative Neuroscience · doi:10.31083/j.jin2308147 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Doborjeh, Z. (2019) · Tuwhera (Auckland University of Technology) · Cited by 5 · see citing works
L2 learners’ mindfulness in relation to their memorization/learning of L2 phrasal verbs
Kang, D.-M. (2024) · Language Teaching Research · doi:10.1177/13621688241276048 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Chang, M., Sorella, S., Crescentini, C., & Grecucci, A. (2025) · Brain Sciences · doi:10.3390/brainsci15090953 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Siraji, M. A., Rahman, M., Saha, B., & Haque, S. (2023) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-023-02240-2 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Šumec, R., Filip, P., Vyhnálek, M., Katina, S., Dorjee, D., Hort, J., & Sheardová, K. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-024-02500-9 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Zhang, X., Zhang, H., Li, J., Shao, D., Li, J., Jiao, J., & Cao, F. (2025) · Healthcare and Rehabilitation · doi:10.1016/j.hcr.2025.100023 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Escalante, L. F. D. (2020) · Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC) · doi:10.19083/tesis/653754 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Connectome predictive modeling of trait mindfulnessPreprint
Treves, I. N., Kucyi, A., Park, M. S., Kral, T. R. A., Goldberg, S. B., Davidson, R. J., Rosenkranz, M. A., Whitfield, S., & Gabrieli, J. D. E. (2024) · bioRxiv (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory) · doi:10.1101/2024.07.09.602725 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Yan, K., Ikani, N., Yusainy, C., Guineau, M. G., Witteman, C. L. M., & Spijker, J. (2025) · PsyCh Journal · doi:10.1002/pchj.70043 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Predicting Trait Mindfulness by Ego Strength: The Mediating Role of Perfectionism and Alexithymia
Mansouri, J., Mohammadi, E., Amani, N., & Besharat, M. (2025) · The Neuroscience Journal of Shefaye Khatam · doi:10.61882/shefa.13.4.61
Engle, J., Commerce, E., Mezhenska, M., & Neumann, C. S. (2025) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-025-02724-3
Feng, G., Xu, X., Wu, J., Ye, Y., & Wang, C. (2025) · Current Psychology · doi:10.1007/s12144-025-08852-2
“A prior study reported that the association between the MAAS and FFMQ scores and regional brain anatomy differed (Zhuang et al., 2017).”
Neural Correlates of Dissociating Mindfulness Subdomains: A Differential Analysis Approach
Kamrla, R., Schöniger, K., König, P., Zwiky, E., Küttner, A., Scheiwe, G. S., Andreev, J., Fleischer, L., Uhlig, M., Ptasczynski, L. E., et al. (2026) · Mindfulness · doi:10.1007/s12671-026-02993-6
- Authors
- Zhuang, K., Bi, M., Li, Y., Xia, Y., Guo, X., Chen, Q., Du, X., Wang, K., Wei, D., Yin, H., & Qiu, J.
- Affiliations
- Southwest University (CN)
- Chongqing City Mental Health Center (CN)
- Hunan Normal University (CN)
- Corresponding author
- Yin, Huazhan
- Qiu, Jiang
- ORCID
- Venue
- Scientific Reports
- Published
- 2017-07-24
- Volume
- 7
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 6252-6252
- ISSN
- 2045-2322 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5524689
- OpenAlex
- W2739393349
- Cited by
- 44
- References
- 71
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 3
- FWCI
- 5.75
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Locations
- Scientific Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Greater South Information System
- Funders
- Chongqing Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Xm2016044, Xm2015037)
- National Natural Science Foundation of China (31671125, 31470981, 31571137, 31500885)
- China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M572423, 2015M580767)
- Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2015j-cyjA10106)
- Fok Ying Tung Education Foundation (151023)
- Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (SWU1609177), SWU1 509451, 31500885, 31571137)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Mindfulness and Compassion Interventions
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Mind wandering and attention
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Keywords
- trait mindfulness, Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, instrument comparison, individual differences, precuneus, gray matter volume, depressive symptoms, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, inferior parietal lobule, emotion regulation, cognitive reappraisal, self-awareness, attentional control, cortical thickness, surface area
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Brain, Brain Mapping, Depression, Emotions, Female, Humans, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Male, Personality, Young Adult, Mindfulness
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